WINGSPAN STAFF MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXPECTATIONS .
3 Staff Goals
4 Staff Expectations
5 Yearbook Work Nights
7 Staff Contract
8 Equipment Contract

POLICY .
9 Yearbook Policy

RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES.

11 Job Descriptions
12 First Amendment & California Free Expression
13 Californian Leonard Law
16 Society of Professional Journalism Code of Ethics

TOOLS OF THE TRADE.

18 Five Steps to Journalistic Reverence
19 Condensed AP Styleguide
22 Words to Avoid in Journalistic Writing
23 Good Writing Bad Writing
24 Revision Process
25 InDesign Toolbar Cheat Sheet
27 Photoshop Toolbar Cheat Sheet
28 InDesign Keyboard Shortcuts
29 Caption Writing
30 175 Ways to Start a Caption
31 Interviewing
33 Anatomy of a Yearbook Spread

PROCESS.
34 Four Week Deadline Plan

OPPORTUNITIES.
35 Convention Opportunities

PEOPLE.
36 True Colors
39 Yearbook Staff Roster & Birthday Calendar

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THE EXPECTATIONS

WINGSPAN STAFF GOALS (Intentions & Agreements)

OUR MISSION/PURPOSE: It is our mission to commemorate the events of the year within and beyond
the walls of the school in an interesting and insightful way that includes all students and maintains the
legacy of a high quality publication.

BOOK GOALS
1. Create a HIGH QUALITY publication
2. Cover EVERY STUDENT as least three times
3. Create CONSISTENT design and flow so it is VISUALLY APPEALING
4. Take and use STRONG/SOLID STORY-TELLING PHOTOS
5. Create THOROUGH & DIVERSIFIED COVERAGE of the year
6. Make the THEME ACCESSIBLE to the students
7. Create stories that are THEME RELEVANT
8. Spell EVERY NAME CORRECTLY
9. Meet all PUBLICATION DEADLINES
10. Make this a book EVERYONE WANTS

STAFF & PRODUCTION GOALS

1. Meet ALL PRODUCTION DEADLINES
2. Own up to your responsibilitiesRESULTS, NOT EXCUSES
3. Learn to take constructive criticism as motivation to do BETTER
4. Ask for HELP and be HELPFUL
5. Communicate needs and expectations clearly
6. Avoid personal bias in your job as a journalist
7. Build friendship as a staffGET & BE COMFORTABLE
8. Attend CONVENTIONSFall & Spring
9. Celebrate SUCCESSES & EACH OTHER
10. SHOW GRATITUDE! Bravo Box submissions!
11. Take time to build POSITIVE ENERGY as a groupTeam Building monthly
12. Be PRODUCTIVE with time!

INDIVIDUAL GOALS
1. Meet all PERSONAL DEADLINES
2. Be RESOURCEFUL, PROACTIVE & DEPENDABLE!
3. Be OPEN-MINDED to others ideas and contributions
4. Be an ENTHUSIASTIC VOLUNTEER
5. Respect each other
6. BE considerate in ACTION & TONE
7. Communicate openly and RESPECTFULLY
8. Be kindAVOID putting out NEGATIVE ENERGY
9. Be reliableIf you make promises, keep them
10. Support each other
11. Be HONEST
12. Dont ProcrastinateBE ORGANIZED AND THOROUGH
13. Work Hard AND celebrate our HARD WORK
14. Always BE PRODUCTIVE

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THE EXPECTATIONS

WINGSPAN STAFF EXPECTATIONS

1. Timeliness: The staff will be expected to meet all deadlines. All staff members will also be expected
to be on time for class, meetings, photo shoots, and interviews. Modesto City Schools attendance
policy will be enforced.
2. Risk-taking: Yearbook staff members must be willing to take a risk and try something new. Risk-
taking may involve interviewing someone you do not know or learning how to use the computer.
3. Responsibility: When a student agrees to take the responsibility of working on a student
publication, the student must also assume responsibility for his/her actions. Whenever a staff
member is out in the school or larger community fulfilling yearbook responsibilities, that student
must act as a representative of the staff and our entire school. Yearbook time is to be used for
yearbook activities only. Yearbook computers should be used for yearbook work only. While we
may listen to music when working on the book after school, iPODS, CD players, etc. are NOT
allowed during class. Academic dishonesty (submitting another persons work as your own, making
up quotes, etc.) will not be tolerated. Loss of points for the assignment, discipline and referrals and
dismissal from staff are all possible consequences for such behavior.
4. Attention to Detail: Yearbook is a perfectionists business. Staff must pay attention to details
because details cost money.
5. Calendars: Students are ALL expected to keep a calendar and pay attention to the staff calendar
there is no other way to properly plan for or commit to your responsibilities. The editorial staff will
do their best to make staff members aware of upcoming event and schedule changesbut it is the
responsibility of each individual staff member to know when events are happening that pertain to
your story assignment or deadlines, etc. The class calendar will be updated regularlyGET THE
GOOGLE CALENDAR APP AND USE & CHECK IT DAILY!
6. Materials: Students need to come to class prepared with paper and writing utensils and phones
(when interviews are scheduled). Students should have a notebook for ALL INTERVIEWS! Your staff
guide is a resource for youUSE IT!
7. Interviews: Remember interviews are CONVERSATIONS, so while you may have questions in
mindit is the conversation that will inspire the storyso record the conversation and make sure you
clarify what people say and get them to sign and date your notes. You are NEVER allowed to make
up quotes for people. You may fix errors in their use of language but you may not fabricate quotes.
EVER!
8. Weekly Goals: You are expected to set weekly goals and always keep track of your progress on
assignments for each deadlinehow you contribute as an individual and the contributions you make
to the production of this publication as a staff member.
9. After-School Hours: Some assignments particularly photo shoots and interviews will be
completed before and after school, during lunch, or on the weekends. Staff members should plan
transportation needs and homework schedules accordingly. Open lab hours are generally
scheduled from 2-4pm every daytime when staff members can make arrangements to complete
yearbook responsibilities. Use of open lab hours will help eliminate the need for added late
night/weekend hours. All deadline weekends (when needed) will be scheduled in advanced.
Students are expected to attend Production Nights/Weekends. Staff members will be required to
stay after school or come in on weekends as necessary to meet quarterly deadlines. What you
accomplish in class and during school hours will depend on your afterschool commitment.
10. Editorial Board Meetings: Editorial meetings will be held WEEKLY afterschool in room C144.
Editors are expected to bring calendars, to do lists, updated ladder, notebook, writing utensils
and any other materials appropriate to your role.

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11. Phone use: While cell phones are prohibited on campus, they are a necessary tool on staff.
However, that does not mean you may text your boyfriend, girlfriend, cousin, parents, siblings,
dogs, cats, dentists, driving instructor, weight trainer, hair dresser or any other person you can
contact during AFTER SCHOOL HOURS. All calls made must be relevant to YEARBOOK and can be
made with adviser permission ONLY in the yearbook workroom areas only. You will not be
protected outside these doors and anyone caught using their phone for any other purpose without
PERMISSION will receive a referral for cell phone use on campus and LOSE THEIR PHONES TO
SUPERVISION.
12. Press Passes: Each staff member will receive a press pass with their photo and name. Staffers are
expected to wear this EACH TIME they leave the room during class or anytime on assignment.
When leaving class to do yearbook business you must check out/in with the adviser or designee. If
you take advantage of this privilege, you will LOSE it. Press passes are not FREE passes into events
UNLESS you are covering the event and PRIOR PERMISSION OR ARRANGEMNTS WERE MADE
WITH APPROPRIATE PARTIES.
13. Down time: The expectation is that staff members that are finished with their spread and other
responsibilities will help other staff members. This may include but are not limited to: correcting
copy, typing copy, typing captions, checking names, checking staff TO DO LIST, etc. Students will
not work on material that is NOT RELATED to the course or the production of the yearbook. There
are several resources in the room for students to increase their understanding of the course and
production of the yearbook. These resources should be what students turn to when they have
sufficiently helped all other staffers (in the room and those absent).
Evergreen List: There will be a list generated throughout the year that will include things to do
when you may have down timebe productive at all times! You should NEVER be just sitting,
staring, sleeping, texting, moping, gazing or whatever other non-productive things you can imagine
during class. BE HELPFUL, RESOURCEFUL AND PRODUCTIVE!
14. Computer use: The computers in C144, C145 and C148 are for the sole purpose of producing the
publications at Enochs High School. Any use that does NOT coincide with generating the yearbook
or gathering knowledge for staff curriculum assignments will not be tolerated. This includes Social
Networking sites (for personal use), shopping, streaming video, gaming, etc. Staff members are
responsible for keeping computer areas clean and organized. NO FOOD OR DRINKS ARE
ALLOWED ANYWHERE NEAR COMPUTER WORK STATIONS!!! You will be assigned a computer
station to use throughout the year.
15. Cleanliness: FOOD AND DRINKS ARE PROHIBITED IN THE COMPUTER WORK AREA. During
deadline work nights and weekends all food must remain in the common classroom area on the
food designated tables ONLY. Students are expected to clean up after themselves and recycle all
recyclable materials and toss all garbage in the hall garbage cans. Classroom garbage cans are
NOT TO BE USED FOR FOOD WASTE! We want to avoid ants! All left over drinks need to be
emptied in the bathroom sinks before they are tossed in the recycling containers or garbage cans.
Your work area MUST BE kept tidy and cleanthe classroom and lab is NOT YOUR PERSONAL
SPACE OR BEDROOM CLOSETuse your locker for storing your extra panties, jackets, hair brushes,
make-up, gyms clothes, etc. (Believe it or notpeople have left all these things in this space before).
16. Beginning/Ending: Do not be late to class. Tardies will be reported to attendance. The last five
minutes of class are to be used to clean your area, save your work and record details in your
calendars, NOT skip out the back door and be the first out of the parking lot. You are NEVER
allowed to leave through the back lab dooryou must ALWAYS leave out the front classroom door
only.

