Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Think
1-hour
CD
Educational
Material
www.thinkinenglish.net
in English
Personality Test:
Which
Christian
Shakespeare
Slater character
are YOU?
Micro-cosmos
00147
Chichester
England 8 414090 253369
Think 120 Find the answers to these
Where did Dylan Thomas lose
the only manuscript of Under questions and more in:
Milk Wood?
so
so
What does Its your call mean?
ld
ld
o
o
ut
ut
Think 124
Why did Dorothy Lawrence
disguise herself as a soldier
and go off to the Battle of the
Somme?
Whats the difference between
wallet and purse?
so
so
Think 129
ld
ld
o
o
ut
ut
How can a smell be used as a
weapon?
How do sun spots affect climate
change?
Think 131
How have people in Liverpool
used books to cure?
Which has been the most-read "Simply put, it is the best magazine I have ever
novel amongst US soldiers in come across to learn good, accurate English."
Iraq? Miguel Angel Hernandez, on Think's Facebook page.
Current Affairs
Editors Note 4 News & Anecdotes
Hello again, 6 Science
Welcome to Think 147. Weve gone for variety this 7 Internet Black Hawk Downed
month. The longest article asks female readers Which by Facebook
Shakespearean character are you? (pp. 14-17), a
light-hearted psychological quiz to determine which of
8 EconomicsCash-Free Future
the Bards parts is most similar to your personality. The 10 SaveSelling Techniques
answers may surprise you! 8
A second question we ask is Why learn the English of Culture
today when you can learn the English of tomorrow? 11 Travel Chichester: Little England
(pp. 28-29) really just an excuse to think about how the
14 TheatreWhich Shakespearean
language may change over the next thousand years.
Since were crystal-ball gazing Douglas has written an Character Are You?
excellent article about how banknotes and coins may 18 History A Spy Called Cicero
disappear over the next decade: our cashless future 20 FeatureMicro-Cosmos
(pp. 8-9). Another fascinating piece is Colmans look 22 ArtLandscapes
into the murky world of Second-World-War spying 24 Education Ferment in Academia
on pp. 18-19.
The debate on the CD looks at how economics once
11 26 CinemaChristian Slater
a marginal subject for people like me who didnt have the 28 LanguageTomorrows English
stomach to study law has moved centre stage in our
lives (tracks 1-5), not because economists have become Language
any better at predicting the future but in some sense 30 Functional Ways of Speaking and
precisely because they (we?) havent!
Laughing......................................................................
I really think theres something for everyone this
month. We look forward to hearing from you on 32 Pronunciation Phonics & Tefl
our rapidly-expanding Facebook community. The 35 IdiomsLandscape Expressions
Functional English article (pp. 30-31) arose because 36 Common MistakesAdverbs &
Cristian one of our Facebook community members 14 Word Order
asked for an article with audio on Ways of Speaking 38 Word Building Am I my brothers
and Laughing. So now you know what to do if theres
something youd like us to cover...
-keeper
40 TranslationError Dectectives
See you next month, 41 Crossword
Nick Franklin, editor 42 Miscellany.....................................................................
NickAtThink@gmail.com 43 Subscription form
44 Back issues coupon
magazine abbreviation & symbols Key
45 Tapescripts...................................................................
18 51 Next month
Listening: there is a recording on the CD connected
to the text.
Bookmark Birds by habitat
Exercise: there is an exercise in the subscribers
exercises relating directly to the text.
3
Current Affairs | News & Anecdotes
News&Anecdotes
going to prevent18 accidents on a stretch19 of road because
of a bit of water and oil? Surely the Deity has better criteria for
intervention.
Memory Shtick20
Photo by Evan Bench
1
to poll s.o. ask s.o. questions that are written 24
county one of the traditional administrative
on a questionnaire districts in some English-speaking countries
2
to lead to (lead-led-led) result in 25
parents (false friends) mothers and fathers
3
to get hired (get-got-got) be employed, be 26
to plug A into B insert A into B
offered a job 27
to display show, exhibit
4
degree university qualification 28
slideshow series of pictures which are
5
job applicant candidate for a job shown individually and change after a speci-
6
to stand out (stand-stood-stood) (in this fied number of seconds
context) be noticed, attract attention 29
to flee (flee-fled-fled) run out of
7
interviewee job applicant5 30
meanwhile at the same time
8
polite courteous, considerate 31
Easter Holy Week
9
reception staff receptionists, reception employees 32
draughty characterized by draughts
10
to bless sth. ask Gods favour for sth. (= currents of cold air)
11
holy sacred, sanctified 33
to have a lie-in (have-had-had) stay in bed
12
broom longer than usual in the morning
13
mop 34
blind /blaind/ unable to see, sightless
14
to sprinkle spray, splash, 35
there is (in this context) examples include
spill, pour a little 36
to make no claim to be (make-made-made)
15
ludicrous ridiculous not say that one is
16
to erase eliminate 37
to realize (false friend) be conscious
17
daft silly, stupid, idiotic 38
to salvage rescue, save, recover, retrieve
18
to prevent stop 39
blank empty, with no visible writing on it
19
stretch section, extension 40
indentation mark
20
schtick act, routine, performance 41
to deliver sth. bring sth. to s.os home
21
subject theme, question, topic 42
bar (in this context) except for, apart from
22
to spare a thought for feel sorry for 43
to be gobsmacked (slang) be astonished,
23
priest churchman, cleric be speechless
44
to pipe up chip in, contribute an opinion,
say
45
to chime in intervene, pipe up44
46
to glue stick, fix with adhesive
47
to run out (run-ran-run) come to an end,
be exhausted
48
ticking making the tick-tock noise of a
clock
49
parcel (false friend) package, packet
50
to deal with (deal-dealt-dealt) tackle,
deactivate
51
forlornly unhappily, disconsolately, pitifully
52
to mean to intend to, want to
53
to threaten menace, intimidate
54
to injure hurt, harm
55
current present
56
mess chaos, turmoil
57
border frontier
58
too radical a measure such a radical idea/
plan
59
partner member state, associate
Statistics.....................................................................
Sometimes its hard67 being a man. A UK poll found that, when their partners
pay them a compliment about68 their makeup69, 9% of women thought that
it meant that they were wearing too much.
- 22% believed that the comment You look well was a coded way of saying that
they were fat.
- A third of British women have had an argument70 with their partners because
they took a compliment the wrong way71.
42% of Britons would seriously consider emigrating.
China smokes 38% of the cigarettes consumed worldwide. Is smoking a symptom
of development and prosperity?
Science
Cooking the Prehistory Books
Cooking food is probably the last uniquely human facet.
Once we could boast1 that we used language and tools2,
while other species dont. We thought that we had culture,
empathy, altruism, a sense of morality and a concept of death
in contrast to lesser species. The uniquely human aspect of
all these things is now called into question. However, cooking Fire, Flowers and Flashy Feathers
remains3. So, if hot food is what makes us unique when did T. rex wandering17 amongst18 the tulips19: its not the first
we start to cook? Surely, that is when we became human. image that springs to mind20 when we think of the worlds
Well, theres no general agreement about that. The oldest most famous predator dinosaur, is it? However, research
undeniable4 evidence of hearths5 is 400,000 years old. More from the Field Museum in Chicago suggests oxygen levels
questionable evidence of burnt6 wood and stones in Israel in the mid-Cretaceous were at their highest levels in the last
dates back nearly7 800,000 years. However, physiological 250 million years. The result would have been massive wild-
evidence may suggest that cooking is much older. Around fires16 as evidenced by charcoal21 deposits. The big winners
1.9 million years ago hominid molars8 shrank9 while crani- of the forest clearance caused by the fires were flowering
ums got bigger. Since10 cooked food requires less chewing11 plants, which suddenly became prolific 100 million years
and digesting, this would seem to fit the evidence. If jaw12 ago. They have the advantage over conifers, cycads22 and
muscles become weaker, the brain size can expand. ferns23 that they are faster growing and so can take better
New evidence partially resolves the discrepancy between advantage of burnt areas.
archaeology and physiology. Palaeontologists from the Meanwhile, Chinese palaeontologists have discovered
University of Toronto using microscopic analysis have found the largest feathered24 dinosaurs discovered yet25. Yutyran-
burnt bone13 and ash14 in the Wonderwerk Cave in South nus huali was a 9m.-long bipedal carnivore that probably
Africa, which was occupied a million years ago by Homo hunted in packs26. Nearly7 as big as a Tyrannosaurus rex,
erectus. The deposits were 30 metres inside the cave so they this beautiful feathered tyrant obviously couldnt fly. Its
are very unlikely to have been15 the result of wildfires16. feathers were spaced out, so they were probably for mating
displays27 rather than28 insulation.
Related Resources
?Does anything apart from cooking distinguish us from other animals?
D
Photo by Nathan McCord Use the Internet (in English) to test your ideas and report back to the class.
1
to boast talk proudly of, 8
molar back tooth, tooth at the been it is highly improbable 22
cycad (Cycadophyta) type of
mention with pride back of ones mouth that they were plant
2
tool instrument, implement, 9
to shrink (shrink-shrank-shrunk) 16
wildfire fire that is out of 23
fern (Filicinophyta) type of plant
utensil become smaller control, opposite of a bonfire 24
feathered that has plumage
3
to remain (in this context) 10
since (in this context) given that, 17
to wander roam, walk about 25
yet so far, until now
continue to be valid as, because 18
amongst among, (in this 26
pack group of predators work-
4
undeniable irrefutable, certain, 11
chewing mastication context) amid ing together
conclusive 12
jaw (adj.) mandibular (technical) 19
tulip flower associated with 27
mating display reproductive
5
hearth fireplace for cooking 13
bone osseous material, skeletal Holland exhibition
6
burnt cauterized, consumed remains 20
to spring to mind (spring-sprang- 28
rather than as opposed to,
by fire 14
ash dry fragments of burnt6 sprung) enter ones head instead of
7
nearly almost, just under, practi- material, cinerary particles 21
charcoal pieces of carbon from 29
to lead to (lead-led-led) result in
cally 15
they are very unlikely to have vegetation 30
fat deposits adipose tissue
Blackhawk Downed
cautioned15 against taking pictures
with smartphones at other times. The
British army has even established a
by Facebook
social-media team which offers guide-
by Douglas Jasch
douglasjasch@douglasjasch.com
lines16 demonstrating just how serious
twitter: @douglasjasch they consider the question of geotag-
ging to be.
Last month I talked about a model which can predict a Twitter users
location to within1 a 100-metre radius with 85% accuracy2. The program
examines tweets3 from the target4s friends that include either geotags5 Can Video Games
or words in the tweets about the tweeters location. The program uses Make us Reckless?
several months worth of tweets6 and can accurately forecast7 where A new UK study has found that people
a target person will be from the information in their friends tweets. who play driving games are more
likely to crash17 in real-life than those
who dont.
Motorists18 who play games like
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit and Gran
Turismo were found to be 44% more
likely to take risks on the road than
others. Tyre company Continental
commissioned a study of 2000 UK
motorists and found that gamers
were twice as likely to speed, suffer
from road rage19, take risks and/or be
stopped by the police.
Continental Tyres
spokesman Tim Bailey
said that computer
Geotagging Brings post will often automatically display12 games did improve20
Down Helicopter the location where the post is made. driver reaction times,
Now the US army has warned8 that Locations posted over the course of a but those who played
geotagging 9 photos through smart- month can create a pattern13 that can them were more
phones and then posting the geotagged be followed by others. Unfortunately, prepared to take risks
photos on social-networking sites can many Facebook users still do not set on the road. Road
put the lives of soldiers and their families their profile to private, while others add safety experts say that
at risk10. Many smartphones automati- friends that they do not really know. these games should
cally geotag photos with GPS co-ordi- not be confused with road-driving simu-
nates. In 2007 four US Army helicopters Managing Geotagging lator games, which simulate real driving
were destroyed in Iraq after geotagged in the Military and have a focus on safety. These are
photos were posted on the internet. The Anything personal posted by soldiers driver education tools21.
geotags informed the enemy of where on a social media site, such as family
the helicopters were operating. pictures, can be used against them Related Resources
While photos contain specific GPS by the enemy if they are captured in
Facebook chat: Cyberspace is a
information showing where they were action. To manage this, mobile phones place of fantasy fulfilment and as
taken, even signing into11 Facebook are banned14 by the British army in such presents similar attractions and
dangers as narcotics discuss22.
from a smartphone and making a operational zones, and soldiers are
1
within less than 7
to forecast predict 16
guidelines recommendations, directives
2
accuracy precision, exactness 8
to warn caution, alert 17
are more likely to crash have a greater
3
tweet Twitter message 9
to geotag include a geotag5 on probability of crashing
4
target (in this context) user, person in ques- 10
at risk in danger 18
motorist (false friend) car driver
tion, victim 11
to sign into register in 19
road rage violent anger at other motor-
5
geotag geographical information (latitude 12
to display show ists18
and longitude) added to a digital file 13
pattern tendency, guide 20
did improve (emphatic) improved
6
several months worth of tweets 14
to ban prohibit 21
tools (in this context) software
messages over several months 15
to caution warn, alert 22
to discuss (false friend) debate
A Cashless Society
by Douglas Jasch douglasjasch@douglasjasch.com, twitter: @douglasjasch
During the 1970s former1 Abba legend Bjorn Ulvaeus was singing
the famed song Money Money Money all the way to the top of the
US music charts2. Now, 46 years later, the songwriter has changed
his tune3. Since4 his son has been robbed three times over several
years, like many Swedish people, he is calling for money (coins5 and
notes6) to be phased out7. Money has been with us since the fourth
millennium BCE when it was introduced in ancient Egypt. After such
a long time in this world of amazing technology and change, has
money now finally outlived8 its usefulness?
1
former ex- The Disappearing Dollar
2
the charts the list
of the most popular Ulvaeus thinks so. On a recent blog he posted
songs There are no direct practical reasons, as far
3
to change ones
tune adopt a as I can see9, to have coins and banknotes. No
different attitude matter how passionate we are about a cashless
4
since (in this
context) given that,
society, after six thousand years no one believes
as that money will disappear overnight10. What is Photo by Marina Carresi
5
coins clear, however, is that there has been a growing
trend11 away from hard cash12 towards electronic will account for19 45% of transactions by 2018,
payments since the 1970s. compared with 73% in 1999. For better or worse,
6
(bank)notes bank The 1990s experienced a substantial move there is no denying 20 the trend11 away from 21
bills, paper money in thinking when even small grocery stores13 cash12 purchases22 .
7
to phase out
gradually eliminate started accepting electronic payments through
8
to outlive outlast, credit card and savings card. The growth in the Safety in Numbers
survive longer than
9
as far as I can see
number of ATM14 machines meant that people Ulvaeus believes that if people didnt carry
in my experience, in didnt need to carry as much cash12 on them as physical money then there would be less violent
my opinion previously. Stores and restaurants increasingly crime23 and robberies. This is a popular view in
10
overnight imme-
diately, instantly accepted electronic payments. Sweden. Supporting24 this view, after
11
trend tendency The trend towards using cards
11
a series of attacks on bus drivers,
12
(hard) cash physi-
cal money, coins instead of cash has become an
15
Swedens health-and-safety author-
and notes everyday part of life. MasterCard ity instructed bus companies to find
13
grocery store
corner shop, conve- held a survey16 which found that a way to protect the drivers. So, the
nience store three in four Americans use less bus companies stopped accept-
14
ATM automatic
teller machine, cash
cash today than they did 10 years ing notes6 or coins5 and these days
machine ago. In Sweden, over the past buses in Stockholm are cash-free.25
15
instead of rather decade the value of card payments Instead of15 cash12, people purchase
than, as opposed to
16
to hold a survey has increased fivefold , while
17
sim-based26 bus cards in advance of
Photo by Hannibal
(hold-held-held) the number of card payments has their journey. Payments can also be
do a questionnaire
17
fivefold five increased by a factor of eight18. The same trend11 made via mobile phones, so bus companies no
times, x5 is seen in the UK where it is predicted that by longer accept notes or coins.
18
by a factor of
eight eightfold, 2015, notes and coins will be used less often than Bernt Nilsson of the Swedish Work Environ-
eight times, x8 other forms of payment, such as plastic cards or ment Authority says that all indications are that
19
to account for
represent
financial payments by mobile phones. there have been significantly fewer problems on
20
there is no deny- Even more profound, the Payments Council in the buses. The drivers are very happy with the
ing nobody can the UK has published a report suggesting cash situation.
question that
21
away from
against, of renounc- 22
purchase acquisition, act delinquency 25
as they are in London modulate (= a type of
ing (opposite of of buying sth. 24
supporting in support of, 26
sim-based based on smart card)
towards) 23
crime (false friend) in favour of subscriber-identification
Sales Techniques
Chichester:
Little England
Chichester /titist/ is the perfect destination
for anyone who wants all their preconceptions
about gentrified1 Olde2 England confirmed.
An Olde Town
The English like old things and Chichester could
justifiably claim3 to be the oldest English-speak-
ing town in the world. The Romans seem to have
founded the town of Noviomagus Reginorum on
London
the site shortly after their invasion in 43CE4. The
modern towns basic street plan with roads from
Chichester all four cardinal directions meeting at the market
3 4
Captions: Despite its age, the cathedral follows the music, but not particularly religious. Theres a
1. Chichester
cathedral exterior modern Anglican policy15 of playing down16 the fantastic temporary exhibition of sculptures,
2. Chichester religion and playing up17 the happy, happy. We including a bronze of a bishop22 in the bath with
cathedral interior
3. Bronze sculpture
were welcomed at the entrance by a charming18 his dog, which is quite frankly to-die-for23. The
of bathing bishop elderly man in a purple19 tunic who greets20 us Church of England seems to see its main24 role as
with his dog like a prodigal son and daughter. Can we take being the last bastion against rampant25 consum-
4. Sculpture
photos for a magazine article? Of course, thank erism, which I find laudable26 enough. This is a
Photos by
Marina Carresi you for asking. Despite the altar and other clues21 space of peace, culture and the vaguest27 hint28
that this is a functioning church, the cathedral of spirituality an oasis from Next, Macdonalds
has something of the air of an arts centre. Theres and The Phone House.
a young woman practising on the organ classical
15
policy strategy agreeable, delightful 22
bishop head of a diocese unrestrained
16
to play down downplay, 19
purple reddish blue 23
to-die-for wonderful, 26
laudable admirable
opposite of emphasize 20
to greet welcome, say fantastic 27
vaguest faintest, subtlest
17
to play up emphasize hello 24
main primary, principal 28
hint indication, insinua-
18
charming very pleasant, 21
clue indication 25
rampant out-of-control, tion, suggestion
Which Shakespearean
Character Are You?
Shakespeares Women
William Shakespeare created nearly 400 characters in his plays,
some of them amongst the most memorable in world theatre.
Which of these people do you most resemble? Ladies first.
1
to get on (get-got-got) be successful, 13
ones parents (false friend) ones mother
progress and father
2
wily /waili/ cunning, clever, astute 14
to come to realize (come-came-come)
3
tough (in this context) resolute, determined become conscious
4
the fittest the most capable/competent 15
gal pal friend who is female
5
to allow permit, enable 16
mistreatment abuse, persecution
6
lately recently 17
slander defamation of character, calumnies,
7
remorse contrition, repentance, self- false accusations
reproach 18
to take revenge (take-took-taken) avenge
8
talkative chatty, loquacious oneself, wreak vengeance
9
insurmountable insuperable, impossible 19
awful horrible, horrid, terrible
10
to go to stage two (go-went-gone) become 20
to fall for s.o. (fall-fell-fallen) (in this context)
more serious fall in love with
11
better safe than sorry I prefer to be 21
deeds actions, acts
prudent 22
just (in this context) simply, only
12
matter question 23
hollow empty, insincere Lady Macbeth
24
to tantalize fascinate, allure 39
to mistreat ill-treat, persecute
25
truly really, 100% 40
whether if (but if cannot be used after a
26
mesmerizing tantalizing, captivating preposition)
27
inner world private passions, emotions and 41
to be worth merit, compensate the effort of
desires 42
as far as Im concerned in my opinion
28
to behave act, conduct oneself 43
to play ones cards close to ones chest not
29
slut whore, promiscuous woman reveal ones thoughts or intentions
30
to pursue go after, desire, strive for 44
out of (in this context) from
31
to have a sharp tongue (have-had-had) 45
hard-headed practical
respond in a venomous/vitriolic way 46
charming delightful, loveable, likeable
32
to deal with (deal-dealt-dealt) interact with 47
I guess I suppose
33
cant stand cant bear, hate, detest 48
deceitful dishonest, insincere, duplicitous,
34
rather than as opposed to, instead of hypocritical
35
to stand out (stand-stood-stood) be 49
to account for explain
conspicuous, be distinctive 50
slightly marginally, moderately
36
to overwhelm be too stressful for 51
to be willing to be ready to, be prepared to
37
but rather (in this context) by contrast I 52
my passions run deep (run-ran-run) I am
38
to go with the flow (go-went-gone) accept very passionate
the majority opinion 53
trusting unquestioning, opposite of suspicious Hermione
1 2 4 5
Cicero:
was to furnish the wily8 Turk with 9 numerous
opportunities to ransack10 the many secrets in
the British ambassadors safe11.
Sir Hughe, a close friend of Anthony Eden12 ,
decidedly belonged to the old-fashioned type of
W
documents in late October 1943. On
1
to dub (in this ithout any doubt Elyesa Bazna was the 26th of that month he approached the German
context) call infor-
mally most successful Nazi spy of World War embassy compound23 on Atatrk Boulevard and
2
staggering II. Dubbed1 Cicero (for the eloquence of asked to speak to Albert Jenke a high-ranking24
impressive, aston-
ishing the secrets he revealed) by the German ambas- aide25 for whom Bazna had worked the previ-
3
although Bazna sador in Ankara Franz von Papen, Bazna in an ous year. Jenke, who had a clear distaste for26
told Moyzisch he
was Albanian, he
intense four-month period from late October espionage and, not wanting to get his fingers
was in fact born in 1943 to early March 1944, managed to success- burnt 27, referred Bazna to Ludwig Moyzisch,
the Balkan town fully photograph four hundred top-secret docu- the cultural attach28. Bazna, who in his deal-
of Pristina in the
western Ottoman ments at the British embassy and sell them to the ings29 with Moyzisch would call himself Pierre,
Empire in 1904 Germans for the staggering 2 sum of 300,000 demanded 20,000 for two rolls of film and gave
4
this Turkish term
for servant sterling. For years the 38-year-old Turk 3 had the Germans four days in which to come up with30
carried a certain worked as a kavass4 in the Turkish capital before the money. After receiving clearance31 from von
stigma
5
to hire s.o. being hired5 by the British as valet6 to Sir Hughe Papen, Moyzisch met the valet6 on the night of
employ s.o. Knatchbull-Hugessen, a coveted7 post which 30th October at the German embassy. While
6
valet /vlei/
manservant, 11
safe (n.) 15
gross (in this context) improve 27
to get ones fingers burnt
personal attendant 12
Both attended flagrant, terrible 22
wax impression silhou- (get-got-got) expose
7
coveted /kvtid/ Balliol College. 16
rather than instead of, as ette created when an oneself to the unpleasant
desirable At the time of opposed to object is pressed into a soft consequences of a decision
8
wily /waili/ crafty, these events 17
chancery (in this context) substance (= wax) 28
cultural attach diplo-
cunning, astute Eden was the ambassadors office 23
compound complex, mat specializing in cultural
9
to furnish s.o. with British Foreign Secretary 18
tight rigorous, full group of buildings questions
provide s.o. with, 13
to stem from be caused 19
seldom rarely, only occa- 24
high-ranking senior, top 29
dealings interaction
offer s.o. by sionally 25
aide (in this context) 30
to come up with (come-
10
to ransack plun- 14
to lead to (lead-led-led) 20
to pry into spy on official came-come) find, produce
der, pillage, rob result in 21
to enhance magnify, 26
distaste for dislike of 31
clearance permission
Micro-Cosmos
Small is beautiful.
W
e pride ourselves on1 being more enlightened2 than our
ancestors. We dont believe in a flat earth, Galenic medicine
or a literal interpretation of Genesis. However, in one sense
we are no better than our forefathers3; we accept the world as being
what we see. Take biodiversity. We (rightly) worry about whales4,
tigers, pandas and fish stocks. However, by any objective measure5
life, and its diversity on Earth, is a question of micro-organisms. For
Yellow mite
instance6, the bio-mass of microbes is infinitely greater than that
of the kingdom Animalia. The microbial kingdoms are much more Of course most of the microbes you
diverse, though we have studied them so comparatively little that carry around with you are harmless20
they dont seem so. Microbes can be just as vulnerable to extinction, and some of them are essential to keep
too. There is an anaerobic fungus that only lives in the hindgut7 of you alive. Bacteria in your guts21 help
the Somali wild ass8. Unfortunately for the symbiotic microbe, the ass to break down 22 food and keep your
is an endangered9 species, so when it disappears well have lost two immune system healthy. Gut 23 flora
species. We dont know the effect of anthropogenic climate change protects against harmful microbes
on the micro-cosmos because the question hasnt been sufficiently such as Clostridium difficile. Antibiot-
studied, but it may be much more catastrophic than the loss of large ics often kill gut flora leaving the coast
clear for C. difficile, which is why this
mammals.
bug24 is so prevalent in hospitals.
Our obsession with things that are macroscopic10 means that we Research at McMaster University in
automatically assume11 that alien life will be more or less human size Hamilton, Ontario, also suggests that
when it is more likely to12 be microscopic (or immense). normal healthy gut23 bacteria help us
to behave 25 normally. Experiments
Illustration by Gaspirtz
Landscape
Painting
Empty Art believed that the Second Command-
If you had shown a landscape painting ment 5 prohibited religious images,
to a Renaissance connoisseur, he (they which were of course the painters and
tended to be men) would have found sculptors bread and butter6 until then. Winter Landscape with Skaters by H. Avercamp
it oddly1 empty, as if the artist forgot Of course, some work7 could be found
to include the subject of the painting. painting portraits, thanks to human- Dutch model and added more weather.
Indeed 2, our imaginary connoisseur isms new emphasis on the individual Landscape painting as we know it is in
would have viewed the picture much but even so, Northern Europe was a fact largely11 weather painting. North-
like3 some people still see colour-field bad place to be as an artist following ern Europe doesnt offer much in the
abstract painting of the 20th Century. the emergence of Protestantism. way of staggering12 scenery13. What we
Painted landscapes existed before do have14 is weather. Why is weather
the 17th Century but they were almost The Pathetic Fallacy so important?, you ask. Because of the
exclusively in the background4 . Ironi- The Low Countries 8 were the first to pathetic fallacy: the idea that inani-
cally, religion changed all that. develop the possibility of landscape mate things in this case the weather
paintings sans saint in the fore- reflect our emotions. In other words
A New Religion ground 9 . The new landschappen 10 why15 its always raining when people
The Reformation was potentially a emerged partly as an expression of are melancholy16 in movies. People
catastrophe for art. The Protestants Dutch nationalism. The British took the began to buy landscapes because they
1
oddly strangely, surprisingly most of ones income 12
staggering sublime, astonishing
2
indeed (emphatic) in fact 7
some work a few jobs 13
scenery (false friend) landscape, countryside,
3
much like in a similar way to that in which 8
the Low Countries Belgium, the Netherlands, terrain
4
and not painted by the master painter but Flanders and Luxembourg 14
do have (emphatic) have
by his apprentices 9
in the foreground in the front of the picture, 15
why (in this context) it is the reason why
5
commandment one of 10 orders given by closest to the viewer according to the perspective 16
melancholy (adj.) sad, lugubrious,
God to Moses. N 2 prohibits the adoration 10
the English word landscape comes from depressed. Notice that although melan-
of images the Dutch landschap cholic exists we prefer to use melancholy
6
ones bread and butter work that generates 11
largely primarily, principally as an adjective (except in literary contexts)
Ferment in the
just16 rivalry can determine who first
gets a new idea published, and, if a
referee12 is thinking along similar
Creative World
lines17, she or he is able to manipulate
the length of time the pre-publication
process takes.