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THE EXPECTATIONS

YEARBOOK WORK NIGHTS/LATE NIGHTS

Meeting deadlines is the most important part of your job as a yearbook staffer because a missed
deadline means: extra work for your fellow staffers, thousands of dollars in extra charges and a delayed
ship date (how happy would your classmates be to get their yearbook in September?).
A student will receive a failing grade in any quarter in which he/she misses a final deadline. Students
are expected to plan for difficulties and put in extra time when necessary to compensate for these
problems. When individual deadlines have been met, students will help other staffers and prepare for
the next deadline.
As each deadline approaches, staff members are required to attend late-night work sessions to
complete assigned as well as assist other members of our yearbook team to ensure that we produce a
quality product.
I understand that many of you have a variety of other commitments so these dates are being provided
to you now so that you may plan ahead and adjust your schedule accordingly. Late nights will typically
be scheduled from 2-8pm on school nights and until 10pm on a Friday night. Any weekend work hours
added to the schedule would be done so because we have fallen behind. I trust you can all avoid this,
but if you dont we would typically schedule a 9am-6pm workday (later if we are on final deadline).
Work nights are successful when staffers have energy and food to sustain them. Delicious dinners have
become a late-night tradition. We need parent support. Parents willing to contribute and sign up to be
Staff Mom or Staff Dad for a deadline work night need to get on the calendar. Please contact Mrs.
McCarthy at tamramccarthy@gmail.com or call 209-712-0913. Each parent should sign up for a work
night and bring meal/drinks between 5-5:30 on his/her scheduled food train night. We have a staff of
18. There are a couple of vegetarians on staff, as well as a couple students who are lactose intolerant
please consider this when planning your meal and provide vegetarian and/or dairy free options. (For
example, Mexican food offers easy options when paired with a meat and a bean choice for a taco bar,
etc.)

DEADLINE WORK NIGHT CALENDAR & FOOD TRAIN

What we do in yearbook CANNOT be done in ONLY 50 minutes, five days a week.

DEADLINE 1 DEADLINE 2 DEADLINE 3 DEADLINE 4 DEADLINE 5 DEADLINE 6

SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER FEBRUARY MARCH
Tues. 9/19 Tues. 10/24 Tues. 11/28 Wed. 12/20 Tues. 2/13 Tues. 3/28
(2-8) (2-8) (2-8) (2-6)* (2-8) (2-8)
LEE FAMILY AL MURISI WEER NO MEAL OCHOA LAL FAMILY
FAMILY FAMILY FAMILY
Thur. 9/21 Thur. 12/21 Thur. 3/20
(2-10) Thur. 10/26 Thur. 11/30 (2-6)* Thur. 2/15 (2-8)
ORTEGA (2-8) (2-8) NO MEAL (2-8) VALADEZ
FAMILY HANSEN KUMAR POBLETE FAMILY
FAMILY FAMILY Fri. 12/22 FAMILY
(2-10) Fri. 3/31
Fri. 10/27 Fri. 12/1 McCARTHY Fri. 2/16 (2-10)
(2-10) (2-10) (2-10) JAWAD
MACHUCA FRANCISCO FENTER FAMILY
FAMILY FAMILY FAMILY

OTHER MANDATORY DATES FOR YEARBOOK STAFFERS:

th th
Distribution Days: Thursday, May 24 2-4:30pm & Friday, May 25 2-3:30PM

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THE EXPECTATIONS

WINGSPAN STAFF CONTRACT

Please read the contract below carefully. To show that you fully understand the responsibilities of staff
membership, the following contract must be read and signed by both you and a parent/guardian before you will
be permitted to officially become a staff member. Participation on a publication staff affords students more
freedom than most other classes. It also requires them to take responsibility and exhibit a high degree of maturity
and good judgment. Those named to the staff can expect to be held to accepted journalistic standards and
ethical practices. As individuals, they are recognized by many as representatives of their publication, on
assignments or not, and must respond and act accordingly. Serving on the Wingspan publication staff is an
incredible honor and privilegeone that must be earned. In an environment like this (and any job in the real
world, for that matter), performance, responsibility and punctuality are absolutely vital.

1. I understand that I must meet deadlines for assignments, rewrites, photos, spread completion and other
journalist projects. Meeting deadlines will make up close to 50% of my grade. Missed deadlines will
financially impact the yearbook production and therefore missed deadlines will result in a zero for each
offense, temporary suspension for the second offense (I will use this suspension as a time to reinforce my
commitment to journalism by completing assigned tasks) and permanent removal from class for the third
offense. I understand that both my grade and citizenship are affected when I miss deadlines.
2. I understand I will be asked to devote outside time to complete assigned tasks and I will commit myself to
making time for the yearbook. I understand that being on yearbook is a co-curricular obligation, and I
therefore must devote time to completing assignments as I would in another class and I must be available
for scheduled work nights as I would in a club or sport.
3. I understand that open lab is scheduled daily between 2-3:30pm and that I will attend those open work
nights to complete tasks I do not finish in class or additional tasks that require outside work time. These
open lab hours will reduce the number of weekend days the staff will spend at school finishing publication
deadlines so we can all still have some semblance of a LIFE.
4. I understand that there may also be weekend work time required of me (once per quarter) to help the staff
meet final submission deadlines and that the dates for these potential weekend hours are yet to be
determined but will be announced.
5. I understand that each member of the yearbook staff is required to abide by the rules set forth by the
Modesto City Schools Code of Conduct as well as those stated in the course outline at all timesincluding
school sponsored trips. I understand that failure to do so will result in removal from the class and/or
school suspension (depending on the infraction).
6. I understand the importance of my role on staff and, for whatever reason, when I need to be absent from
class, I will make the adviser aware of my absence and make arrangements for my work to be turned in on
time.
7. I understand the importance of the yearbook equipment and supplies and pledge to treat them with
respect. I understand that irresponsible and inappropriate use of the technology may damage the
equipment and make me responsible for those damages (including photography equipment, computers,
scanners, printers, etc.). Should I neglect or abuse the materials or equipment, I will pay for the cost to
repair or replace them.
8. I understand that staff positions can and will change based on leadership skills, writing ability, work habits
and/or ability to work with other staff members. I will do my best to demonstrate these abilities at all times.
9. I understand that I must respect the work and feelings of others on staff and that we are a team of people
dependent on each other for the yearbook to function successfully. Maintaining a positive attitude and
participating in staff activities is important to the collective team and will help create a productive and
efficient work environment for all. I also understand that confidentiality must be maintained at all times.
10.I understand that attending conventions and workshops is a privilege and only those who have met their
responsibilities to the staff prior to a trip are eligible for the tripeven though the cost of trips is the
responsibility of the staff member. I understand that attending such conventions and workshops comes
with a responsibility that I promise to honor in action and attitude at all times.
11.I understand the image of this publication and its staff is important to building relationship and trust with
our school community in order to tell the stories of the year, so I promise to always represent this staff and
publication in a positive way when I speak, tweet, text, post, blog (or any other form of communication)
about yearbook.
12.I understand that failure to abide by the terms of this contract can lead to my dismissal from the staff.

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THE EXPECTATIONS

WINGSPAN EQUIPMENT USE CONTRACT

Use of the Wingspan yearbook staff equipment is an incredible honor and privilege. That privilege must be
earned and maintained by demonstrating your commitment through both action and care. As a
photographer the staff depends on you to meet your obligations to shoot what, when and where you say you
will. Photographers cannot afford to blow off assignments; doing so is a missed opportunity for events and
moments that may only come along once. As a photographer you play a very important role on this staff.