At the same time those administer-
ing the journals, aware1 that authors
by Prof. Raoul Franklin are themselves evaluating the length of
time a particular journal5 takes, have
Most readers of Think will be aware1 of the problems that the music resorted to making18 the refereeing
industry is having over piracy and the use of copyright law to try to process a box-ticking19 exercise when
prevent2 it. There are also problems arising from3 the ability of writers such a method of evaluation is contrary
on almost any subject to publish their work, or thoughts, without having to proper scholarship20.
to involve a commercial publisher. Now there is a debate emerging which This has resulted in a conflict situ-
concerns4 the academic and scientific world. ation. Referees are, in general, not
paid or otherwise rewarded21 for their
The Journal5 Jungle submission11. The article is then sent expertise, time and effort; nor can they
Usually these scholarly6 publica- to one or more reviewer or referee12 for be held accountable22 . Indeed23, they
tions are called journals, and articles comment on the quality of the work. carry out 24 their work anonymously.
published in them are subject to peer Most of the time this process has Most journals have in place a method
review7. That is, an author or authors worked quite well because the commu- of appeal 25, but that does not always
submit8 a manuscript to the journal5. nity has been a closed one. But it has work to the satisfaction of all parties
Nowadays 9 the journal prescribes been subject to abuses because of the concerned26.
the format and, as a result, all of what credit given to primacy13. That is, who But the problem has become more
used to be in-house work10 for the first came up with14 a new idea or way widespread 27 because avaricious
journal is done by the author before of looking at things. So jealousy15 or publishers have put up the prices of
1
to be aware be conscious 11
submission (in this context) the presenting of 20
proper scholarship real erudition, academic
2
to prevent stop the manuscript to the journal5 standards
3
arising from resulting from 12
referee adjudicator, arbitrator, arbiter, 21
to reward recompense, remunerate
4
to concern (in this context) relate to judge 22
to hold s.o. accountable (hold-held-held)
5
journal academic magazine 13
primacy being first consider s.o. responsible
6
scholarly erudite, academic 14
to come up with (come-came-come) think 23
indeed (emphatic) in fact
7
peer review constructive criticism from other up, invent, formulate 24
to carry out perform, do
academics 15
jealousy (in this context) envy 25
appeal complaint, re-examination, recon-
8
to submit present, propose 16
just (in this context) simply sideration
9
nowadays these days 17
along similar lines in a similar way 26
concerned in question, involved
10
in-house work work done by employees of 18
to resort to making start to make 27
widespread generalized
the journal5 19
box-ticking
terattack
32
to withdraw ones labour (-draw/-drew/- between 11.00am and 16.00pm GMT. From
drawn) (in this context) stop offering ones
services Students who contact us will be allowed to ask
48 the first
33
to put a strain on (put-put-put) create the teacher ONE grammar question at a time. This 100 Chinese
34
difficulties for
pool reserve, supply, stock service can be followed on Twitter where regularly students joining
35
36
able capable
to lead to (lead-led-led) result in
returning questions are answered in short texts. If Backuplines on
37
to recruit enlist, employ, use
you join our Twitter community, you will receive Twitter we will
38
39
to threaten be imminent
to get rid of (get-got-got) eliminate
a daily grammar tip49 or EDUpill for FREE! draw 51 a prize
says Willem Koper, director of the company.
40
paper thesis, work, dissertation, treatise
Surely GOOD news in times of crisis.
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thus in this way
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chances probabilities, opportunities
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stumbling block obstacle that impedes Calle Lope de Vega, 62 Twitter: @backuplines
progress - Barcelona Facebook: Backuplines
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career (false friend) professional trajectory
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to be allowed to be permitted to
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tip recommendation, suggestion (Tlf.) 93 266 40 39 Member of AEFOL50
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make an arbitray selection
Christian Slater:
One Life to Live in 1976. The same year
seven-year-old Christians parents14
got divorced, which was understand-
concluded. After that he enrolled with He was sentenced to 10 days in jail. In violent argument in a Las Vegas hotel
New Yorks Professional Childrens 1994, he was arrested when he tried to Ryan threw a glass bottle at Christian,
School. At the age of 15 he was work- board a passenger plane with a gun which struck39 him on the neck causing
ing almost full-time in Hollywood so in his luggage; he was sentenced to a significant gash40. Ryan was arrested.
the next logical step was to move out26 community service. In 1997, Slater The tempestuous couple formally sepa-
to California permanently, which he was convicted of assaulting his girl- rated in 2005 and got divorced in 2007.
did. The film that gave Christian his friend, Michelle Jonas, and a police
breakthrough role27 was The Name of officer while under the influence of A Quiet Man at Last?
the Rose (1986); he was just 16 during drugs and alcohol. He spent over 100 The first decade of this century saw
the shoot 28. For the next decade the days in a rehabilitation centre while Christian in a string41 of forgettable
world was Christians oyster 29. He out on bail32 and then was sentenced to crazy psychopath roles on screen.
starred in blockbusters such as Robin a three-month term in jail followed by However, meanwhile he was garner-
Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991), True three more months in rehab. May 24, ing stage accolades 42 for his work
Romance (1993), Interview with the 2005, Slater was arrested in Manhattan, in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest in
Vampire (1994) as well as cult teen after he allegedly33 sexually harassed34 Britain in 2004 and in The Glass Menag-
movies like Heathers (1989). a woman on the street.35 erie in 2005 in New York. Some of the
Meanwhile36, in 2000 Slater married undoubted acting ability that he has
Very Bad Things Ryan Haddon and they have two chil- managed so effectively to conceal43
However, success at such a young age dren. However, any idea that Christian in a score of44 movies over the last
led almost inevitably to30 substance had now settled down to37 domesticity decade revealed itself almost by
abuse31. As early as 1989, Slater was vanished when the couple made the chance in He Was a Quiet Man (2007).
arrested for drunk driving and assault. tabloid headlines38 in 2003. During a With focus Christian Slater could still
fulfill the potential of the teenager
26
to move out transfer, go 34
to harass molest who played the novice in The Name
27
breakthrough role acting job through which 35
Slater denied the accusation
s.o. becomes known to the general public 36
meanwhile at the same time of the Rose. Unfortunately, judging by
28
shoot (n.) filming 37
to settle down to become more tranquil in his choices since he made Quiet Man, I
29
the world was s.os oyster s.o. was in a 38
to make the tabloid headlines (make-made-
position to take advantage of everything life made) appear in sensationalist newspapers
wouldnt hold out too much hope.
has to offer 39
to strike (strike-struck-struck) hit
30
to lead to (lead-led-led) result in 40
gash deep cut Related Resources
31
substance abuse abuse of narcotics and/ 41
string series, succession Slater has been arrested for diverse acts of
or alcohol 42
to garner stage accolades be congratu- seriously antisocial behaviour yet he has
32
to be out on bail be free before a judicial lated in the theatre never stopped working or been ostracized by
N Hollywood. His co-star on Heathers, Winona
process 43
to conceal hide, camouflage
Ryder, stole a dress and ruined her career.
33
allegedly supposedly 44
a score of approximately 20 Are Hollywood and society incurably sexist?
English:
can learn the language of tomorrow? the two western-Germanic languages are closely related.10
Transitory Language
Of course, every generation has its slang and its buzzwords23
but these come and go. People use their generational argot so
that they wont be understood by parents24, teachers or police
officers but they also have to be able to speak the standard
1
largely primarily, principally frightful, horrible, horrendous 13
that fact alone suggests that 19
curriculum syllabus,
2
CE Common Era, AD (= anno (all synonyms given in the New English does not come directly programme of studies
Domini) Oxford Thesaurus [2000]) from Anglo-Saxon 20
besides whats more, moreover
3
topic (false friend) theme, question 8
statement (in this context) 14
to factor in take into consid- 21
the effect on local varieties
4
= Beowulf is my name declarative phrase eration (dialects) of this has been
5
to wash away gradually elimi- 9
actually (false friend) in fact 15
steadily at a constant rate devastating
nate 10
see Think 106, pp. 24-25 (= speed) 22
indeed (emphatic) in fact
6
ghastly horrible, frightful, 11
undeniably unquestionably 16
over during 23
buzzword fashionable words
horrendous 12
instead of rather than, as 17
say (in this context) for example 24
parents (false friend) mothers
7
grim dreadful, ghastly, opposed to 18
see Think 47 and fathers
Related Resources
Change You Can Count On Will the critical mass of English mean that it is still a major language in a
The analogy of saying that English in 1,000 years time would W thousand years time or will it have been replaced by another language?
Do languages evolve quickly or slowly in the modern world?
look as foreign31 to us as Beowulf is clearly false. There will,
however, be changes. What are they likely to be?
Ways of Speaking
& Laughing
On our community page ( Think in English
magazine) Cristian Dopazo asked for an article
explaining the different ways of speaking and laugh-
ing with accompanying audio. Well, here it is:
Is it Something I Said? plead: beg5:
state: declare, announce. The idea e.g.Please give me another chance 6! Photo by Isabel Rodriguez
here is that you are saying something he pleaded.
clearly, loudly enough1 for every- complain: protest, moan, bleat7: Literally, lions and bears11 roar.
one present to hear. In most cases e.g.Theres no hot water and the TV
what is stated is said in some official doesnt work, she complained. Stage Whispers
capacity2: whisper: murmur. Say in a quiet voice
e.g.The country is now officially in reces- Pump Up8 the Volume so that only the intended12 person or
sion, he stated. The general verb for speaking at great people can hear you:
remark: mention, comment. What is volume is shout. e.g.Dont tell anyone I told you, she
said is said informally to provide extra scream: yell, bawl, shriek. The main9 whispered.
information: idea here is that volume is combined In the theatre it is sometimes impor-
e.g.You havent said much, he remarked. with hysteria: tant to seem to be saying something
claim: assert3, contend4, allege. Here e.g.Get out of my life! she screamed. privately but at the same time the audi-
the idea is that the speaker is simply roar: bellow10, holler. The idea is ence has to hear what you are saying. In
communicating what was said but is similar to the previous one but with this situation actors use a type of loud
not confirming that it is true: a deeper more masculine voice: whisper known as a stage whisper.
e.g.I was late because my car broke e.g.How dare you speak to me like that! People in general use a similar voice
down, she claimed. he roared. to suggest that they are trying not to
1
loudly enough with sufficient volume 5
to beg (in this context) implore 10
to bellow (literally) make a
2
capacity (in this context) role, function 6
chance opportunity loud sound like a bull; (in this
3
to assert declare, maintain, contend, argue, 7
to bleat (literally) make a pathetic sound like context) roar, shout, bawl, thun-
postulate, insist a sheep der, boom
4
to contend maintain, affirm, insist, state, 8
to pump up (informal) increase 11
bear
declare, allege 9
main primary, principal 12
intended desired
Can Phonics be
Used for TEFL?
O
ver the past decade or so there spelling and pronunciation is, shall we
has been something of a revolu- say, indirect.
tion in the way reading is taught With Government support8 phonics
to children in Britain. In the world of UK now has the ascendancy9 in British
primary-school teaching the synthetic schools. In other words British children
phonics1 has become a battle cry2. For are encouraged4 to decode5 words into
many decades there has been a raging3 smaller parts to try to work out10 their
debate between those who believe that pronunciation. Surprisingly, this is even
children should recognize whole words done with made-up11 words like clursty
and those who believe that children to ensure that the children are using
should be encouraged 4 to decode 5 their phonic decoding skills12 rather
words by spelling them out. In phonetic than13 recognizing words they already
languages like Spanish, Italian or German know. Most phonic systems also include
this is a no-brainer6 because broadly sight words14, which resist decoding
speaking7 d-o-g spells dog. However, as and should be recognized as a single Photo by Bridget Franklin Kite
you might have noticed, for most words unit. As I listened to teachers explaining
in English the relationship between the concept of phonics on BBC Radio 4s Womens Hour I thought to myself,
What are the implications of all of this
for TEFL15?
A search on the Internet found little.
Only Tom Way, who teaches English in
Indonesia, seems to have written anything
(as he says, I cant find any really repu-
table articles on [phonics for TEFL]). Mr
Way is pretty16 negative about phonics
for TEFL. One reason he states17 is that
learners dont have as large18 a bank19
of oral language as native speakers do.
However, there are two reasons why this
argument is flawed20. First, phonics starts
being taught in Britain to four-year-olds;
not a group usually acknowledged as
having a large18 bank19 of oral language.
Secondly and more importantly, as weve
already mentioned, phonics is taught to
native-language primary school learners
partly through made-up11 words. If thats
the case then no bank or oral language
Photo by Marina Carresi Queue-cue is necessary.
1
synthetic phonics the teaching of combina- 7
broadly speaking in general, more or less 14
see the box What are Sight Words?
tions of letters and how they relate to sounds 8
support backing, approval 15
TEFL teaching English as a foreign
2
battle cry slogan, watchword, mantra 9
to have the ascendancy (have-had-had) be language
3
raging intense dominant, be hegemonic 16
pretty (adv.) rather, surprisingly
4
to encourage stimulate, prompt, urge 10
to work out determine 17
to state say, give
5
to decode decipher, decrypt 11
made-up invented 18
large (false friend) big
6
no-brainer sth. that is obvious and requires 12
skills abilities, talents 19
bank (in this context) reserve
no mental effort 13
rather than instead of, as opposed to 20
flawed defective, spurious
The Lie of
the Land
Heres a selection of expressions
that refer to landscape and terrain.
a blot on the landscape
= an eyesore1, sth. ugly that spoils2 the appearance of a place: Photo by Marina Carresi As old as the hills.
e.g.That power station is a real blot on the landscape. Who would
ever think of putting a power plant in such a beautiful valley? to get the lie of the land [get-got-got]
to see how/the way the land lies [see-saw-seen]
the cultural landscape = try to discover what the situation really is before taking a
= the cultural panorama: decision:
e.g.The cultural landscape is pretty3 desolate in times of recession. e.g.I havent decided yet. I need to see how the land lies.
A related idea is a cultural desert, which describes a place
in which little or no intellectually stimulating entertainment as old/ancient as the hills5
is on offer. = very old. Since the Bible hills have been alluded to in meta-
phors referring to permanence:
thats how/the way the land lies e.g.This computer is as old as the hills. We need to get a new one.
= thats the current situation:
e.g.Im sorry if I havent been very encouraging4 but thats the to be over the hill
way the land lies. = be past ones best, be on the decline:
e.g.In a sport like that youre over the hill at 30.
You cant see the wood for the trees (UK English)
You cant see the forest for the trees (US English)
= you are so focused on details that you fail to see the big
picture6:
e.g.How can you plan the long-term strategy if you are running7
the company on a day-to-day basis? You cant see the wood
for the trees.
The Position
of Adverbs
The fundamental rule about adverbs and e.g. They are carefully checking the records.
word order is: e.g. The number of bacterial species has yet
to be4 adequately calculated.
Dont put the adverb between e.g. Have they correctly interpreted the
the verb and its object if they situation?
appear together. e.g. She was slowly stirring5 her coffee.
Photo by Leonardo L. Carresi provided by CEDEM
Nevertheless, in all these cases the adverb
Adverbs of manner1 come after the verb: could also go at the end of the sentence.
e.g. The choir2 sang beautifully. infinitive (to gradually sell) but there
or after the object (if there is one): Adjective-Noun Equivalents is nowhere else to put the adverb while
e.g. The choir sang the aria beautifully. So, which is better: the adverb within6 retaining the meaning.
e.g. He wrote his essay carefully. the verbal structure or at the end? This e.g. I gradually decided to sell... or I decided
It would be wrong to put the adverb is often a question of taste but, accord- gradually to sell...
between the verb and the object: ing to one view, if the adverb + the verb both means that the decision was gradual.
e.g. The choir sang beautifully the aria. naturally suggest an adjective and a noun e.g. ...to sell gradually all the books...
e.g. He wrote carefully his essay. they should be next to each other: sounds unnatural because we are putting
e.g. The reconstruction process has virtu- the adverb between the verb and its
However, if there is a preposition between ally been completed. object13.
the verb and the object, the adverb can - implies virtual completion. e.g. ...to sell all the books gradually I had
go between the verb and the preposition: e.g. The boss said he was seriously consid- collected.
e.g. He depended totally on his daughter. (or ering my proposal7. sounds even worse. Finally,
He depended on his daughter totally.) - implies serious consideration. e.g. ...all the books I had collected
gradually.
Complex Verb Forms The Split Infinitive suggests that the books were gradually
When the verb consists of two or more In the past people made a big deal collected (and they probably were but
pieces (i.e. auxiliary verb(s) + main 3 about8 not putting the adverb between thats a different idea from the original
verb) we can put an adverb after the first to and the verb (e.g. to boldly9 go. sentence).
element: This crime10 was called splitting11 the
infinitive. The reason why a split infini- Have To, Need To, Ought To,
Photo by Karine Koehler
Well and Very Much last night usually come at the end of the Concluding Remarks
A common problem for EFL16 learn- sentence (though they can come at the The information given here is just
ers arises17 with well. Some European beginning for emphasis): a starting-point. There are many
languages tend to use a word order e.g. Ive got a lot of work today. (or Today more irritating little rules for specific
equivalent to: Ive got a lot of work.) adverbs, which you just21 have to pick
e.g. You speak well English. up22 by reading, listening to and using
e.g. She wrote well French but she spoke Adverbs of Indefinite Time English. However, most of the time the
it badly. Adverbs like often, never, seldom18 and incorrect positioning of an adverb may
This word order is wrong in English. The rarely come before the main3 verb: sound foreign23 but it shouldnt stop
adverb well comes after the object: e.g. Mary-Anne always arrives late to you being understood.
e.g. You speak English well. rehearsals19. Moreover, there is some evidence
e.g. She wrote French well. e.g. He has occasionally seen bears20 in that the rules are becoming more
The same is true of very much those mountains. relaxed. For instance24, once25 it was
e.g. She likes very much animals. e.g. Those Minoan texts have never been necessary to put also with the verb in
e.g. He likes animals very much. deciphered. the middle of the sentence. Now many
However, adverbs come after the verb young native speakers and appar-
Adverbs of Definite Time be: ently all Australians are incapable of
Adverbs like yesterday, tomorrow or e.g. Mary-Anne is always late for rehearsals. following this rule.
16
EFL English as a foreign language 21
just (in this context) simply Related Resources
17
to arise (arise-arose-arisen) appear, emerge 22
to pick up (in this context) acquire, absorb
18
seldom rarely, only occasionally 23
foreign (in this context) unnatural
Life is too short to worry about word
19
rehearsal practice session (for 24
for instance for example order so long as native speakers
C
musicians or actors) 25
once in the past understand me do you agree?
20
bear
Am I My
Brothers
-Keeper?
Keep has been around in English for over a thousand years and is related
to the Anglo-Saxon verb cepan-cepte. Over the centuries it has meant
hold, watch, take care of and preserve among other things. A keep
was the donjon1 of a castle, while a keepsake is a souvenir kept for the
sake of2 remembering the giver. However, our interest in this article is
the agent noun keeper and compound nouns formed from it. It must be lonely being a lighthouse-keeper.
Hes a Keeper
Keeper on its own is used in a number Sporting -keepers
of ways. If someone says Hes a keeper As regards10 compound nouns ending
or Shes a keeper this often means that in -keeper, goalkeeper is probably
the person is worth keeping3. In other the word you are most likely to11 come
words if a mother says to her adult daugh- across12. However, the world of sport also
ter, Johns a keeper this means John offers us wicketkeeper in cricket. The
is worth marrying, You should marry roles of these two players are in fact radi-
John. However, in the context of football, cally different. The goalkeeper is there
keeper is just4 a more colloquial way of to protect the goal to stop points being
saying goalkeeper5. Its slightly6 more scored, while the wicketkeeper tries to
formal than goalie: catch the ball and, if the batsman13 is not
e.g. Johns been our keeper for two years in the crease14, knock over15 the wicket16
now. to eliminate him.
Meanwhile7, the expression, Am I my
brothers keeper? is a way of disclaiming8 Animal -keepers
responsibility for someone you are closely In the context of animals -keepers are
associated with. It comes from the Bible custodians who care for the animal in
(Genesis, IV, 9) and was Cains answer to question. A beekeeper is someone who
God, when he was asked where Abel was. looks after bees in their hives17 in order to
Finally, the expression finders-keepers is collect honey. A zookeeper is someone
a way of claiming9 that if you have found who takes care of zoo animals. Some-
Photo by Spike Call something which didnt have an obvious times we have more specialist -keepers
UN peacekeepers
owner, it is yours because you found it first. in a zoo, such as a lion keeper. However,
1
donjon central citadel 7
meanwhile at the same time 13
batsman
2
for the sake of for the purpose of 8
to disclaim deny, refuse to accept, reject 14
crease (in cricket) the
3
is worth keeping should be 9
to claim declare, say designated area around the
retained 10
as regards in relation to, in terms of wicket16
4
just (in this context) only, simply 11
to be most likely to have the greatest prob- 15
to knock over
5
goalkeeper ability of (+ -ing) topple, demolish
6
slightly margin- 12
to come across (come-came-come) encoun- 16
wicket
ally, a little ter 17
(bee)hive
Custodians of Buildings
Compound nouns ending -keeper often
refer to a person who is the custodian
of a building. So, for example a light-
house20 -keeper lives in and maintains a
lighthouse20, while a housekeeper looks
after the general running21 of a home.
-keeper = Manager
In the context of places that sell goods22
and services a -keeper is often simply a
manager. For instance, a shopkeeper is
someone who manages23 a shop (British
English), while a storekeeper manages
a store (US English). Likewise 24 , an
innkeeper is somebody who manages23
an inn25. US English also has barkeeper as Photo by Marina Carresi Park keepers or groundskeepers/groundkeepers
an alternative to barman or bartender.
term is groundskeeper/groundkeeper: Last But Not Least
Open-air -keepers someone who takes care of a tract28 of Finally, you should know several other
Not all -keepers work indoors26, though. land, sports fields or a park. Following this kinds of -keepers.
A gamekeeper is someone who manages model, a greenkeeper in somebody who A bookkeeper is an accountant33,
and takes care of animals which are going cares for a golf course. Such a person is a someone who looks after a compa-
to be hunted27 (on a game reserve). Simi- greenskeeper in US English. nys account books.
larly, a park keeper looks after the plants A peacekeeper keeps the peace
and animals in a park. A more general Controlling Access between two conflicting groups.
Sometimes -keepers are the people who Peacekeepers are often soldiers
control access to a building or person. A employed by the United Nations.
doorkeeper, for instance29, is the person On the other hand, a timekeeper
who guards the access to a building and is someone who officially records34
decides who can enter and who cant. A how long something takes.
gatekeeper has a similar job, except that However, if we describe someone
he or she controls access into an open-air as a good/bad timekeeper this
area by guarding the gate30. Metaphori- simply means that he or she is
cally, a gatekeeper is also somebody who punctual or unpunctual.
controls access to an important person by e.g.Diane is an excellent timekeeper.
filtering telephone calls and only permit- Everyday shes there sitting at her desk
ting access to the VIPs office if the visitor when I arrive at 9.00 each morning.
has an appointment31.
Indirectly related is the term lock- Related Resources
keeper. This is someone that lives near
Which of these jobs or activities most
Photo by Marina Carresi A zookeeper a lock 32 in a canal and who opens and L appeal to you? Which least?
closes it when required for canal boats.
18
crow (Corvus 22
goods products 30
gate
corone) 23
to manage sth. run sth., be in charge of 31
appointment pre-arranged
19
to scare sth. 24
likewise in a similar way meeting
away frighten 25
inn tavern (usually with several bedrooms) 32
lock type of valve in a canal that
sth. off, chase sth. 26
indoors inside buildings permits the level of water to change
away 27
to hunt kill for sport 33
accountant s.o. who writes down and super-
20
lighthouse 28
tract area, expanse vises the expenditure and income of a company
21
running management 29
for instance for example 34
to record (in this context) register, write down
Error Detectives
Can you improve the English on these labels1?
1. IGIENE & PRIVACY2 3. Suggested Preparation
Clear Cat3 - Defrost11 the arepa12 into13 the microwave over14 45 seconds.
- sticker4 on the side of a cat-litter tray5. - To warm up15 the grill, frying pan16 of teflon17 or irons18
to fire higher toasting19 furnace20 to 230C/450F.
Photo by Marina Carresi
1
label tag, piece of paper or plastic attached 7
punctuation: this phrase could be better 15
wrong tense: use the imperative for instruc-
to a product that offers information about the punctuated tions
product 8
wrong word: to realize means to become 16
frying pan
2
misspelling: one of the words is misspelt conscious. We need a different verb. 17
unnatural word order
3
wrong word: clear can imply that something is 9
unnatural expression: native speakers would 18
wrong word
intelligible, obvious or transparent. None of never write in full respect of 19
meaningless phrase
these meanings seems relevant to the context. 10
wrong word: together with makes little sense 20
wrong word: we dont talk about a furnace in
They probably intended to use a similar word here a kitchen
which? 11
to defrost thaw, increase the temperature of 21
during is not wrong; we would say during the
4
sticker adhesive label1 food to > 0C 17th Century. However, by making the time
5
cat-litter tray container for the absorbent 12
non-translation: somewhere on the package it period more specific the late 17th Century
granular material in which domestic cats should explain what an arepa is in sounds a little more natural.
urinate and defecate 13
wrong preposition: into implies movement. 22
griddle pan type of round metal plate used
6
wrong form: we need the adjectival form of 14
wrong preposition: over with time means like a frying pan16 but with little or no oil
Venice more than
Crossword
1
11 00
2
00
3
12
4 5 6 00
00
00
13
7
14
8
15
9
00
10
Across
1. precision, exactness
3. lively, dynamic; risqu, sexy
7. fragment, bit; fight. Anagram of carps
8. excrement; nonsense
9. knock (n.); reprimand; type of music
00 16 17 18 00 19 20 21 22 12. on one occasion; in the past. Anagram of cone
13. pain. Anagram of each
16. groan, complain
23 24 00 00 25 18. indefinite article
19. breed of dog. A region of Canada
22. conjunction. Homophone of 12 DOWN
00 26 00 00 00 27 28 00 29 30 23. matchless, superlative
26. same as 22 ACROSS
27. Radar and Electronics Association (initialism)
29. cinerary particles, type of tree
31 32 33 00 34 00 00 35 36 31. monopolies (n.); relies on
32. oxidizes
34. therefore. Homophone of sew
00 37 00 38 00 39 40 00 41 42 35. expanse of salt water. Homophone of C
37. same as 18 ACROSS
39. Royal Town Planning Institute (initialism)
43 00 44 45 46 00 47 48 49 40. 3.1415927
41. health farms with curative waters. Anagram of pass
42. since; arsenic (chemical abbreviation)
43. conjunction
50 51 00 52 53 00 54 55 00 00 44. electronic correspondence
45. post
47. yellowish-brown (UK spelling)
56 57 58 00 59 60 61 62 50. exists
52. mystery, conundrum
54. constricting snake
63 64 00 65 00 66 00 56. day of the month; romantic rendezvous, fruit
57. consumed food
59. adviser, consultant; therapist
61. same as 26 ACROSS
00 00 00 67 68 00 69 00 00 70 71 63. cicatrix
64. automobile
65. regulation; govern
72 00 73 74 00 75 76 77 78 79 66. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (abbreviation)
67. operational taxonomic unit (initialism)
69. hello
80 81 00 82 83 00 84 00 00 85 70. (I) exist in the morning?
73. condiment
75. (Lathyrus odoratus) a fragrant climbing plant; term of
endearment for a child (5, 3)
00 86 87
77. spherical green legume
80. subject pronoun
81. subject pronoun
82. affirmative adverb
84. possess. Anagram of won
85. same as 61 ACROSS
Down 28. same as 70 ACROSS meat 86. financial institution specializing in commercial loans
1. sum, quantity 29. tarmac 55. elderly, ancient and financing (10, 4)
2. amalgam, composite, building 30. scorch, scald. Anagram of 58. informal thank you. 87. edge, slope; financial institution
complex arse Homophone of tar
3. bellow. Homophone of raw
4. chronicles
32. pillage, plunder 60. preposition. Not here? think 146 solutions
33. at that time; next 62. comment. Correct again?