1. I accept full responsibility for the safe and speedy return of the equipment.
2. Equipment must be returned in the same working order and condition it was when checked out for use.
3. All equipment will be signed out and signed back in by Mrs. McCarthy. I must have a Photo Contract
Form on file in order to use equipment. Each piece of equipment borrowed will be recorded on a form
that must be signed by me when taking responsibility for the equipment.
4. Memory cards and cameras will be assigned for the semester to specific staff photographers and must
be returned to school before winter break. The memory cards must be processed and then reformatted
upon completion of photo assignment following the procedures determined for processing. Photos must
be saved into the appropriate online identified files, batch renamed and properly labeled with event,
date and name. Lost memory cards cost $50 to replace--I will be responsible for this fee should I lose it.
5. I must know how to use the camera or other piece of equipment I am checking out. A competency test
maybe required for the camera I use to demonstrate I can properly use and care for the equipment.
6. All camera neck straps must be used to prevent dropping the equipment. I must never carry a camera
without the neck strap around my neck. Repair bills on dropped or bumped cameras are usually over
$300 and I am responsible for any damage to the camera while in my possession.
7. I must NEVER attempt to repair equipment myself or remove any parts.
8. I must NEVER use force to turn or wind any part on a cameraany amount of force will probably seriously
damage internal parts.
9. I must NEVER get water, beverages, dirt, or my lunch on the camera. I will always replace the lens cover
when not in use. Lost lens caps are $20 and the responsibility of the staff member. Seawater is
particularly bad for camera equipment, so I may NEVER take any school camera equipment to the beach
without specific permission.
10. I may NEVER lend any of the camera equipment to anyone else EVER. It is checked out only to me. I may
NOT loan it to a friend, sibling, boyfriend, girlfriend, or parent. I am responsible for its whereabouts the
entire time it is assigned to me. I may NOT leave it in the car overnight. The camera should stay with me
at all times.
11. I may NOT use the self-timers on the cameras without special permission. Incorrect use of the self-timer
often results in a jammed shutter.
12. Camera equipment must be in my immediate possession at all times. I may NOT leave equipment in
lockers or automobiles. I may NOT leave it on the sidelines of an athletic event or pass it off to someone
to watch it for me. If I lose it, I buy it.
13. Cameras and other equipment are checked out on a daily basis unless otherwise permitted by adviser. I
must return it on the following school day before school. If I am ill or not coming to school on the day the
equipment is to be returned, it is still my responsibility to get it back on time.
14. Camera equipment may NOT be used for any event other than approved school events. I may NOT use it
for personal profit EVER. If I am offered money to shoot for someone for profit I must use my own
equipment.
15. If I violate the terms of this contract, I will lose the privilege of checking out equipment. Unauthorized use
of equipment will be treated as theft and violators will be turned over to the school authorities.

Student/Parent understands the policies for EHS Wingspan Yearbook equipment use and accept full
responsibility for the camera and accessories checked out. Student/Parent understands that grades will be
lowered if equipment is left at home or is not returned on time. Parent agrees to assume financial
responsibility for the equipment son/daughter has checked out and will pay for any repairs needed, due to
negligence, when the equipment is in son/daughters control and also agrees to pay for, or replace with
comparable equipment, any items lost or stolen while in childs care. Student/Parent understands that
students grades, transcript and diploma will be held until debt is paid.

8
THE POLICIES

WINGSPAN YEARBOOK POLICY

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the Wingspan yearbook is to serve the school audience, including administrators,
teachers, faculty/staff, parents, community members and most importantly, the students as an
established open forum production. Since this is a school yearbook, the content and character of the
publication will cater to the student bodys interest and ideas by covering a wide variety of events and
issues concerning the students of James Enochs High School. The yearbook also serves as a hands-on
learning tool for the yearbook staff made up of students and the yearbook adviser.
CONTENT/COVERAGE:
The yearbook will serve as a medium for student expression and ideas. The staff strives to
achieve objective, accurate content to cover and feature a well-balanced variety of students,
events and organizations on campus as well as cover student life events that reflect life off
campus. The decision-making process for content in the yearbook includes the student staff with the
help/guidance of the adviser/instructor. The goal of the yearbook is to cover ALL students at least
three times and have no misspelled names or errors; however, these goals are not easily
accomplished. The staff apologizes for such errors and/or lack of coverage.
Because school officials do not engage in prior review, and the content of Wingspan is determined by
and reflects only the views of the student staff and not the yearbook adviser, school officials or the
school itself, the student editorial board and responsible student staff members assume complete legal
and financial liability for the content of the publication.
Wingspan and its staff are protected by and bound to the principles of the First Amendment and other
protections and limitations afforded by the Constitution and the various laws and court decisions im-
plementing those principles. The California State Constitution also provides California Student Free
Expression Law (including Adviser Protection provision at Sec. (g) according to Cal. Educ. Code Sec.
48907). The staff encourages constructive criticism and suggestions before, during and after
publication, but reserves the right as the final authority for the content of the yearbook. Purchasing a
yearbook does not entitle the purchaser to any guarantees or rights regarding the book's content.
ATTRIBUTION:
All stories written by an individual will receive a byline. Any photos and artwork that appear in the
publication will receive photo/artist credit. Electronic manipulations changing the essential truth of the
photo or illustration will be clearly labeled if used and will be credited to the artist.
PORTRAITS:
Underclass portraits will be taken and submitted by the schools contracted photographer ONLY to
ensure the highest quality of reproduction. At least two opportunities will be provided for all students
and employees to have their photos taken. Students who miss both the regular and make-up portrait
days will not be included in the yearbook. If a student wishes to be excluded from the yearbook, he or
she must submit a written request to the yearbook staff and a parent or guardian must sign it.
Seniors may use the schools yearbook photographer or a photographer of their own choosing. The
student will incur the cost of their portraits, however, those that wish to take a yearbook photo only
using the school photographer will not be charged for the photo or sitting as long as they identify their
intention when they schedule their photo. Appropriate attire is required. Senior portraits (as well as any
other picture/graphic placed in the yearbook) may not display anything that is inappropriate. This
includes, but is not limited to firearms, other weapons, drugs, tobacco or alcohol. Seniors who miss the
deadline for submitting their senior portrait cannot expect to be included in the yearbook. A digital
image that meets all background and dress requirement must be submitted on CD as a jpeg file
640X800 pixels and 300dpi resolution. The staff reserves the right NOT to include portrait pictures that

9
do not meet the specifications as described in the senior letter mailed home in the spring and posted
online.

DEATH/OBITUARY:
In the occurrence of the death of a faculty/staff member or student, Wingspan will endeavor to cover it
in a tasteful, equitable, and nonjudgmental way that is sensitive to the needs of the family of the student
or teacher who has died. Wingspan will print the yearbook photo of the deceased in the student
portrait pages with his or her name, birth and death year. The staff will treat all deaths in a tasteful and
respectful manner. No cause of death will be listed with the student picture. Parents may purchase ad
space for personal memorials. Photos where the deceased appears elsewhere in the yearbook are not
changed or deleted. A book or any portion of it will NOT be dedicated to or in memory of the
deceased. Because students may pass after proofs have been returned to the publishing company, we
will provide the family of a deceased student (regardless of grade) with a complimentary copy of the
yearbook from his/her death year and make an attempt to get the book signed by friends of the
deceased. If a family does not wish to have their students death recognized, we will abide by their
wishes.
ACCURACY & OBJECTIVITY:
The Wingspan staff operates under the Modesto City School District Values: respect, responsibility,
honesty, compassion, courage and self-discipline, however, with the coverage of high school events,
students, stories, etc., content may not always reflect the same values. The Wingspan staff will strive to
report in a legal, objective, accurate and ethical manner, guided by the Statement of Principles
developed by the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) and the Code of Ethics developed
by the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ). These code of ethics models outline principles of ac-
curacy, responsibility, integrity, conflict of interest, impartiality, fair play, freedom of the press,
independence, sensationalism, personal privacy, obstruction of justice, creditability and advertising.
The adviser will not act as a censor or determine the content of the publication. The adviser will offer
advice and instruction, following the Code of Ethics for Advisers established by the Journalism
Education Association as well as the Canons of Professional Journalism. School officials shall not fire or
otherwise discipline advisers for content in student media that is determined and published by the
student staff. The student editor and staff who want appropriate outside legal advice regarding
proposed content should seek attorneys knowledgeable in media law such as those of the Student
Press Law Center. Final content decisions and responsibility shall remain with the student editorial
board. Wingspan will not avoid publishing a story solely on the basis of possible dissent or controversy.
Wingspan will not publish any material determined by student editors or the student editorial board to
be unprotected, that is, material that is libelous, obscene, materially disruptive of the school process, an
unwarranted invasion of privacy, a violation of copyright or a promotion of products or services unlawful
(illegal) as to minors as defined by state or federal law. Profanity may appear in the yearbook, but only
in cases of direct quote or if the profanity is necessary to the content of the story. In questionable cases,
the editorial board will discuss whether the use of profanity is vital to the story. Please do not confuse
profanity with obscenity. No articles or pictures of an obscene nature will be published. Definitions and
examples for the above instances of unprotected speech can be found in the Law of the Student Press
published by the Student Press Law Center.
ADVERTISING:
Advertising is accepted to raise money to help cover costs associated with the production of the
yearbook. Wingspan will accept any advertising that does not promote illegal services or products to
the students of Enochs High School. The editor(s) and adviser reserve the right to accept or deny
advertisers that are offensive to good taste or public decency based on the opinion of the staff.
Advertising should offer merchandise or service on its merits and refrain from attacking competitors
unfairly or disparaging their products, serviced or methods of business. The staff will not accept
advertising for products or groups that ate racist, sexist, illegal, or that violate other standard journalistic
principles.

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Senior tribute ads may be purchased by parents, students or organizations choosing to honor
graduating seniors. In order to purchase ad space an appointment must be scheduled with the staff
during the scheduled appointment time as stated in Senior SOAR packets and online. Parents are given
a half-hour appointment with a staff member as he/she builds a mock-up of the ad, scans photos, etc.
Parents must come to their scheduled appointment prepared with ALL required materials: completed
contract, payment, words, photos and a self-addressed, stamped, photo safe envelope for returning all
photos in the spring. The staff reserves the right to refuse service to anyone who fails to meet these
requirements. Copyright laws are honored.
MEMBERSHIP:
Wingspan is a member of the Journalism Educators Association (JEA), Journalism Educators
Association of Northern California (JEANC), Columbia Scholastic Press Association (CSPA) and The
National Scholastic Press Association (NSPA) and has access to its resources as well as those of the
Student Press Law Center. The adviser maintains membership in JEA.
EDITORIAL RIGHTS:
The duly appointed editor, co-editors or editorial board shall interpret and enforce this editorial policy.
As preservers of democracy, our schools shall protect, encourage and enhance free speech and the
exchange of ideas as a means of protecting our American way of life.