5. cubic centimetres (initialism) 34. impetus, incentive 65. gowns, ceremonial clothing M O B WO L V E R I N E T
6. shriek, bawl 36. auricular protrusion 68. you and me American? I R O E A G O C A R
7. shriek, bawl 38. female chicken 69. carved in stone. Anagram of
8. North African country 39. French stew when
S E A F A R I N G M O O S E
9. colour 40. aircraft. Homophone of 70. age, epoch (UK spelling) C A N R O T M A N I A
10. buy plain 71. stain, blemish; correct (v.) A V C A T U R N G A S
11. hill; horse 41. reprimand 72. same as 42 ACROSS R E H E A R S A L T E A O
12. paddle 43. a viral disease (initialism); 73. same as 38 DOWN
13. competent. Homophone and helps 74. cereal used for making bread R S N O C A R A V A N
anagram of Abel 45. germs, bugs and whiskey. Homophone I D G O P E A R E N A
14. dairy product; lotion 46. minor street, path of wry A R O S E G O R E T B
15. possessed; obtained 47. compliant, acquiescent 76. misery, sorrow. Homophone
17. paddles. Homophone of ores
G O V E R N O R S C H O O L
48. chilly, unfriendly of whoa
20. fixed-wing aircraft 49. stop 78. same as 70 (US spelling) E P I C A N T P O L I C E
(UK English) 51. bag (n.); dismiss (v.) 79. Noahs boat D N D R O O P Y R
21. advertisement (abbreviation) 52. ghostly, creepy 81. same as 69 ACROSS O H C O C O A U P A K
24. British monetary unit 53. inflammation of ones joints 83. saint, street (abbreviation)
25. pursue, hunt caused by eating too much 85. preposition activated?
F E T E A L I A S E S M E
F R O F L A T T E R M A Y
Picture
Description
& Exercise
track
12
Picture Description
Try to describe the two photographs
on this page. First, for each picture,
Photo by Marina Carresi
describe what you can see. What are the
people doing? Remember to describe
colours, textures, materials and spatial
relationships. Mention similarities and
contrasts between the two photos.
Finally, comment on your personal reac-
tion to what you can see.
Pair-work Practice
Describe another photograph from the magazine to a partner. Your partner can take notes and draw pictures but shouldnt see
the magazine. When you have finished, pass the magazine to your partner, who must then try to find the picture described.
Change roles.
Notice that you are not competing. Both of you win when the correct picture is found.
Related Resources
1
while at the same time as 3
to come across (come-came-come) encoun-
2
large-type in big letters ter Track 12
authentic
English! 1
to fox confuse
Download an illustrated version with larger Obama did in the car industry in America, the automo-
bile industry in America, very successfully and saved an
productive in the future.
SW: No, thats understood I think.
type at www.thinkinenglish.net entire industrial sector in the United States. To be fair25 EM: I mean27, there was a case during the French Revo-
I think George Bush II, or whatever hes called, started lution when to reduce unemployment they basically
Debate: the Economization of Modern that process and its exactly the opposite of what weve got hundreds of thousands of French citizens to move
Life (19m58s) been doing in Europe. a mountain literally, I mean27, to dig up46 a mountain
Commentary: Listen to these people talking about SW: And to what costs to the American government? and move a huge34 quantity of earth from one place to
the evolution of Homo economicus. EM: In the case of Obama none at all. They paid back 26 another. It didnt actually32 have any economic advan-
almost all the money; the car industry paid back the tage in doing that. Obviously if you build a road or build
1. Part 1: Two Schools of Thought (6m16s) money. So, I mean27, it was a very, very intelligent a new port or improve facilities47 in some sense for in
South-African Woman (SW): What I dont under- thing to do by on the part of those two American that sense then youre spending on productive capacity
stand in this particular financial crisis in which Europe presidents. in the future.
finds itself, well the whole world finds itself... Why do SW: Cos28 surely it makes more sense not to spend SW: Right.
some people advocate1 budget cuts2 and austerity what you havent got.
campaigns and other people says that does not stimu- EM: It depends because if I spend money on what you 2. Part 2: Banking Tsars (1m46s)
late the economy and what should happen is more do, yeah? AM: The other thing that Ive noticed recently it seems
expenditure by governments and more loans3 granted4 SW: Yeah. like governments, whether48 theyre conservative or
by banks? EM: Im going to give money to you and you are going to more socio-democratic leaning49, it seems like every-
American man (AM): I think basically there are two spend more money on what she does and shes gonna29 one is at the mercy of50 the markets, what the markets
different schools of thought of economists. I think those have more money and shes going to spend more are going to do. So, I think in some cases governments
that think that stimulation/government spending on money on what he does. And so that money multiplies end up doing51 not necessarily what they want but
investment or industry is the answer to kick-start5 and it creates an economic ripple30 that goes through- what they think needs to be done so the markets are
the economy and to get over6 or to get through7 out31 the economy and the economy grows. If the econ- happy. And so, therefore52, institutions and banking
the economic crisis. And whereas8 the other school omy grows; that means the state has more revenue21. institutions and banks loan53 money.
of thought is that you need to clean up do some SW: Well, then why are so many European countries EM: Yeah but what weve been seeing is that, certainly in
housecleaning9, clean up your budget10, make sure actually32 cutting33 budgets10 and having these huge34 the case of Europe, is that the markets will just42 decide
you have a low budget deficit and by doing that its austerity campaigns? Quite a few European countries to go for54 a particular country and theres almost noth-
their opinion is thats another way of getting them out are involved in that. ing that country can do however much it tries to cut
of the financial crisis. EM: My answer is: For ideological reasons but Ill back 55. I mean27, the case of Greece is the obvious one.
Englishman (EM): Youre still not happy. OK, for exam- let anybody35 else speak. If I mean27, you have a situ- Yknow56, and they will just42 they can torture and
ple, imagine a firm goes bust11, right? ation where a socio-democratic policy36 will tend to humiliate the majority of their population. It does abso-
SW: Uh huh. distribute income whereas37 a neo-classical economic lutely no good.
EM: What tends to happen12 when the firm goes bust11 solution in inverted commas38 will make the rich AM: But should we stand for57 that? I mean27, I think
is that in terms of dividing up their assets13 the Inland richer and the poor poorer. So there is an ideological thats ridiculous that we let the markets dictate.
Revenue14 will come in first and grab15 what they think interest in having those types of austerity solutions SW: It does seem to me in some respects that markets
theyre owed16 and then the workers will be paid and because that means that the people that right-wing39 thats a kind58 of word that I dont really understand, but
then another company will be the other companies, parties represent get richer and keeps the wage rate40 I understand the word banks. Big banks are as power-
like their customers17 or their suppliers18 will get19 down and keeps the rest of us poor. ful now as the feudal lords were and the tsars of Russia
whatever crumbs20 are left, if there are any left, probably SW: But thats more or less whats happening all over were in the time that they were powerful and it seems
arent. And that in itself is something which means that the world today, isnt it? I mean27, the rich are getting as though were pawns59 as to what they decide. Thats
problems of debt will be passed on to other companies richer and the poor are how it feels.
and you can have a process of a domino effect. One EM: Its a natural process of capitalism, yeah.
company closes and another company closes and etc. AM: But I think the problem with that is I mean27 if 3. Part 3: The Age of Accountants (2m47s)
SW: Right. the austerity measures are so severe that you destroy EM: Yeah. I mean27, I think its also a situation where you
EM: In that situation the government is reclaiming what the business in the country. I mean27, in effect, youre have allowed60 over61 the last 30 years accountants62
is theirs if you like taking away the revenue21. to take over, business corporations etc. etc. replacing
SW: Yes. EM: Of course. engineers and so people who are worried about short-
EM: but at the same time they are causing revenues21 AM: So, I mean27, if theyre doing that to help their term balance sheets63 rather than64 long-term produc-
that could be coming in22 in the future to be to not cronies41 in big business I dont think its a very intel- tivity and long-term efficiency are the people who are
exist because if that hole has been punched23 in one ligent idea. But running65 the economies of the world. I mean27, some-
company and passed on to other companies... means EM: I think the question theres also the question body like Mitt Romney, for example, is somebody who
that theyre not going to be getting the tax back from if youre talking about the government just42 spend- made hundreds of millions of dollars out of66 asset
those companies in the future. ing money for the sake of it 43 painting buildings stripping67, buying up companies, ripping them to
SW: So what they should do is bail out 24 a failing and doing sort of44 silly45 things, then thats not a pieces68 and selling off the bits.
company? good idea. It has to be you have to spending money AM: Downsizing69, yeah.
EM: That is one solution. That is, for example, what on an investment or something which is going to be EM: Now yknow56 his great claim to fame70, his
1
to advocate support, campaign for, recommend 24
to bail out rescue 50
to be at the mercy of be vulnerable to, be in the power of
2
budget cuts reduction of expenditure 25
fair just, honest 51
to end up doing do... in the end
3
loans money lent, credit 26
to pay back (pay-paid-paid) return 52
therefore for that reason
4
to grant (in this context) concede 27
I mean (pause filler) yknow, like, sort of, kind of 53
to loan lend, offer as credit
5
to kick-start activate, energize 28
cos (slang) because 54
to go for (go-went-gone) attack
6
to get over (get-got-got) get past, survive 29
gonna (slang) going to 55
to cut back (cut-cut-cut) reduce expenditure
7
to get through (get-got-got) survive, weather (v.) 30
ripple wave, sequential effect 56
yknow (pause filler) I mean, sort of, kind of, like
8
whereas while, although 31
throughout through all of 57
to stand for (stand-stood-stood) tolerate, accept
9
to do some housecleaning (do-did-done) put ones house 32
actually (false friend) in fact 58
kind sort, type
in order, tidy up 33
to cut (cut-cut-cut) (in this context) reduce 59
pawn puppet, s.o. whose opinion is not considered
10
budget planned expenditure, the quantity of money you 34
huge enormous, great 60
you have allowed one has permitted
plan to spend 35
it should be somebody 61
over during
11
to go bust (go-went-gone) become bankrupt 36
policy strategy, programme, plan 62
accountant bookkeeper, financial expert
12
tends to happen usually occurs 37
whereas (in this context) by contrast, while 63
balance sheet document comparing what a company has
13
assets property 38
inverted commas speech marks earned and what it has spent
14
the Inland Revenue the fiscal authorities, the tax collector 39
right-wing conservative, reactionary 64
rather than instead of, as opposed to
15
to grab take, snatch, seize 40
the wage rate the quantity of money that is paid to a typical 65
to run sth. (run-ran-run) manage, control
16
to be owed should be paid worker 66
out of from
17
customer client 41
crony friend, associate, confederate 67
asset stripping the practice of buying a company cheaply
18
supplier company that provides components or products 42
just (in this context) simply when it is in difficulties and then selling all the things it owns
that another company sells 43
for the sake of it with no other purpose than the action itself in order to make a quick profit
19
to get (get-got-got) receive, be given 44
sort of (pause filler) kind of, yknow, like, I mean 68
to rip sth. to pieces break sth. up
20
crumbs scraps, vestiges 45
silly ridiculous, stupid 69
downsizing a euphemism for significantly reducing the
21
revenue income, earnings 46
to dig up (dig-dug-dug) excavate number of employees in a company in order to make it more
22
could be coming in they could be receiving 47
facilities amenities, services, infrastructure profitable
23
to punch a hole in a company turn a companys potential 48
whether irrespective of whether (= if) 70
claim to fame reason for being famous, selling point,
revenue into bad debt 49
leaning in their political perspective supposed advantage
great sort of44 economic thing is that he balanced AW: Yeah. Cos28 I mean 27 people say OK AW: Well, it looks like whats going to happen though.
the budget71 in Massachusetts. Yknow56, wonder- yknow56 its all about boom and bust82, but really SW: It sounds really dismal103.
ful, hey ho! But if the only way you know how to make I mean27 as you were saying this sort of44 rational EM: I mean27, again there may also be an element to
money is by ruining industry, ruining real productive type of economics its not. Its the economics that we which the West as we know it is giving way to104 other
power in your country. Well, Im not American, but I have in a democratic society that actually32 make for88 producers, especially in Asia and to some extent 84
wouldnt want you as a president. I mean27, the biggest booms and busts82. in South America and so we are an economy on the
problem with the other point of view, the Keynesian EM: But I mean27 theres also that sort80 of cyni- decline like whatever late Rome or the Ottoman
point of view is that it requires government when the cal comment that economics is very bad at predict- Empire.
economy is taking off72, when the economy is boom- ing, especially about the future in the sense that AW: Yeah, I think thats very true actually32, yeah.
ing73 to be doing some of the austerity thing, getting yknow56 every time that any type of economics EM: So, maybe
yknow56 paying off its debts etc. etc. and theres tries to predict whats going to happen in the future SW: Thats not much more optimistic!
obviously a huge34 temptation democratically to say, I mean27, obviously if you consult 12 economists its EM: We need to
Oh, the economys going wonderfully. Well keep quite its possible the other alternative will happen AW: No, its probably less optimistic, in fact, with the
spending some money and theres more tax money but youll get 12 different answers. with the other analysis there was at least going to be
coming in and well use that tax money to spend on lots AW: True. light at the end of the tunnel one day. With this idea
of things because we imagine the economy is going to EM: Its quite possible that one of those will be correct. none really!
grow indefinitely. But in terms of getting things right about predicting EM: But again because of the whole connectivity of
Australian woman (AW): Well, thats one of the the future using the economic models that exist, the thing its so much more difficult to keep one part
problems here, isnt it? I mean27, thats exactly what economics is a complete disaster. of the world economy yknow56 bubbling over105
happened, you know? And thats kind of74 human AW: Yeah, true. well while yknow56 the rest of us are going into
nature. For me for people not to be thinking of auster- EM: I mean27, even sort of44 weird89, wacky90 things states of austerity etc.
ity measures and being sensible75 with money when like sociology which doesnt have a great deal of91 AW: Yeah, with globalization nowadays101 thats just42
theres lot of it or they think theres lots of it even theoretical underpinning92 can be more successful not possible any longer.
though it was just76 credit anyhow77 and sort of44 than economics. I mean27, its a complete disaster. EM: But erm yeah, its a dismal103 science economics.
not necessarily very sustainable. But, yeah, thats what Yknow56, I say that having studied it. AM: Uh huh.
tends to happen. SW: That makes us all victims of society completely AW: Yeah.
EM: Big credit bubbles78. without any room93 to manoeuvre. Were just42 going AM: And I think as long as106 we have credit, as long as
AW: Uh huh. to be swayed with the tide of94 one economist or credit is offered and we continue with the capitalistic
EM: But, I mean27, you again I think theres a prob- another. society or system I think we are condemned to the
lem with saying, Now why do we let the markets do EM: But or boom-bust cycle.
these things? because the alternative is this sort of44 AW: But then society is people so to say that were all AW: Yeah, yeah, I agree with that too.
phantom called socialism which the immense major- just42 victims. I mean27
ity of the Western world have been taught to reject EM: Yeah, but I in terms of seeing what Merkel etc. 5. Part 5: Ignorance is This (3m52s)
as a knee-jerk79 reaction. I mean27 if, for example, in are doing now in Europe for me is very, very reminis- AM: And I just42 think because the majority of people,
America the healthcare plan is considered some sort80 cent of95 Mrs. Thatcher. at least in the US, dont fully understand the economy
of yknow56 socialist imposition its AW: True. or economics in general and weve seen over the last
AW: Yeah. EM: You actually 32 hear people around Europe 10 years people
AM: Oh, yeah, definitely. saying, T.I.N.A. there is no alternative in different EM: But the majority of economists dont understand
EM: then any other understanding of the economy languages obviously. And yknow56 that was totally economics!
is like completely out of the question. Yknow56, for her phrase. There is no alternative. We have to do AM: Yeah, but I think they understand the basics.
example, in Europe that sort 80 of healthcare plan is this because we have to this because thats what the AW: It doesnt help much though, does it?
accepted even if grudgingly81 by all the right-wing39 economy requires and there is no other way of doing EM: But if understanding it means that you know what
parties. things and you just42 have to accept it and yknow56, is going to happen if X, Y and Z are put in place107, they
just42, sort of44 yknow56 keep your head down96 dont. They quite clearly dont.
4. Part 4: The Boom-Bust Cycle (5m17s) sort 80 of thing. And the huge34 period of growth in AM: I dont buy that108. Perhaps they know. Like take,
AW: But what about boom and bust82? Are we always Britain was after her period when different policies36 for example, subprime mortgages109. There were
doomed to boom and bust?
83
were in place97, largely98 based again, as we were banks giving these loans110 for houses to families that
EM: I think thats part of the combination of three saying on a credit bubble78 etc. etc. private credit Im sure they had a good idea that five or 10 years down
factors: human nature, that you mentioned, democracy etc. I mean27, theres... especially if you have a situation the road111 that they would have problems
and the other thing capitalism. I mean27, in the sense where large99 sectors of the world or a whole economic AW: Im sure they had more than a good idea.
that to some extent84 its possible maybe to if you union like the European Union are going for austerity, it AM: paying for these mortgages.
have people who really have some basic understand- just42 sort of44 so youre just42, sort of44, yknow56 EM: Right.
ing of economics and its completely rationalistic, an circling the plughole100. Its going lower and lower AM: So they sold these on to other banks and these
amoral motor you can keeps things as they have been and lower until you have a minimal level of activity banks had these mortgages insured and whatnot112.
doing in China without that bust85. But you cant do because the state has to pay the police and things like So, they knew enough, they understood the system
that with democracy because theres86 always going that. And then obviously from that minimum you can enough to know how to make money out of66 it,
to be more people going, me, me, me, me, me. And start having growth again. whether113 it was moral or not thats another question.
thats the huge34 problem with Keynesianism that it AW: Yeah. But they know more than your typical114
doesnt fit 87 very easily into democracy, whereas37 EM: To go to that point before you start to actually32 EM: Probably the same people because you have to
of course a neo-classical economics just42 sort of44 grow the economy as Americans like to say nowa- live somewhere would yknow56 could have been
ignores democracy; economics is more important days101 is crazy102 I think personally. putting away money in renting115 a property as they
than democracy. AM: Yeah. were in I mean27, the level of economic collapse
71
to balance the budget reduce expenditure to the point at 86
theres (substandard English) there are 102
crazy (informal) mad, illogical, unreasonable
which it equals income 87
to fit match, function 103
dismal depressing, dispiriting
72
to take off (take-took-taken) start to expand 88
to make for (make-made-made) (in this context) create 104
to give way to (give-gave-given) capitulate before, cede
73
to boom prosper, expand 89
weird strange, bizarre ones place to
74
kind of (pause filler) sort of, like, yknow 90
wacky unscientific, weird89 105
to be bubbling over be economically active and expand-
75
sensible (false friend) responsible 91
a great deal of a lot of, much ing
76
just (in this context) only 92
underpinning basis, grounding 106
as long as so long as, provided that, if (and only if)
77
anyhow anyway 93
room (uncountable) space 107
to put sth. in place (put-put-put) implement sth.
78
credit bubble situation in which a lot of people have 94
to sway with the tide of passively accept the consequences 108
I dont buy that (informal) I dont agree with that, I dont
accepted too much credit even though they wont be able to of accept that
return the money if the economy declines 95
to be reminiscent of be comparable to, be similar to 109
subprime mortgage credit for buying a house given to s.o.
79
knee-jerk automatic, reflex, involuntary, unthinking 96
to keep ones head down (keep-kept-kept) try to avoid who under normal circumstances would not be offered credit
80
sort type, kind being noticed, try not to attract attention to oneself 110
these loans (in this context) these mortgages, this credit
81
grudgingly reluctant, unwilling, unenthusiastic 97
to be in place be being implemented 111
down the road later
82
boom and bust a periodic economic cycle which sees peri- 98
largely primarily, principally 112
and whatnot and so on, etc.
ods of expansion followed by periods of recession 99
large (false friend) big 113
whether if (but if isnt used before or)
83
to be doomed be fated, be predestined 100
to circle the plughole be on the verge of catastrophe, be 114
your typical [person] the average person, the man in the
84
to some extent to some degree, in part facing disaster street
85
bust recession (following a period of expansion) 101
nowadays these days 115
to rent pay monthly for the right to live in a house/apartment
since 19- I dont know why I said 19-, Im in the wrong 6. Functional English: Ways of Speaking swords160 and no storyline whatsoever, this ones for
century! since 2007-2008 yknow56 was pretty116 & Laughing (2m23s) you. I, however, recommend keeping well away from
difficult to predict just 42 because yknow56 we Commentary: Listen to these phrases and sounds from it. Other movies I regret watching161 include most of
havent seen something like that since the 1930s. If pp. 30-31. what Sylvester Stallone has starred in, except for Rambo
it had been a more minor collapse then the houses and Rocky. I think his worst movie of all time is Stop! Or
wouldve justified yknow56 foreclosing117 on them, Monologues: My Most Missable Movies My Mom will Shoot! Another movie thats near the top
taking them back into the banks property and the (14m46s) of my worst-film list is Guy Richies Swept Away, which
banks would still have made money Commentary: Listen to these people talking about starred Madonna. In my opinion she cannot act. She
AM: Yeah. films they wish theyd never seen. should stick to162 doing what she does best, her music.
EM: and those people in one sense if theyd been
paying rent as opposed to supposedly paying a mort- 7. Monologue 1 [American English] (3m49s) 8. Monologue 2 [British English] (4m25s)
gage118 they wouldnt have been any better off119 or Until my early thirties I would watch any movie at all, My most missable movies lets see. I think Id define
worse off120. So, the idea that this is some this is regardless of137 genre and quality. What can I say, I this in various different ways. The first is disappoint-
some type of evil121. I mean27, in one sense I think its really enjoyed watching them. For the past few years, ment163. A movie that was made in 2009 called The Boat
quite a good thing because you were allowing122 the however, I have watched fewer and fewer movies. The that Rocked made by directed by Richard Curtis of
possibility for the whole section of the population, main138 reason for this is simply a question of time. Four Weddings and a Funeral fame164 with a spectacular
who were just42 excluded from the housing market, Before I would use my free time as if it were a cheap, cast: Philip Seymour Hoffman, the Oscar winner, Rhys
had some sort80 of possibility of entering it. The logi- unlimited commodity139, whereas37 now I realize140 Ifans, Bill Nighy, Nick Frost, Kenneth Branagh. I thought
cal thing there would have been to say instead of123 just141 how precious it really is. That said, during my that with a line-up165 like that it had to be excellent.
bailing out24 banks were going to bail out the indi- misspent youth142 there were plenty of143 films I wish I And also a story that was potentially one that was very,
viduals who have some realistic chance124 of paying had never seen. One that immediately comes to mind is very interesting to me, the story of Radio Caroline and
of continuing with their mortgage. And so the state a film from 1998 titled Wild Things. It stars Neve Camp- the pirate ship. That was a radio station that fed166 a
takes over125 those mortgages118 which are considered bell, from Scream, Matt Dillon and Kevin Bacon, who generation and, yes, a great deal of167 nostalgia about
bad debt, but in a long-term sense people I mean27, also starred in Footloose another flick144 I wish I had the idea of where this ship was and how it came into
because a lot yknow56 most people will only fail never seen. Now, Id have to say that Wild Things is one being because it was technically illegal and that added
to pay their mortgage in yknow56 in really dire126 of those films that is so bad that its good because I to the interest and excitement of it all. And I was really
circumstances. They will cut back on127 all sorts80 of actually32 finished watching it. Without spoiling145 very interested to see a movie about the story of Radio
other things. the movie, its basically your146 typical revenge story. Caroline. And when it came to it they picked probably
AM: Sure. My problem with the movie is that it has way too the least interesting aspect of the whole affair which
EM: Its actually32 not a very bad thing to have as many147 plot twists148. Just when you think the story was to say, yeah, there were a bunch of168 DJs out there
collateral128 on a debt. Theres 86 all sort 80 of other has reached its climax they throw another twist at you in the middle of the ocean somewhere getting high169
things that youll just 42 let go129. Somebody says and then another, and another and another. It really and being silly170 and having parties, but that wasnt
somebody wants to reclaim130 your yknow56 your becomes laughable because you think they couldnt the point. It so wasnt the point. And I was very, very
wonderful sports car that you bought and you say possibly go on, but they do, over and over again. So, if disappointed171. So, there you go. Dont, especially,
Well, OK, whatever, take it. you like movies with tons of unrealistic plot twists148 especially if you have fond172 memories of Radio Caro-
AM: Yeah. then this is for you. If not, avoid it at all costs. Another line, dont go see that one, The Boat that Didnt Rock!
EM: But its not a bad asset131 a piece of property. So, film that I started to watch a few months ago is Sucker Let me see, choice number two, missable movies of
the problem is that nobody was predicting the level Punch. Directed by Zack Snyder, who also directed all time. Yes, this was actually32 surprisingly enough
of that crash132. And I havent seen anybody really the great film 300. Sucker Punch is about a girl that recommended by a friend, a film called Let it Ride made
yknow56 in the mainstream133 who was predicting is wrongfully committed to an insane asylum149 by in 1989 with Richard Dreyfuss, an actor I really like a lot.
it until yknow56 just134 before it happened. her abusive stepfather150. Once institutionalized, she The trouble173 with this movie is that the message is
AM: Yeah. withdraws151 into a fantasy world she creates in her just42, as far as Im concerned174, the most missable
EM: Cos28 they dont know whats happening. Econo- imagination. For some odd reason the asylum is full element of the entire thing. It is about a man whos
mists dont know whats happening. of women who also work in a bordello/strip club. The addicted to gambling175 who has a lucky day and just42
AM: Yeah, yeah. main152 character, along with a group of girls from the makes bets176 and keeps winning. And he thinks
EM: And thats the dangerous thing with following asylum, hatches a plan153 to escape. When the main152 in the beginning theres an idea of a message that
yknow56 its like following some sort80 of Moses, character practices her striptease dance shes so good perhaps this isnt a good thing and he really ought to177
some sort80 of prophet who says we have to go up this that everyone becomes entranced154. While dancing be giving it up178 and going back to try and mend179
hill135 and yknow56 look for tablets and blah, blah, she goes into her imaginary world where she and her his marriage. But he just42 ends up winning180 and his
blah, blah, blah. Why? Prove to me. friends fight robots and other ridiculous characters wife sort of44 comes in line181. It was sad beyond
SW: And you question the word victim? that are not even loosely155 tied to156 the story. In fact, belief182. So, I really I couldnt see the point of that at
AM: Yeah. this film has no story whatsoever and poorly written all, not from beginning to end, and none of it was of any
EM: Prove to me that that is actually32 the case. When dialogue. The only thing it has going for it157 is its interest. That was choice number two. The third choice,
have you got it right136 in the past? And then fine, well special effects. The movie was so bad that I had to probably not even really a movie, its something that I
do that. turn it off after about 20 minutes. If you like movies like to do when Im working on putting together183 a
with scantily clad158 women wielding159 samurai script184 or something, I like to get a hold of185 as much
116
pretty (adv.) rather, quite 140
to realize (false friend) be conscious 161
to regret watching wish I hadnt watched
117
to foreclose (of banks) take possession of property because 141
just (in this context) quite, exactly 162
to stick to (stick-stuck-stuck) limit oneself to, keep to
a creditor has not returned credit in the agreed way 142
misspent youth wasted/dissipated younger years 163
disappointment frustration of expectations
118
mortgage credit for buying a house or apartment 143
plenty of more than enough, an ample number of 164
of X fame who is famous for X
119
to be better off be richer, be more affluent 144
flick (colloquial) movie, film 165
line-up (in this context) cast
120
to be worse off be poorer 145
to spoil (spoil-spoilt-spoilt) ruin 166
to feed (feed-fed-fed) (in this context) cater for, sustain,
121
evil immorality, corruption, villainy 146
your (colloquial/in this context) a nourish
122
to allow permit, enable 147
way too many (emphatic) far too many 167
a great deal of a lot of, much
123
instead of as opposed to, rather than 148
plot twist surprise in the story(line) 168
a bunch of a group of
124
chance possibility 149
insane asylum mental hospital 169
to get high (get-got-got) get stoned, experience the
125
to take over (take-took-taken) take charge of, take respon- 150
ones stepfather the husband of ones mother who is not effects of drugs
sibility for ones biological father 170
silly foolish, idiotic, ridiculous
126
dire horrible, grim, disastrous 151
to withdraw (-draw/-drew/-drawn) 171
to disappoint s.o. dissatisfy ones expectations
127
to cut back on (cut-cut-cut) reduce expenditure on retreat, retire 172
fond affectionate, nostalgic
128
collateral property that guarantees a loan (credit) if it 152
main (in this context) central, focal 173
trouble problem
cannot be paid 153
to hatch a plan devise a plan, plan 174
as far as Im concerned in my opinion
129
to let go give up, renounce a strategy 175
gambling games of chance (e.g. in casinos)
130
to reclaim (in this context) repossess 154
to entrance enchant, captivate, 176
to make bets (make-made-made) risk money in games of
131
asset thing of value, property in some saleable form mesmerize, hypnotize chance (e.g. in casinos)
132
crash economic collapse 155
loosely vaguely, imprecisely 177
ought to should
133
the mainstream orthodoxy, the conventional wisdom 156
to be tied to be linked to, be 178
to give sth. up (give-gave-given) stop doing sth.