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RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES

WINGSPAN JOB DESCRIPTIONS

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EDITOR IN CHIEF/MANAGING EDITORS
Completes the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
Acts as link between the adviser and the entire
publications staff
Has a vision for the book and a clear idea of the
direction the yearbook will take: 1) a concept or a
theme, 2) sections the book will have, 3) coverage as it
relates to telling everyones story, new angles for
traditional events, day-to-day routine
Coordinates ladder and deadline schedule with
adviser
Keeps accurate ladder--Assigns specific pages to
deadlines and oversees ladder: knows page numbers,
staff assignments status
Oversees deadlines: which spreads are assigned,
tracks progress of each spread, packages and checks
each spread for submission
Acts as staff cheerleader--manages and motivates staff
Prepares pages for submission to the plant
Directly supervises cover, endsheets, theme pages,
opening, closing, title and divisions
Completes colophon spread and copy
Oversees proof corrections with adviser
NEVER misses a writing deadline and sets example for
rest of the staff
Sets goals and evaluates success of goals
Conducts regular editorial board meetings (once a
week 1 hour) and works one-on-one with editorial
board members critiquing their work, checking
progress, motivating, problem solving
Oversees index: student master list, indexing after
deadline, spelling
Tracks coverage: keeps list of students not covered or
over covered
Collects weekly calendars
Maintains class calendar
Organizes ALL CALL for the last 5 minutes of class for
staff to complete agenda
Oversees Senior advertising sales and keeps files and
spreadsheet with accurate details.
Follows up on delinquent accounts sending invoices to
advertisers
Flows in indexed names once design for index has
been completed
Attends weekly editorial meetings
THESE DUTIES ARE TRADITIONALLY SHARED AMONG
EDITORIAL STAFF MEMBERSINDIVIDUAL
RESPONSIBILITIES WILL BE DETERMINED AT
EDITORIAL MEETINGS
COPY EDITOR
Completes the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
STAFF
Supervises all written work for yearbook
Works with editors to determine copy assignments
each deadline
Assigns headlines to writing team, may be done in
groups
Assigns captions to writing team
Creates schedule of mini-deadlines to allow for
research, interviewing and rewriting
Keeps ladder (by deadline) of copy due
Tracks progress of articles on a daily basis
Supervises copy writers
Reads, critiques, edits all draft copy
Schedules meetings with writers to discuss copy
revisions
13
Gives to editor-in-chief/adviser all final copy for final
edit/approval
Prepares information sheets for clubs, class sponsors,
team coaches to complete
Reads copy for spelling, grammar and style
consistency
Helps editor with copy content on cover, endsheets,
theme-related pages, opening, divisions, closing
Keeps an idea file of good writing samples from other
yearbooks, magazines, newspapers, etc. and displays
them
Makes all copy changes on proofs
NEVER misses a writing deadline
Attends weekly editorial meetings
DESIGN TEAM
Completes the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
STAFF as well as DESIGN TEAM duties
Has strong skills in Photoshop & InDesign
Plans visual execution of yearbook concept/ theme
through fonts, layouts and graphics to create overall
unified design
Works with section editors to discern specific needs of
section
Creates visual unifiers throughout each section and for
entire book
Looks for ways to avoid visual monotony within
sections by using at least 4 layout alternatives,
vertical/horizontal dominant styles, feature departure
style
Organizes/creates InDesign templates, snippets,
library, color palettes, etc.
Works with designers and section editors to modify
layouts, as necessary, to meet spread needs
Creates and compiles a visual idea file from
magazines, catalogs, etc.
Check layouts for consistency and quality
Trains staff how to design layouts following template
formats
Helps other staffers layout spreads
Completes final design for cover, dividers, endsheets
NEVER misses a writing deadline and sets example for
rest of the staff
Attends weekly editorial meetings
PHOTO EDITOR
Completes the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
STAFF
Supervises all photography for yearbook
Supervises and assigns all photos
Assigns mini-deadlines to provide time for adequate
coverage
Creates file ID to identify photographer
Organizes photo files for easy access
Establishes a way to mark photos once they have been
used
Keeps and tracks calendar of school activities in
yearbook room for photo coverage
Trains staff how to use and complete Photo
Assignment Sheets
Trains photographers and staffers how to set up group
photos and get names
Supervises photographers so that captions and photo
IDs are placed once photos are selected for layouts
Compiles an idea file of good photos from periodicals,
catalogs, etc. and shares them
Treats equipment with care, charges batteries, uploads
images
 Color corrects images for use
NEVER misses a writing deadline
Attends weekly editorial meetings
SPORTS INFO DIRECTOR
Complete the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
STAFF as well as SPORTS INFO DIRECTOR duties
Maintains Sports Binder with updated schedules for
recording ALL scoreswill be checked quarterly
Records scores, dates, stats, player of the week
information, etc.
Communicates with Athletic Director for missing
information and coach contact information
Completes score boards and team photo names with
accuracy on sports spreads
Checks in with Athletic Director regularly for updates or
changes in schedule
Maintains correspondence with Shoob regarding sports
photos throughout the season.
Attends athletic eventsat least one per sportgathers
quotes from coaches about game/team
Maintains an organized system to index athletic teams
and players with ME for indexing
NEVER misses a writing deadline and sets example for
rest of the staff
PRODUCTION STAFF
Works together as a team
Follows leadership of the editor(s) and adviser in
absences
Attends class regularly and follows up with
editors/adviser
Makes arrangements to get work completed and/or
turned in
Sells advertisements to meet $400 quota
Types all interview questions and turns them in for
approval
Conducts interviews prior to writing stories with
professionalism
Writes headlines, captions, and copy for assigned
spreads
Completes all assigned spreads on time
Treats others with respect
Takes care of ALL yearbook equipment
Checks email regularly and participates in online
assignments and discussions
Keeps all yearbook business CONFIDENTIAL
Takes pride and ownership in making a great yearbook
PHOTOGRAPHER/CHIEF PHOTOGRAPHER
Completes the responsibilities of the PRODUCTION
STAFF as well as PHOTOGRAPHER duties
Keeps an updated calendar on hand always of events,
sports, meetings, etc.
Completes photo assignments to cover all events,
sports, club meetings, etc.
Keeps accurate records of all caption information
WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE,
Shoots photos whenever possible
Treats equipment with care, charges batteries, uploads
images
NEVER misses a writing deadline and sets example for
rest of the staff
SOCIAL MANAGER
Checks in monthly with SBO to track yearbook sales and
check club account
Organizes yearbook distribution party
Keeps an accurate and updated calendar of all STAFF
BIRTHDAYS
Coordinates parents and students for layout night
dinners and drinks
Coordinates birthday celebrationsfood, cards, treats,
etc.
Organizes secret buddies, holiday events, parties, etc.
to build morale
Helps coordinate end-of-year awards
Plans games and fun things for the staff throughout the
year
NEVER misses a writing deadline and sets example for
rest of the staff
Attends weekly editorial meetings
Prepares bulletin announcements, thank-you notes
when needed
ADVISER
Teaches, trains, and coaches staff in a positive work
environmentexposing staff to a variety of good
journalism
Guides editorial board in decision making but
occasionally makes final decisions based on
legal/school/budget issues
Coordinates workshop and convention details, travel,
and funding
Grades student work, maintains accurate grade records
and communicates with staffers about individual
progress
Provides suggestions and assistance with theme/design
Checks ALL deadline pages and proof pages
Checks that all work is of HIGHEST quality and maturity
to maintain professional and ethical reputation of the
publication
Helps editors mediate when conflict arises
Does not write stories, complete student assignments,
run spell-check, conduct interviews, sell ads

Leadership positions and titles on staff are determined by the adviser and can be withdrawn if students fail to meet their job
requirement. All positions are important to the production and success of the yearbook. Jobs also morph with needs of staff, size
of staff and skills of staff, so this list is not entirely or necessarily reflective of this years staff. It is provided as a general rule of
thumb.

14
RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES

FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

CALIFORNIA STUDENT FREE EXPRESSION LAW

Citation: Cal. Educ. Code Sec. 48907--Student exercise of free expression.
February 22, 1977

Students of the public schools shall have the right to exercise freedom of speech and of the
press including, but not limited to, the use of bulletin boards, the distribution of printed
materials or petitions, the wearing of buttons, badges, and other insignia, and the right of
expression in official publications, whether or not such publications or other means of
expression are supported financially by the school or by use of school facilities, except that
expression shall be prohibited which is obscene, libelous, or slanderous. Also prohibited shall
be material which so incites students as to create a clear and present danger of the commission
of unlawful acts on school premises or the violation of lawful school regulations, or the
substantial disruption of the orderly operation of the school.

Each governing board of a school district and each county board of education shall adopt rules and
regulations in the form of a written publications code, which shall include reasonable provisions for the
time, place, and manner of conducting such activities within its respective jurisdiction.

Student editors of official school publications shall be responsible for assigning and editing the news,
editorial, and feature content of their publications subject to the limitations of this section. However, it
shall be the responsibility of a journalism adviser or advisers of student publications within each school
to supervise the production of the student staff, to maintain professional standards of English and
journalism, and to maintain the provisions of this section.