134
just (in this context) immediately connected with 179
to mend fix, repair
135
hill small mountain, area of elevated terrain 157
to have going for it have in its favour 180
to end up winning win in the end
136
to get it right (get-got-got) make a correct prediction 158
scantily clad underdressed, semi- 181
to come in line (come-came-come) accept the situation
137
regardless of irrespective of naked 182
sad beyond belief (in this context) ridiculously pathetic
138
main primary, principal 159
to wield brandish, swing, use 183
to put together (put-put-put) prepare, organize
139
commodity item, product, thing 160
samurai sword 184
script (in this context) text for a play
footage186 as I can of whats been made of the story. first time around, well, we just42 cant watch it. But as I
And this was a story that is a curious little piece. Its... say, it just42 made me realize140 that I think Im not nine 11. Improvisation: His Posthumous
there are many, many, many film versions out there. Its years old anymore. Career (15m55s)
been staged187 many, many times called The Canter- Commentary: Listen to the following improvisation.
ville Ghost by Oscar Wilde and it should be a stormer188. 10. Monologue 4 [British English] (3m38s) Arnold Spinn (AS): OK, I dont think I need to explain
Its a bizarre189 little story about an American family OK, my theory about how to make a bad film. Well, there why I called this meeting.
who moved into this house which has a ghost. And it are two basic ingredients to a movie. First you intro- Ken Tonn (KT): No, its been really hard239 lately240. Im
should be very, very funny. And I chose absolutely the duce the characters and then you see what happens really, really devastated.
wrong version because I was seduced again by an actor. to them. The most common mistake amongst217 film- Finn Boweller (FB): Its a major shame241.
It starred Patrick Stewart of Star Trek fame. 1995, The makers is not to establish the characters properly218 at KT: Such a musical genius should leave us so soon.
Canterville Ghost with Patrick Stewart and Neve Camp- the beginning of the story. The central roles have to be Macey Joberg (MJ): My poor Johnny.
bell, definitely, definitely one to miss. They I think idiosyncratic enough to be believable and yet219 have FB: Yeah, Im really sorry about that.
what it was190 was a made-for-American-television to have enough universal qualities for the viewer to AS: Macey, Im sorry that I forgot to give you my
version and nobody gets191 it, nobody got why it was be able to identify with them. Often disaster movies condolences. It just42 it sent this my world into
funny and that came across loud and clear192. So, there fail to establish the character before the action starts. this spin242.
you go, three more to miss big time193. A classic example is the 2006 remake of The Poseidon FB: Your world?!
Adventure called Poseidon. The ship capsizes220 too AS: Im sorry. I just42 forgot. I forgot to tell you that Im
9. Monologue 3 [Irish English] (2m54s) early and you have these people you dont know and so sorry that Johnnys gone and I forgot to tell you.
My most missable movies. The first movie I think was dont care about221 crawling through222 an obstacle MJ: Well, I wouldnt have been able to pick up the
one of the most missable that Im sure everyone has course223. Some of them die in the process but as a phone243 anyway. Im just42 so devastated. And thanks,
seen it, its Titanic by James Cameron. Yeah, the actual viewer you are completely indifferent about this. even if its two weeks after oh, no two days, sorry.
Titanic194 took about 2 hours 40 minutes to sink but A less common mistake is to establish a character well Yeah, Im just42 so
the damn movie ran for195 almost three and a quarter but then for too little to happen to him or her. A clas- FB: It seems like two weeks. I mean27, in situations like
hours. James Cameron needed an extra half an hour to sic example is the Franco-Vietnamese film The Scent this yknow56 time kind of74 plays games on
suck us in196 and suck us dry197. The problem is when of Green Papaya. Its a beautiful delicate piece but its your head, you know?
I go to the movies I usually go to the bathroom first to just42 too ponderous224. Its like watching footage186 in KT: Yeah, I mean27, even though I this I know were
avoid any yknow56 awkwardness198 during the very slow motion for over an hour and a half. The same all sad and this is a very, very difficult time for all of us.
movie, so I dont have to annoy199 anybody Im sitting sort80 of thing be said for both the 1972 Russian version FB: Thats right.
next to. And thats another reason why I sit at the end of Solaris and 2002 remake starring George Clooney. KT: I think we really need to to focus here even if it
of a row200 of seats, so I can get out to the bathroom All three of these films have great merits, but, please, is for a few minutes because the next steps244 that we
without causing any trouble201. But, of course, during dont ask me to watch them again. take are very important not only for Johnny but for
a three-and-quarter-hour movie it happened. About Of course, if the two problems mentioned are all of us and
halfway through I had to I had to go to the bath- compounded225 thats much, much worse. Take the FB: I agree, I agree.
room. And all this North Atlantic icy water and pipes202 case of Spielbergs 1941; ridiculous, badly drawn char- KT: But and after being Johnnys agent for such a
bursting203 and water coming up to peoples waists204 acters in a completely nonsensical226 plot227. Another long time yknow56 its I really dont know what
didnt help. So, eventually205 I had to just42 get up and example is Nicolas Cages 1993 movie Deadfall. In fact, to do with life. But the last thing I do and this I prom-
Excuse me, excuse me. Im sorry. Excuse me. Im sorry. almost anything Cage has done since 1990 could fall ised Johnny before he left us was to make sure that
Excuse me. And all along the row everybody popping into this category. This is a shame228 because his first yknow56 Ken that the material thats still out there,
up206 and then of course coming back Sorry, excuse few films were rather229 good. He seems to have an the last stuff245 you recorded and we havent released
me. Sorry, excuse me, everybody getting up again. unequalled capacity to choose bad scripts230. However, yet, that we would release it and make sure that it was
And then of course not to mention that song by Celine if I had to choose an all-time worst movie ever it would tasteful246. I think that
Dion, I think its called My Heart Will Go On207. And it probably be Wild Things. On paper it looks promising. AS: Do you have any idea?
did go on and on208 and I dont know how many years Its got some good actors in it, including Bill Murray KT: Johnny would really appreciate that.
every time I hear that introduction on the is it a flute and Kevin Bacon. However, its glossy231 and clichd in AS: I wasnt aware of247 this. What kind58 of material
or the tin whistle209?... gives me a shiver210. Another the worst possible Hollywood way and it has the most did he give you?
movie that made me realize140 in a certain way I had ridiculous plot227 Ive ever seen. Truly232, truly awful. KT: Well, theyve they were working on a new album,
grown up, that I wasnt nine years old anymore was Its interesting because often I find that movies that werent you, right?
when George Lucas announced that the Star Wars are universally lambasted 233 arent that bad. For FB: Yeah, we were working on yeah, I dont know
was coming back. After about 20 years of pining and instance234, Catwoman and Battlefield Earth were both the title now under the situation, but yknow56 we
yearning211 it finally happened. Lucas announced it and viciously235 panned236 and I found them perfectly were working on this one the title of the CD was
geeks212 and 30-somethings213 all over the world went watchable, not good but viewable at least. So, I think Drunk Again in LA, you know? And I feel kind of74
giddy214. But if you ask me it sucked215. The Phantom the expectations you have when you see a movie obvi- bad since248 yknow56 basically he yknow56
Menace it was called. Yknow56, the title alone sucked ously have a big impact on your level of disappoint- I mean27 we all know he drank himself to death
pretty bad216. And the worst character in the movie ment163. Christopher Lambert, Chuck Norris or Steven yknow56 I mean27 So I dont know if we should
was this kind58 of giant seahorse called Jarjar. A lot of Segal couldnt disappoint171 because I expect nothing change that.
people who havent seen the first three movies Star from them. They could only pleasantly surprise me. MJ: The poor tortured soul249!
Wars movies back in the 70s, 80s actually32 enjoyed However, if an actor or director I appreciate makes a FB: Yeah, torture, thats a good way to describe things,
this latest trilogy. But those of us who were there the dud237, I feel cheated238. yeah.
185
to get hold of (get-got-got) obtain 209
tin whistle 225
to compound combine, occur together
186
footage moving images 210
to give s.o. a shiver (give-gave-given) 226
nonsensical ridiculous, ludicrous, idiotic
187
to stage sth. perform sth. in the theatre cause s.o. to tremble 227
plot (of a film or book) story(line)
188
stormer (slang) impressive/admirable thing 211
to pine and yearn want sth. 228
this is a shame this is unfortunate
189
bizarre weird, strange, surprising nostalgically 229
rather (in this context) surprisingly
190
what it was (informal) the problem was that it 212
geek socially inept person 230
script text for a movie (before it has been made)
191
to get (get-got-got) (in this context) understand 213
30-something s.o. aged between 231
glossy shiny, lustrous
192
to come across loud and clear (come-came-come) be 30 and 39 232
truly really
very evident 214
to go giddy (go-went-gone) (in this 233
to lambaste criticize, condemn
193
big time (emphatic) certainly context) become delirious 234
for instance for example
194
the actual Titanic (false friend/emphatic) the Titanic itself 215
to suck (informal) be awful, be 235
viciously fiercely, vigorously
195
to run for (run-ran-run) continue for terribly bad 236
to pan (colloquial) criticize, lambaste
196
to suck sth. in absorb sth. 216
to suck pretty bad (informal) be 237
dud (in this context) awful movie
197
to suck s.o. dry (in this context) exhaust s.o. reasonably awful 238
to cheat bamboozle, dupe, defraud
198
awkwardness discomfort 217
amongst among, (in this context) by 239
hard (in this context) difficult, arduous
199
to annoy irritate 218
properly appropriately 240
lately recently
200
row line of things that are side to side 219
and yet but 241
major shame really sad thing, great misfortune
201
trouble inconvenience, nuisance 220
to capsize (of a boat or ship) turn over in the water 242
into this spin (in this context) out of control
202
pipe tube 221
to not care about s.o. have no empathy for s.o. 243
to pick up the phone answer the telephone
203
to burst (burst-burst-burst) break, explode 222
to crawl through clamber through, traverse using ones 244
steps measures, moves, strategy
204
waist pelvis hands and feet 245
stuff things, (in this context) music
205
eventually (false friend) in the end 223
obstacle course (literally) series of obstacles over an area 246
tasteful in good taste, appropriate, decorous
206
to pop up (in this context) quickly stand up of terrain (used for training sportspeople, adventurers and 247
to be aware of be conscious of
207
to go on (go-went-gone) (in this context) continue living soldiers) 248
since (in this context) because, given that
208
did go on and on (emphatic) continue for a long time 224
ponderous laboured, slow, turgid 249
soul spirit, psyche, person
MJ: What about re-issuing250 the stuff245 from? You yknow56 I guess268 I guess all this is AS: Finn? Finn?
know I think its a good time for a tribute and all the MJ: Yeah, we all know what he was like. FB: I was telling him all the time. I said, Stop your
stuff245 that his fans loved we should probably try to KT: But we cant deny269 that he was definitely a musical damn drinking!
promote some of that. genius and I think whatever we do AS: Save it for282 the wake283.
FB: Yeah. FB: Musical genius? KT: Yeah.
MJ: You know? KT: Yes, and I think whatever AS: OK.
FB: Yeah, we should. I do would like to have also FB: He got up there and shouted and threw up259 FB: Well
yknow56 my name included in that. I dont wanna251 on stage258! I mean27, come on! Thats called genius? AS: We know how you feel.
sound egotistic or anything, but after all I did write all Come on! FB: Yeah.
the music. I know he was yknow56 he was the one KT: But thanks to that youve been around for so many AS: Any other ideas for how we can lets say
up there with the crowd252, facing253 the crowd, and years and you made quite a good living. well?
yknow56 he was the showman and everything. But FB: But at the concerts whos singing the choruses270 KT: I think we should just42 be blunt284 about it.
and I am I think its necessary also that we do bring out there? Whos singing the choruses? The publics FB: Well
out yknow56 a lot of the maybe a compilation singing my choruses, OK? KT: I mean27, were here to make money and to make
of the big hits that we did together. AS: Finn the most out of what you guys created in the past
AS: Well, I dont mean to sound callous254, but since FB: Theyre my choruses. 15 years.
Johnny passed away255 all his stuff245 has just42 fallen AS: Finn, Finn FB: You know we could
off the shelves256 and even the online stuff245. And I FB: Im sorry. KT: I mean27, for me, for you, Finn, and for you as
think the fans are ready for a new album. AS: Alright, but youre right, absolutely right. I well285, Macey.
FB: Yeah, that sounds good. But like as I said yknow56 mean27 AS: To make money and of course to eulogize286
Im gonna29 have to yknow56 I mean27, this is a FB: I know Im right! I was there 15 years from the begin- Johnny.
business meeting, so we have to talk and bring things ning from the beginning! FB: Well, how about a T-shirt, Thank God Johnnys
out in the open. But, I mean27, really I would like to AS: Youre absolutely right. I never acknowledged271 it. Dead! yknow56 Im sorry.
make sure that I do get257 some credit on this because MJ: You were there 15 years? MJ: Yeah, I think that I think that we should take
after all I mean27 Johnny was singing my songs FB: You were there even longer. I mean27 advantage of the situation and try to make the most
and yknow56 his extremism on stage258 was a big AS: So Ill tell you what, Finn of the fact that this man ruined our lives and tortured
attraction and FB: I dont know how you did it, but I have to give I us for 20 years.
KT: Sure, Johnny sold your music though really. have to hand it to you272. You really did a FB: Well, you know Im amazed287 that youre
FB: Yeah, drinking and throwing up259 on stage258 AS: Finn, Finn KT: So, the truths coming out288?
and not being able to get yknow56 through260 FB: Yeah. FB: admitting that. Yeah. So
the songs. But, I mean27, people kind of74 love that AS: Ill tell you what, why dont you produce the retro- KT: The truths coming out288 in this meeting, huh,
kind58 of thing, you know? I mean27, people like people spective of Johnnys gems273? How does that sound? Macey?
who are yknow56 self-abusive261 and put on a For next Christmas, hows that? You can pick 274 the FB: So
good show, you know? I mean27, but but, yeah, if songs. AS: Did I just did I just hear right there, Macey?
KT: Sure, but I mean27 at the same time though, FB: Well, weve got MJ: I Im sorry to say it was very tough289 living with
Ken, youre still alive and Johnnys the one thats dead. AS: Youll be duly275 noted276 on all the covers277 him. It was very difficult. I put up with290 a lot and all I
FB: Yeah. FB: OK. want is some peace now.
KT: I think we should really concentrate on Johnnys AS: you wrote the stuff245, you wrote the material. AS: Johnny?
legacy here, not yours. FB: Well, you know what the funny was that I wrote KT: I cant believe this.
FB: Yeah, well, erm the material but who gave them the titles? Yknow56, AS: What?
KT: Cos28 you still have time to make your own legacy. I mean27, Ive got titles like Sex on the Beach, Loves of FB: Wow! Im really
FB: Yeah, well, but yknow56 a lot of my legacys tied Sun what is it? Songs of Sun and Love I mean27 KT: I think we know two different Johnnys here.
up in262 Johnny, you know? I mean27, I was constantly AS: Get yBitch Ass Back to278 Minnesota. AS: OK. Alright.
taking him I mean27 yknow56 wed have shows FB: But that actually32 that one did279 really well. FB: Well, what Johnny do you know? I dont know.
and hed be drunk and passed out263 in yknow56 That one did really well. Everybody loves the title of Where were you?
the hotel room and yknow56 wed have to pour264 that song. But and I have to hand it yknow56 AS: The widow291 has spoken.
cold water and ice on him and then take him into the to272 Johnny. He did pick 274 a good one on that one. FB: I mean27, youre his agent. You should know him
shower. I mean27 yknow56 I mean you know Johnny But Tequila Twist did really well too. I mean27, we could fairly292 well.
was a little excessive, you know? probably yknow56 take stuff245 from that and put KT: I do know293 him very well.
KT: Sure. it on the compilation. AS: Pardon me.
FB: And theres a lot of work going in there. AS: Well, Ill let you pick 274 them all. MJ: Oh, come on! Dont
KT: I was there. FB: Oh AS: The widow291 has spoken. OK, so, hey, I mean27,
FB: You know 15 years I was doing that stuff265! AS: Thats your job. you opened that genie294. Its yours.
KT: I know, Ken. I was there. I was there the whole time. FB: Well, OK, OK. KT: I cant believe youre saying that, Macey. After
FB: You know, I mean, come on! You know, I mean27, I AS: You get the honour. everything that Johnny put up with290
know that you know FB: Im for that. Im for that. I appreciate that. As long FB: You cant believe shes saying that?!
KT: But thanks to Johnny we all we all were able to as106 I get my names in the credit also. You said that, KT: No, I cant. I really cant. You know
eat, we all made a living266. didnt you? FB: You know what we all had to go through for the
FB: Yeah, thats true. We all made a living, but, man, AS: Did I say you werent going to? last 15 years? Jesus!
was that a hard267 living to make. Yknow56, I mean27, FB: No. Yes, I think you did say280 that. OK, OK. I mean27, KT: Yeah.
getting him to turn up to recording sessions was almost of all times281, you know? When we were at the top FB: The vomit sessions were incredible! Days I mean
impossible. You know, I mean27 of yknow56 on the top of it all, on top of the world week binges295, binges. I just Ill shut up.
KT: Sure, but you cant and he goes and drinks himself to death. I mean27, KT: Yeah, well, youve had some problems with drink-
FB: Im sorry Marcy I mean27, Macey. Im sorry, but Jesus Christ! ing as well285, Ken. So, I mean27, you cant you cant
250
to re-issue re-release, publish again 266
to make a living (make-made-made) earn a salary worse moment
251
wanna (slang) want to 267
hard difficult, arduous 282
save it for (in this context) leave it until
252
the crowd (in this context) the audience 268
I guess I suppose 283
wake party after a funeral
253
to face (in this context) appear in front of 269
to deny negate, opposite of admit 284
blunt (in this context) frank
254
callous unfeeling, cold-hearted 270
chorus refrain, part of a song that is repeated several times 285
as well too, also
255
to pass away (euphemistic) die 271
to acknowledge express gratitude for 286
to eulogize commemorate
256
to fall off the shelves (fall-fell-fallen) sell like hot cakes 272
I have to hand it to s.o. I salute your/s.os merits 287
to be amazed be astonished, be very surprised
257
do get (emphatic) get, receive 273
gems (in this context) most valuable songs 288
to come out (come-came-come) emerge
258
on stage in performance, in front of an audience 274
to pick choose, select 289
tough difficult, arduous
259
to throw up (throw-threw-thrown) vomit 275
duly appropriately 290
to put up with (put-put-put) tolerate, suffer
260
to get through sth. (get-got-got) finish sth. 276
to note (in this context) acknowledge, recognize 291
widow woman whose husband has died
261
to be self-abusive do things that harm ones health 277
covers outside of a CD 292
fairly quite, reasonably
262
to be tied up in be linked to, be connected with 278
get ybitch ass back to (slang) come back to, return to 293
do know (emphatic) know
263
to pass out faint, lose consciousness 279
to do (do-did-done) (in this context) sell 294
to open that genie open that can of worms, implicitly gave
264
to pour tip, splash, drop 280
did say (emphatic) said permission for that theme to be openly talked about
265
that stuff those things, (in this context) looking after him 281
of all the times (in this context) he couldnt have chosen a 295
binge drinking session
criticize him too much for that. AS: Are you coming to your confession here? will do the gems273 and you will pick 274 the tracks322 for
FB: Drinking? I drank one beer to every five of his and FB: What? What? I cant believe you said that to me, the live recording. Hows that? For Christmas.
that was just76 to keep him happy, so he had a drinking man! FB: Youre serious?
buddy296, you know? AS: Oh, it wasnt you? Im sorry. AS: Absolutely!
MJ: Thats OK. When he drank 50 it wasnt that good. FB: No, it wasnt me, man. I dont know who it was, FB: Youre serious?
You didnt look that good either, no. but it wasnt me. AS: Absolutely. I mean27, hey, look
FB: No, no. But I KT: Ive FB: Ill be able to choose Ill be able to choose the
MJ: And you got him into a lot of trouble297. MJ: I wouldnt be surprised of that, poor fellow306. songs?
FB: I got him into trouble?! Oh, gosh!307 AS: Its out in the open now. Macey has spoken. Its
MJ: Yeah. AS: It was all this bonding308 over the bottle, you know? out in the open.
FB: I got him into trouble? Hes the one who always FB: I mean27, yeah, the bonding over the bottle, but FB: OK.
suggested going here and going there. We went come on, man! You know I dont care. I mean27, to each AS: I have to confess here. I if I show any deference
to every dive298 in LA. Thats where we got the title their own309, you know? They have their thing, what its for the widow291 here and she appears to be show-
Drunk in LA. Every dive you could imagine, holes in they want to do. But, man ing absolutely no no loss.
the walls299 we went to and I had to sit there while he AS: Not that theres anything wrong with it. MJ: What do you mean?
just42 yknow56 drank himself silly300 I mean silly. FB: No, theres nothing wrong with it, man. Theres AS: No?
I dont know how many fights we got into because of nothing wrong with it. But it just 42 wasnt with me, MJ: No, Ive lost Ive lost a lifelong partner323 here.
his yknow56 belligerent and insulting attitude to you know? I mean27 Its Im sad. He was just42 a very hard267 person to
people. I dont know AS: I see. live with. And you all contributed to making him the
AS: Then having to explain to Phil Spector about why KT: You guys! Ive been biting my lip310 far too long311 person that he was and the person that you could not
yknow56 the star of the show wasnt there. in this meeting. talk to after 11 oclock in the morning after the first
FB: Well Phils another hes another case too. Boy, FB: Was it you? couple of drinks.
Phil I mean27 Phil and his gun, you know? That would KT: No. Talking about Johnny and his drinking problem, KT: Here we go!324
get him out of the bed, you know? you know who drove him to drink so much, dont you? MJ: He was a very difficult person to live with. But that
AS: And the missed headline301 and what else? It was you, Macey, and you, Ken. I mean27 doesnt mean that I didnt love him once.
FB: Phil would pull out his gun and then Johnny get FB: What exactly are you implying? FB: Well, we all loved him in our own kind of 74
up yknow56 I mean... KT: you guys drove him to his drunken binges295. way, you now? I mean27 he was a bastard but still I
AS: I mean27, Ive got my litany302 too. But you were Macey, for example, I knew from the start that Johnny mean27 you had to feel something cos28 there was
there with him Finn. was getting himself in a whole heap of312 trouble when something different about different about Johnny.
FB: What am I supposed to do? We were a duo he hooked up with313 you. KT: Yes, he yeah, genius.
yknow56 there were the two of us, you know? I MJ: Dont be a fanboy314, Ken.
mean27 KT: No, I knew. 12. Picture Description (2m11s)
AS: Hey, that sounds like a great next album cover MJ: Youre so blind to315 him and his ways all the time. Commentary: Listen to this person describing the
What Am I Supposed to Do? KT: I knew he could do so much better. two photographs on p. 42.
FB: Yeah. MJ: You tolerated so much stuff316. Examiner: Id like you to describe these two street
AS: Were a Duo. KT: But, no, he wouldnt listen to me. photos.
MJ: Life without Johnny. MJ: Oh, come on! Examinee: In the first picture we see a street market,
AS: What to Do with a Duo? KT: And look. Look what happened. two stalls 325. The one in the background 326 has
FB: Thats you know MJ: What happened? clothing and the one in the foreground327 is a stall
AS: What to Do with a Duo? KT: Look at what has happened. selling fresh fruit. There are many varieties of fruit.
FB: What to Do with a Duo? What Do We Do? Do we FB: You know, youre just The salesman is talking animatedly to a prospective
Do we Do KT: Tragedy. costumer about his fruit presumably. Its a bright sunny
AS: What to Do with A Duo Now that Were One? FB: All you did was brownnose317 him all the way. Your day and the colours are very bright in the picture. We
FB: Yeah, Now that We Are One. Yeah, thats good. Were nose is so brown from brownnosing him about all his see melons and bananas and pears328 and plums329
gonna29 have to find somebody. wonderful stuff245 that he did. You know, come on! and different fruit. In the second picture a young man
AS: We have for the best of it. Come on! is standing looking at a van330 selling traditional ice
FB: Do you know any alcoholics? KT: Thats because hes a musical genius and I saw it cream. There is only one person in this picture and
MJ: You know you could probably project him on. from day one318. he appears to be deciding which ice cream he would
Remember like you could do a projection of Johnny FB: Musical genius? He didnt write anything. I wrote like to buy. So both pictures are about food and
and you could do a duo with a projection of him. it all! I wrote it all! or something to eat and about buying something to
AS: Its like a holograph. AS: Yeah, but Ken represented him. eat erm on the street. In the first picture there are
FB: Yeah, yeah, well I think we just need to find KT: Yes. several people and its a busy picture and in the second
another drunkard thats all. FB: But actually32 he represented he represented us. picture theres only one young man with his back to
MJ: No drinking, no sleeping around303, no KT: No, Im Johnnys agent, really, Ken. I just42 happen us contemplating the ice cream van.
AS: I mean27 to look after 319 you cos28 you were there. But my Examiner: How do you feel about buying food in
FB: You knew about that? Im sorry. I mean 27 responsibility was Johnny. the street?
yknow56 I always felt I needed to tell you but I just42 FB: Man, I really cant believe this. I really cant believe Examinee: Oh, I think that depends on what sort 80 of
couldnt. You know I didnt have the heart to304 do this. I dont know I dont know. food one buys in the street. Im quite sure that buying
it, you know? AS: Well, Finn fresh fruit or vegetables on a market stall325 is the same
MJ: Oh, thank you, thank you very much. Five years FB: Just screw it all320, man! Screw it all! Screw it all! as buying the fresh fruit or vegetables in a supermar-
into this marriage when I started figuring things out305. Im not going Im not gonna29 go with this. Im not ket or for that matter331 buying ice cream from an
That was very fun. gonna29 go with this. ice-cream van. Im not sure that I would however buy
AS: So whats what was Johnny like in bed, Finn? AS: Now that Johnnys gone youre no longer second prepared food or cooked food from a stall325 on the
FB: What? What? What? What? What? banana321, OK? So, now youll do the compilation, you street.
296
drinking buddy friend one drinks with, companion drinker 306
fellow guy, bloke, man, chap 320
just screw it all I dont care about anything anymore
297
to get s.o. into trouble (get-got-got) create problems 307
gosh! (minced oath) God! 321
to be second banana play second fiddle, be s.os deputy
for s.o. 308
bonding camaraderie 322
track song
298
dive (slang) disreputable bar 309
to each their own people should do what makes them happy 323
partner significant other, lover
299
hole in the wall dive298 310
to bite ones lip (bite-bit-bitten) not say what you want to say 324
here we go! now s/hes started!
300
to drink oneself silly drink until you are unconscious/ 311
far too long much too long 325
stall stand, booth
comatose 312
a whole heap of (colloquial) a lot of 326
the background the part of the picture furthest
301
headline (in this context) opportunity to be the headliner 313
to hook up with (colloquial) begin a relationship with from the speaker (according to the perspective)
(most prominent musical group/entertainer) of a show/ 314
fanboy (slang) extreme fan, obsessive follower 327
the foreground the part of the picture
concert 315
to be blind to s.o. not be conscious of what s.o. is doing nearest to the speaker (according to the
302
litany (in this context) list of criticisms 316
so much stuff so many things (in this context) so much perspective)
303
sleeping around promiscuity misconduct 328
pear
304
not have the heart to (have-had-had) not be able to do 317
to brownnose s.o. (US colloquial) try to ingratiate oneself 329
plum
sth. because it seems too cruel to s.o., flatter s.o., be sycophantic to s.o. 330
van
305
to figure sth. out work sth. out, become conscious of what 318
from day one right from the start, from the very beginning 331
for that matter given that we have
is happening 319
to happen to look after s.o. take care of s.o. fortuitously mentioned it
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