There shall be no prior restraint of material prepared for official school publications except insofar as it
violates this section. School officials shall have the burden of showing justification without undue delay
prior to any limitation of student expression under this section.

"Official school publications" refers to materials produced by students in the journalism, newspaper,
yearbook, or writing classes and distributed to the student body either free or for a fee.

Nothing in this section shall prohibit or prevent any governing board of a school district from adopting
otherwise valid rules and regulations relating to oral communication by students upon the premises of
each school.

15
RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES

CALIFORNIA LEONARD LAW

Citation: Calif. Educ. Code Section 48950
September 30, 1992

Summary:

In addition to the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, states can provide additional free speech
protection their own citizens by enacting state laws or regulations. California Educ. Code Sec. 48950,
also known as the "Leonard Law," does just that. California is the only state that has enacted a law that
prohibits private high schools from making or enforcing any rule that would subject a student to
disciplinary action for engaging in expression (on or off campus) that would be protected by the First
Amendment or the California Constitution's free expression provision if it occurred off campus.

The legislative history of the law states: "It is the intent of the Legislature that a student shall have the
same right to exercise his or her right to free speech on campus as he or she enjoys when off campus."

- Section 4(b) of Stats.1992, c. 1363 (S.B.1115)

Section 48950

(a) School districts operating one or more high schools and private secondary schools shall not
make or enforce any rule subjecting any high school pupil to disciplinary sanctions solely on the
basis of conduct that is speech or other communication that, when engaged in outside of the
campus, is protected from governmental restriction by the First Amendment to the United States
Constitution or Section 2 of Article 1 of the California Constitution.

(b) Any pupil enrolled in a school that has made or enforced any rule in violation of subdivision (a) may
commence a civil action to obtain appropriate injunctive and declaratory relief as determined by the
court. Upon motion, a court may award attorney's fees to a prevailing plaintiff in a civil action pursuant
to this section.

(c) This section does not apply to any private secondary school that is controlled by a religious
organization, to the extent that the application of this section would not be consistent with the religious
tenets of the organization.

(d) Nothing in this section prohibits the imposition of discipline for harassment, threats, or intimidation,
unless constitutionally protected.

(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede, or otherwise limit or modify, the provisions
of Section 48907.

(f) The Legislature finds and declares that free speech rights are subject to reasonable time, place, and
manner regulations.

16
RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES

SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS

CODE OF ETHICS

Preamble
Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice
and the foundation of democracy. The duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and
providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious journalists from all media and
specialties strive to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty. Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a
journalist's credibility. Members of the Society share a dedication to ethical behavior and adopt this code to
declare the Society's principles and standards of practice.

The SPJ Code of Ethics is voluntarily embraced by thousands of journalists, regardless of place or platform, and is
widely used in newsrooms and classrooms as a guide for ethical behavior. The code is intended not as a set of
"rules" but as a resource for ethical decision-making. It is not nor can it be under the First Amendment legally
enforceable.
Seek Truth and Report It
Journalists should be honest, fair and courageous in gathering, reporting and interpreting information.

Journalists should:
Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to avoid inadvertent error. Deliberate
distortion is never permissible.
Diligently seek out subjects of news stories to give them the opportunity to respond to allegations of
wrongdoing.
Identify sources whenever feasible. The public is entitled to as much information as possible on sources'
reliability.
Always question sources motives before promising anonymity. Clarify conditions attached to any promise
made in exchange for information. Keep promises.
Make certain that headlines, news teases and promotional material, photos, video, audio, graphics, sound
bites and quotations do not misrepresent. They should not oversimplify or highlight incidents out of context.
Never distort the content of news photos or video. Image enhancement for technical clarity is always
permissible.
Label montages and photo illustrations.
Avoid misleading re-enactments or staged news events. If re-enactment is necessary to tell a story, label it.
Avoid undercover or other surreptitious methods of gathering information except when traditional open
methods will not yield information vital to the public. Use of such methods should be explained as part of the
story
Never plagiarize.
Tell the story of the diversity and magnitude of the human experience boldly, even when it is unpopular to do
so.
Examine their own cultural values and avoid imposing those values on others.
Avoid stereotyping by race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity, geography, sexual orientation, disability, physical
appearance or social status.
Support the open exchange of views, even views they find repugnant.
Give voice to the voiceless; official and unofficial sources of information can be equally valid.
Distinguish between advocacy and news reporting. Analysis and commentary should be labeled and not
misrepresent fact or context.
Distinguish news from advertising and shun hybrids that blur the lines between the two.
Recognize a special obligation to ensure that the public's business is conducted in the open and that
government records are open to inspection.

17
Minimize Harm
Ethical journalists treat sources, subjects and colleagues as human beings deserving of respect.

Journalists should:
Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when
dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects.
Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or grief.
Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not
a license for arrogance.
Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than do public
officials and others who seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify
intrusion into anyones privacy.
Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.
Be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex crimes.
Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges.
Balance a criminal suspects fair trial rights with the publics right to be informed.

Act Independently
Journalists should be free of obligation to any interest other than the public's right to know.

Journalists should:
Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived.
Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility.
Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and shun secondary employment, political
involvement, public office and service in community organizations if they compromise journalistic integrity.
Disclose unavoidable conflicts.
Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power accountable.
Deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and resist their pressure to influence news
coverage.
Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money; avoid bidding for news.

Be Accountable
Journalists are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and each other.

Journalists should:
Clarify and explain news coverage and invite dialogue with the public over journalistic conduct.
Encourage the public to voice grievances against the news media.
Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.
Expose unethical practices of journalists and the news media.
Abide by the same high standards to which they hold others.

The SPJ Code of Ethics is voluntarily embraced by thousands of writers, editors and other news professionals. The present version
of the code was adopted by the 1996 SPJ National Convention, after months of study and debate among the Society's members.

Sigma Delta Chi's first Code of Ethics was borrowed from the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1926. In 1973, Sigma
Delta Chi wrote its own code, which was revised in 1984, 1987 and 1996.

18
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

FIVE STEPS TO JOURNALISTIC REVERENCE

1. The lead is the best sentence in your article. It should be tight, focused, and informational. Does
it grab your attention and paint a complete picture? If not, its language needs to be sassed up and
information needs to be added. Depending on the type of story, you may need to answer more of
the 5Ws & H, use descriptive language to set a scene, or come up with a creative anecdote or
concise, gripping statement or argument. Take the reader into the moment. No broad, general
statements about teens, life, society or the world. No question leads. Instead answer questions. No
John Lennon leads. (Imagine all the people) No quote leads. Rarely is a quote powerful enough
to carry the beginning of a story. Unless you have a morsel of brilliancedont start your story with it.
2. Everything is clear, easy to understand, and makes sense. Do you explain complex ideas in
simple ways? Do you answer any questions your article might raise for a reader? Your article should
constantly be giving information, be it about a news event, a place or scene, a review, or an
argument. Make a note where the information delivery dies. That is a spot you need to revise, either
by deleting unsubstantiated ideas or expanding ideas to make them clear and lucid.
3. Facts, sources, facts, sources, facts. All the information in a news story (this includes profiles of
people) MUST be attributed to an individual or organization. Report what others say. Dont make
your own original statements or observations in a news story. Let others tell the story and present
the info. In a review or editorial piece, you are allowed to express your opinion, but you need to
support it with facts and observations. No need to make up a scenario or anything else. Your
story is about a person or eventany information or detail that is not specifically about your person
or story should be omitted.
4. The best information in the best order. Remember the inverted pyramid. Put your best facts, your
best quotes, your best descriptions, and the most important information in the top of your article.
Articles may be cut for length due to space constraints, so be sure youve got the goods up top
where they belong. Dont be afraid to cut and rearrange paragraphs and sentences. This is an
extremely important step that can greatly improve an articles flow and the delivery of information.
5. Dragon vision is fully armed and extremely dangerous to violations of standard English
conventions, grammar, and Associated Press style. Writing should be in short sentences with
obvious nouns and verbs. Longer sentences are joined with conjunctions (and, but, or, so, yet);
independent and dependent clauses have commas (Ex: Because her journalism students are so
fantastic, Mrs. McCarthy loves teaching the class.); commonly misspelled words are spelled
correctly (your/youre, their/there/theyre, its/its, too/to/two, effect/affect, etc.); full titles are
capitalized and abbreviations are not (South Hadley School Committee vs. school committee);
people quoted in stories are properly introduced and subsequently referred to (Principal Dan
Smith/Senior Ben Desmaris on first reference, Smith said/Desmaris said/he said on second
reference; typos, missing words, malapropisms are detected and obliterated (the hiker reached the
pineapple of the mountain); numbers one through nine spelled out, 10 and over in numeral form.
Keep verbs in simple present, past or future. If our main verb has an ing ending, youre in the
wrong tense. Adverbs (words that end in LY) signal a weak verb is nearby. Change them!
Example: (BAD) He walked quickly into the classroom as the bell was ringing. (GOOD) He sprinted
into the classroom as the bell rang. No indefinite pronouns: some, many, most, etc. Words and
phrases NOT TO BE USED IN YOUR WRITING: very, this year, suddenly, a lot, name of the school
(Hello? DUH!), onlyDue means a train or a baby. You usually mean because. People use
who. Objects use that. Dont use elevated language. Save the SAT words for AP English. If a
sentence has that in it, read the sentence without it. If it makes sense, omit it.

PLEASE CONSULT AN AP STYLE BOOK OR THE JOURNALISTS BIBLE FOR MORE EXAMPLES OF
APPROPRIATE AP STYLE. Your readers will thank you profusely for your due diligence in
creating clear, entertaining, informative, and error-free articles.

19
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

YEARBOOK CONDENSED AP STYLE GUIDE

NAMES AND TITLES
1. Use first and last names on first reference for students and adults. If the name is mentioned again, use
only the last name.
2. Do not use courtesy titles such as Mr. or Ms. in front of names of teachers or other adults.
3. Identify people the first time their name is used. Identify students by year or class, teachers or other
school employees by position at school and people from outside school by position held relevant to the
story. (Brian Roberts 09 or senior Brian Roberts; James Witt, English Department, or Principal Roger Mills;
Jane Smith, parent of senior Janet Smith) Never use a single initial. Be sure names are spelled correctly.
Example: (adults) Miss Jeanette Jones, Mr. J. Paul Smith, Dr. N. W. Green; (students) George Swanson,
Mary Smith.

CAPITALIZATION
Do Capitalize:
1. All proper nouns, months, days of the week, holidays. Example: Denver, May, Monday, Fourth of July.
2. Names of sections of the country but not directions. Example: He visited the Southwest. He ran west.
3. One-word titles when they precede names of adults. Example: Coach Jerry Jones, Principal Gus Allen
4. Full names of schools, clubs, organizations, streets, geographical areas, or companies. Example:
Roosevelt Junior High School, Washington School, Stamp Club, Girls Athletic Association, Ninth Street,
San Francisco Bay, Shell Oil Company.
5. Proper names for races and nationalities. Example: Caucasian, Asian, American; but black, white.
6. Names of athletic teams. Example: Giants, Cougars.
7. Principal words in titles of books, plays, movies, or songs, including a, an, or the when it appears first in
the title. Example: The House of Seven Gables, A Christmas Carol.

Do Not Capitalize:
1. School subjects, except languages or specific course titles. (i.e., social studies, algebra, journalism; but
French, English, Algebra I).
2. Personal titles used without names. Example: The principal came into the room.
3. Abbreviations for the time of day. Example: a.m., p.m.
4. Seasons of the year. Example: summer, spring.
5. Academic departments, except for words derived from proper nouns: Example: English department,
math department.
6. Names of classes. example: ninth grade, junior.
7. Boards and committees, unless given a distinctive name. Example: student council, dance committee,
student body, student court; but Bar Association, United States Senate.
8. School rooms and buildings, except for those with special names. Example: auditorium, girls gym; but
Room 106, Harrison Gymnasium.

DATES AND TIMES

1. Dates are written one way only. Example: May 8; never May 8th, 8 May, or the 8th of May.
2. Never use the year for a date within the current year, nor the preceding or coming year unless there
would be confusion. Example: December 12, last April 5, next June.
3. Do not use the word on before days or dates. Example: They met Sunday. They will meet May 25.
4. Do not use the word oclock in showing time. Omit the zeros for even hours. Example: 3:10 p.m., 2 p.m.,
11:45 a.m., 12 noon.

20
FIGURES
1. Always use figures for ages, dimensions, money, percentages, days of the month, degrees, hours of the
day, scores, room numbers, page or chapter numbers and street numbers. Example: 16 years old, 6 feet,
10 cents, 200 percent, Chapter 2.
2. Except for those numbers in the rule above, spell out numbers to and including nine and use figures for
numbers 10 and over.
3. Use the abbreviations st, nd, rd, and th after numbered streets above Ninth but never with dates.
Example: First Street, South 21st Street, October 21.
4. For money under $1, use figures and the word cents; for $1 or over, use the dollar sign. Do not use zeros
when they are not needed: 25 cents, $1.50, $10.
5. Do not begin a sentence with a figure/number. Spell it out or rewrite the sentence. (Twenty-one students
studied)
6. In a list containing numbers below and above 10, use figures for all.

ABBREVIATIONS
1. Always write the complete name of an organization on first reference (National Honor Society), and the
abbreviation without periods on subsequent references (NHS).
2. Titles written before a name should be abbreviated (Dr. Lucy Lewis).
3. Capitalize mascots (Red Devils), group names (National Scholastic Press Association), awards (Pacemaker),
documents (Bill of Rights), geographic locations (the West) and other proper nouns.
4. Do not capitalize school subjects unless you are referring to specific courses (Pre-Calculus, math; World
History, history class). Always capitalize languages (English, Spanish).
5. Do not capitalize junior varsity, varsity or freshman and the names of sports in copy and captions (junior
varsity football, freshman basketball). Use a different style for identification of team pictures.
6. Do not capitalize names of classes (senior class, sophomore girls).
7. For school departments, capitalize the name but not the word department (English department). For
clubs, capitalize the name and the word club (Chess Club).
8. Capitalize titles when they precede names but not when they follow names. (Principal Roger Mills; Roger
Mills, principal)

TITLES
1. Enclose in quotation marks the titles of plays, poems, chapters, movies, songs, or radio and TV programs.
2. Underline or italicize book titles

Internet and Technology Related

1. Internet and World Wide Web are capitalized. When shortened to the Web, Web page or Web site it is
also capitalized; but webcam, webcast, webmaster are not.
2. The following words are spelled this way: CD-ROM, HTTP, login, logon, logoff, screen saver, home page,
offline, online, cyberspace, cell phone, chat room, database, dot-com, double-click, download, DVD.

PUNCTUATION
Colons
1. To introduce a series after the following or a similar term but not after verbs such as are or include: The
following officers were elected: Joe Smith, Jane Lutton, and Chris Fields. New officers are Joe Smith,
Jane Lutton, and Chris Fields.
2. Use in giving the time of day, but not in even hours. Example: 3:15 p.m., 10 a.m.
3. Use along with a period to separate minutes and seconds in sports times. Example: His time was 6:17.5

Commas
1. Use to separate all words in a series, but not before the conjunction and. Example: The national flag is
red, white and blue.
2. Use to set off parenthetical expressions or nonessential clauses. Example: John Jones, whom I met
yesterday, will be there tonight.
3. Use to set off appositives, nouns of address, or identifications. Example: Mary White, sophomore, was
chosen

21
4. Use to separate a quotation from the rest of the sentence. Example: Ill invite you, said John, to my
party tonight.
5. Use in numbers over 999, except for street numbers, telephone numbers or time numbers.
6. Use after an introductory clause. Example: When the boy reached school, he went to his locker. If you
go, I will not.

Apostrophes
1. Use to form a possessive. Example: Tims shoes, Miss Burns room, childrens toys, womens hats.
2. Use in contractions or to show omitted letters or figures. Example: its (meaning it is), dont, 74.
3. Use in plurals of letters and figures. Example: Ss, 7s.
4. Do not use in possessive pronouns. Example: theirs, its, hers, yours, whose.

Quotation Marks
1. Use to show the exact words of a speaker.
2. Periods and commas are always placed within quotation marks, question marks and exclamation points
only if they are a part of the quotation. Example: Did you study your homework? she asked. Have you
seen Lord of the Rings?

Hyphens
1. The general rule for the use of hyphens in compound words-- learn how to spell them or look them up.
2. Use in certain common compound titles. Example: vice-president, all-state team, sergeant-at-arms
3. Do not use in such words as weekend, copyreader, makeup, textbook, cheerleader, homecoming, lineup or
basketball.
4. Use with compound adjectives but not with the same words used as nouns. Example: 50-yard line, six-day
trip, cherry-red dress; but He ran 50 yards. The trip lasted six days.
5. Use in sports scores. Example: North won 6-3.
6. When two or more adjectives express a single concept, use hyphens to link all the words in the compound.
Example: Four-year study, 12-member council, 28-year-old woman.
7. Do not link words with hyphens when the adverb very is part of the group. Example: A very-good time.
8. Do not link the words with hyphens when you have adverbs ending in -ly as part of the phrase. Example:
Not an especially-good time.

ATTRIBUTION
1. Use said when attributing quotes unless a person actually yelled, whispered, etc. DO NOT use present says.
2. Place said after the name because the name is most important.
3. Do not use phrases such as when asked.
4. Do not use direct quotes for factual information. Sources exact words are not necessary.
5. Place the attribution after the quote; start a new paragraph after the attribution. Do not bury direct quotes in
the middle of paragraphs; place them in paragraphs of their own.
6. When direct quotes are long, place the attribution in the middle, between sentences.

A FEW MORE THINGS TO REMEMBER

1. Space once after periods.
2. Use a style sheet.
3. Take the reader into the moment. No broad, general statements about teens, life, society or the world.
4. No question leads. Instead answer the question.
5. Keep verbs in simple present, past or future. If your main verb has an ing ending, youre in the wrong
tense.
6. Avoid there to begin a sentence.
7. No indefinite pronouns: some, many, most, etc.
8. Due means a train or a baby. You usually mean because.
9. People use who. Objects use that.
10. If a sentence has that in it, read the sentence without it, and if it makes sense, omit that.

PLEASE CONSULT AN AP STYLE BOOK FOR MORE EXAMPLES OF APPROPRIATE AP STYLE. Your readers
will thank you for your due diligence in creating clear, entertaining, informative, and error-free stories.

22
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

WORDS TO AVOID IN JOURNALISTIC WRITING

IN COPY: some
a great deal sort of
a lot spirit (The team shows its spirit )
a variety of 2013 or 2014 (any year within 12 months)
all the hard work paid off stuff
appears to be ... there is, there are, it is, it was - at the
basically beginnings of sentences
believes thing/things
definitely this year
done under the direction of ...
Enochs High School unlike any other
EHS
etc. (the abbreviation) various
everybody very
everyone when asked about ...
everyone had a good time zeroes in times (10:00)
extremely
feels IN QUOTES:
goals and purposes (for anything) All the hard work paid off
great Hard work and dedication
great deal It is/was fun or any quote that uses fun
It was Its a building year
It is Like no other
like Unlike any other
like no other We have spirit
many We were like a family (in sports stories)
most adjectives and adverbs,
most of the first and second person pronouns IN CAPTIONS:
we, our, you, your, I, me except in quotes. left to right in captions for groups and teams
nice looking on
numerous pictured above or below or whatever
rather posing for the camera
really smiling for the camera
passion
says for attribution, instead of said or anything OMIT WHENEVER POSSIBLE
else except said. Likewise, no stated, a
commented, smiled, laughed an
seems to be that
several the

23
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

GOOD WRITING BAD WRITING

There are two types of writers: good writers and quitters. Tell them a story worth remembering

TYPES OF STORIES TYPES OF LEADS

Snapshot of a moment Meaningful quotes.
Observation Dialog.
Personality profile Sensory descriptions.
First person Strong verbs.
News-based feature Specific nouns.
Creative approach Active voice.
Anecdote.

ITS TIME TO PEOPLE WATCH.

To watch. To look. To see. To hear. Take everything in. The details. The words. The interaction.
Its time to people watch. Just like going to the mall.

OBSERVE BODY MOTION: gestures, facial expressions, eye movements, posture

Example: As the judges took The Blain Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 to the stage, senior Amanda Roberts
eyes searched the crowd for approval.

PARALANGUAGE: voice qualities, speech habits, inflection, volume, tone, laughing. Not what is said, but
how it is said.
Example: Applause roared through the cafeteria at the final note.

SPACE: perception of physical space, how people interact with each other. (Seinfelds Close Talker episode)
Example: She refused to conform to the slow shuffle of the other students walking in the hallway.

OBJECTS: things we surround ourselves with such as jewelry, notebooks, backpacks, eyeglasses -- signs of
wealth, poverty, power, age...Example: Gathering her notes and flashcards with a satisfied expression,
Jenelle stood.

TOUCH: Handshakes, embraces, pats on the back, punches, taps

Example: With a strong push in the back, the girls fell into the pool with the big sisters chanting Welcome to
varsity.

TIME: The way people use time may speak volumes.

Example: Walking up the steps from the table in the cafeteria, sophomore Lindsay Davenport gasped as she
came to abrupt halt.

THE INTERVIEW
QUOTES: answers given during the interview that contain emotion, opinion and character
DIALOG: conversation said while an event is in progress.

Can be gathered either by observing the event or by having a participant recall the interchange.
Hint: If you get stupid answers, you didnt do your part. Stupid answers include: a lot. Only facts, no
emotions or opinions. No new information. Attempts to be funny. Clichs. Great quotes include: Voice.
Opinions and emotion. Profound insights into character.

THE WRITING PROCESS - NOTS

Make handwriting neater. Leave out all the scratch-outs.
Use the thesaurus to find bigger words.
Computer spell check and grammar check.
Type it.
Add filler to make it longer.

24
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

GOOD WRITING REQUIRES REVISION

REVISION - STEP 1
REVISION - STEP 5
Run a word count. Write that number in the top
Underline all the verb phrases twice. On a separate
right corner of the first page.
sheet of paper list the verbs straight down the page.
Look for weak verbs and rewrite those sentences.
REVISION - STEP 2
(ing verbs, verbs with lots of helpers, be verbs)
Read it aloud. Mark any place where you stumble,
pause in confusion or have to reread.
For Example - Bad Verbs
Rewrite those sentences.
The good ol boy system was still intact with
administrators at a high school in South Arkansas
REVISION - STEP 3
when I sat down with them one afternoon. The topic
Look for summarized or implied dialog
of discussion was the lack of qualified bus drivers
Rewrite using the actual exchanges said during
when I walked into the office after teaching summer
scene.
school English that August.
For example:
Bad Verbs: Was, Sat, Was, Walked
I slinked into the publications room that Monday,
picked up an application from the quiet lady in the
For Example - Better Verbs
classroom brimming with activity. I filled it out and
Administrators rooted in the good ol boy system
returned it. Hope Carroll took me when I needed it
complained they didnt have enough bus drivers.
most. I was in.
After federal courts combined two rival school sys-
tems in the name of desegregation, the bus
Revised:
superintendent reconfigured routes for this small
I dried my tears, and on Monday morning, trudged
Arkansas school district creating a need for even
into the publications room, picked up an application,
more bus drivers.
filled it out and turned it in. To my surprise, they took
Where are we ever gonna get that many drivers,
me.
the bus superintendent said. Hell, were scraping
Welcome to yearbook, said the lady with glasses
bottom now.
that covered half her face and a reassuring voice that
I can drive a bus, I said as I entered the room. They
let me know others had suffered setbacks and found
rebuffed me with laughter and woman-driver jokes.
their home, I know youll just love it here. Everyone
does.
Active Verbs: Rooted, Complained, Didnt have,
Combined, Reconfigured, Rebuffed
REVISION - STEP 4
Circle all the -ly words -- adverbs.
REVISION - STEP 6
Select a better verb if the adverb enhances. Keep
Spell check and grammar check with Word.
the adverb if it contradicts the meaning of the verb.
Check readability statistics under preferences.
(This will tell you what percentage of your sentences
For example - enhances
are in passive voice.) Aim for less than five percent
At the end of my junior year, I anxiously applied for
passive voice.
an editors position.
Compare the word count from the first step. By
At the end of my junior year, I applied for a couple of
now, the piece should be 10 percent fewer words.
editor positions.
REVISION - STEP 7
For example - enhances
Leave the story alone for at least 24 hours.
The teachers high heels clicked with each step as
Read it aloud.
she purposely walked to Edwards desk.
Make any needed changes.
The teachers high heels clicked with each step as
she headed to Edwards desk.
FINAL DRAFT
At this point, an edit from another writer is crucial.
For example - contradicts
Make those noted corrections.
She leaned down close to his ear and whispered
You should now have a great story.
loudly, If you think youre funny, think again.

A whisper is not loud so theres a contradiction there:

killing me softly

25
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

THE INDESIGN TOOLBAR

Some tools in the
toolbox are for selecting,
editing, and creating
page elements. Other
tools are for choosing
type, shapes, lines, and
gradients. You can
change the overall
layout of the toolbox to
fit your preferred
window and panel
layout. By default, the
toolbox appears as a
single vertical column of
tools. You can also set it
up as a double vertical
column or as one
horizontal row. However,
you cant rearrange the
positions of individual
tools in the toolbox. You
can drag the top of the
toolbox to move it.

Select a tool from the

default toolbox by
clicking it. The toolbox
also contains several
hidden tools related to
the visible tools. Hidden
tools are indicated by
arrows to the right of the
tool icons. Select a
hidden tool by clicking
and holding the current
tool in the toolbox and
then selecting the tool
that you want. The name
of the tool and its
keyboard shortcut
appear when you hold
the pointer over the
toolthis text is called
the tool tip. You can turn
off tool tips by choosing
none from the Tool Tips
menu in Interface
preferences.

26
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

THE PHOTOSHOP TOOLBAR

27
 Windows
InDesign CS5 Shortcuts
Mac Windows Mac
InDesign Help F1 Help Step & Repeat Ctrl+Alt+U Command+Option+U
Herff Jones Select All Ctrl+A Command+A
plug-ins Herff Jones Herff Jones Deselect All Ctrl+Shift+A Command+Shift+A
Layout Builder/ Window menu Window menu Edit in Story Editor Ctrl+Y Command+Y
Art Placer/GO!
TOOLS OF THE Design
TRADELibraries Quick Apply Ctrl+Enter Commmand+Return
Redraw screen Shift+F5 Shift+F5 Find/Change Ctrl+F Command+F

INDESIGN KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

Preferences General Ctrl+K Command+K Find Next Ctrl+Alt+F Command+Option+F
Delete Preferences Check Spelling Ctrl+I Command+I
at start up Ctrl+Alt+Shift Command+Shift+Option+Ctrl Insert selected text into
Find What box Windows
Crtl+F1 Mac
Command+F1
Windows
Windows Mac Mac Change To box Crtl+F2Windows Command+F2
Mac
File Paragraph Trademark
Update Content Ctrl + F5
New
Trademark
Paragraph Ctrl+N
Alt+2 Command
Option+2 +N Make style match text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+R
Trademark Alt+2 Command+Shift+Option+R
Option+2 Insert White S
Option+R Open White
Insert Make style
Spacematch textCtrl+O
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+R Command+O
Command+Shift+Option+R Drop White
Insert Caps &Space Em Space
Browse
Em Space (Adobe
Drop CapsBridge)
& Ctrl+Alt+O
Ctrl+Shift+M Command+Option+O
Command+Shift+M IndexingNested Styles
Em Space Ctrl+Alt+R
Ctrl+Shift+M Command+Option+R
Command+Shift+M En Space
n+R Close Document
En Space
Nested Styles Ctrl+W
Ctrl+Shift+N
Ctrl+Alt+R Command+W
Command+Shift+N
Command+Option+R Index Palette
Set Keep
En Space Options Shift+F8 Ctrl+Alt+K
Ctrl+Shift+N Shift+F8
Command+Option+K
Command+Shift+N Forced Lin
n+K Close
ForcedAll
SetLine
KeepBreak Ctrl+Alt+Shift+W
Options ShiftCtrl+Alt+K
+ Enter Command +Shift+Option+W
ShiftCommand+Option+K
+ Enter Mark Proper Names
Paragraph Rules
Forced Line Break Ctrl+Alt+Shift+]
Ctrl+Alt+J
Shift + Enter Command+Option+Shift+]
Command+Option+J
Shift + Enter Nonbreaki
n+J Save
Nonbreaking
Paragraph Space Ctrl+S
Rules Ctrl+Alt+X
Ctrl+Alt+J Command+S
Command+Option+X
Command+Option+J Mark Clubs/Businesses
Paragraph
Nonbreaking Ctrl+Alt+Shift+[
Justification
Space Ctrl+Shift+Alt+J
Ctrl+Alt+X Command+Option+Shift+[
Shift+Command+Option+J
Command+Option+X Thin Space
Option+J Save
Thin asParagraph
Space Ctrl+Shift+S
Justification
Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+J Command +Shift+S
Command+Shift+Option+M
Shift+Command+Option+J Nonbreaking
Thin Space
Character Space Ctrl+Alt+X
Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M Command+Option+X
Ctrl+T Command+T
Command+Shift+Option+M
Save a Copy
Character Ctrl+Alt+S
Ctrl+T Command+Option+S
Command+T Index New Cross
Paragraph Ctrl+Alt+T Command+Option+T Text
Save All Ctrl+Alt+Shift+S Command+Shift+Option+S Reference
Tabs Ctrl+UCtrl+Shift+T Command+U
Command+Shift+T
n+T Text Paragraph Ctrl+Alt+T Command+Option+T Text Align Center
T Place Ctrl+D Command+D Switch between Justify (all bu
AlignTabs
Center Ctrl+Shift+T
Ctrl+Shift+C Command+Shift+T
Command+Shift+C Align Center Ctrl+Shift+C Command+Shift+C
Export Ctrl+E Command+E Layout alignment options
Switch
Justify (all but between
last line) Ctrl+Shift+J Command+Shift+J Justify (all but last line) Alt + click tab
Ctrl+Shift+J Option + click tab
Command+Shift+J Justify (all lin
Document Setup Ctrl+Alt+P Command+Option+P Add New Page
Character Styles Ctrl+Shift+P
Shift+F11 Command+Shift+P
Command+Shift+F11
alignment
Justify (all lines) optionsCtrl+Shift+F
Alt + click tab Option + click tab
Command+Shift+F Justify (all lines) Ctrl+Shift+F Command+Shift+F Align Left
File Info Ctrl+Alt+Shift+I Command+Option+Shift+I Go toPage
Paragraph Ctrl+J Command+J
F11 AlignCharacter
PackageLeft Styles Shift+F11
Ctrl+Shift+L
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+P
Command+Shift+F11
Command+Shift+L
Command+Option+Shift+P Align LeftStyles F11
Ctrl+Shift+L Command+F11
Command+Shift+L Align Right
AlignParagraph Styles F11 Command+F11 FirstGlyphs
Page Ctrl+Shift+Page
Alt+Shift+F11 Up Command+Shift+Page
Option+Shift+F11 Up Justify Center
Print Right Ctrl+Shift+R
Ctrl+P Command+Shift+R
Command+P Align Right
Previous
RemovePagestyles & local
Ctrl+Shift+R
Shift+Page
formatting Up
Command+Shift+R
Shift+Page
Alt/Option+click Up
paragraph style name
Glyphs
Justify Alt+Shift+F11 Option+Shift+F11 Align to Grid
Exit Center Ctl+Alt+Shift+C
Ctrl+Q Command+Option+Shift+C
Command+Q Justify Center
NextClear
Ctl+Alt+Shift+C
Pageoverrides for Shift+Page Down
Command+Option+Shift+C
Shift+Page Down
e name AlignRemove Grid styles & local formatting Alt/Option+click paragraph style name Apply Bold
Clearto Local Ctrl+Alt+Shift+G Command+Shift+Option+G Align to Grid
Last Page
Paragraph
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+G
Ctrl+Shift+Page +Down
Command+Shift+Option+G
Command+Shift+Page Down
ApplyClear
Boldoverrides
Display Settings for Ctrl+Shift+B
Ctrl+Shift+F2 Command+Shift+B
Command+Shift+F2 Apply Bold styles Alt/Option
Ctrl+Shift+B Shift - click paragraph style name
Command+Shift+B Apply Italic
ame Paragraph styles Alt/Option + Shift - click paragraph style name NextShow/hide
Spread ParagraphAlt+Page & F11 Down Option+Page
Command Down+ F11 Apply Norma
Apply
OverrideItalic
All Master Ctrl+Shift+I Command+Shift+I Apply Italic Ctrl+Shift+I Command+Shift+I
Previous Spread
Character Alt+Page
styles panels Shift Up
+ F11 Option+Page
Command Up + Shift + F11 Auto flow tex
ApplyShow/hide
Page Items ParagraphCtrl+Shift+Y
Normal & F11
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+L Command + F11
Command+Shift+Y
Command+Shift+Option+L Apply Normal Ctrl+Shift+Y Command+Shift+Y
Go Back
Change options Ctrl+Page +Up Command+Page Up
+ F11 Auto flow Character
text styles panels Shift + loaded
Shift+click F11 text icon Command + Shift + F11 Auto flow
Go Forward text without Ctrl Shift +loaded
Shift+click
Ctrl+Page Down
Alt-double-click
text icon style Down
Command+Page
Auto Leading
Auto Change
Leading options without Ctrl + Shift + Alt-double-click
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A style
Command+Shift+Option+A appyling
Auto Leadingstyles Command + Shift + Option-double-click
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A style
Command+Shift+Option+A Auto-Hyphen
Edit Create Outlines
yle
Undo
appyling styles
Auto-Hyphenate Command
off/on Ctrl+Alt+
Ctrl+Z
+ Shift + Option-double-click
Shift+H Command+Shift+Option+H
Command+Z
style Auto-Hyphenate off/on Ctrl+Shift+O
Ctrl+Alt+ Shift+H Command+Shift+O
Command+Shift+Option+H Hyphenation
O Create Outlines
Hyphenation On/Off Ctrl+Shift+O Command+Shift+O Create Outlines
Type Hyphenation On/Off Without Selected Te
Redo Ctrl+Shift+Z Command+Shift+Z Deleting
Cut Create Outlines
Selected Text Without
Ctrl+Alt+H
Ctrl+X Comamnd+Option+H
Comamand+X Character StylesText
Selected Text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+O
Ctrl+Alt+H Command+Shift+Option+O
Comamnd+Option+H Decrease Kern
Option+O Show Hidden Characters Ctrl+Alt+I Command+Option+I Tracking
Copy Deleting
Decrease Kerning/Text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+O
Ctrl+C Command+Shift+Option+O
Command+C Make style
Decrease
Soft Return
match
Kerning/ text
Shift+Enter
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+C
Shift+Return
n+I Show Hidden Characters
Tracking Ctrl+Alt+I
Alt+Right Arrow Command+Option+I
Option+Right Arrow Command+Shift+Option+C
Tracking Alt+Right Arrow Option+Right Arrow Decrease Kern
Paste Ctrl+V Command+V Insert Special Character
Soft
Decrease Return
Kerning/ Shift+Enter Shift+Return Character
Decrease Kerning/ Tracking x
Paste without Formatting Ctrl+Shift+V Command+Shift+V

gn CS5 Shortcuts
Insert
Tracking Special Character All Current
Caps Page Number Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N
Ctrl+Shift+K Command+Shift+Option+N
Command+Shift+K Increase Kern
Paste Into x5 Ctrl+Alt+Right
Ctrl+Alt+V Arrow Command+Option+Right Arrow
Command+Option+V Tracking x5 Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow Command+Option+Right Arrow
Option+N Current SmallDiscretionary
Caps Kerning/ Hyphen Ctrl+Shift+- (hyphen)Command+Shift+H
Ctrl+Shift+H Command+Shift+- (hyphen) Tracking
Increase
Paste in Place Page Number
Kerning/ Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+V Command+Shift+Option+N
Command+Option+Shift+V Increase
- (hyphen) Discretionary Hyphen Ctrl+Shift+- (hyphen) Command+Shift+- (hyphen) Indent to Here
Strikethrough Ctrl+\
Ctrl+Shift+/ Command+\
Command+Shift+/ Increase Kern
Tracking
Clear Alt+Left
Backspace Arrow Option+Left
Backspace Arrow Tracking Alt+Left Arrow Option+Left Arrow
Nonbreaking Hyphen Ctrl +Alt+- (hyphen) Command+Shift+Option+(+)
Subscript Command+Option+- (hyphen) Tracking x
Increase
DuplicateIndent to Here
Kerning/ Ctrl+\
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+D Command+\
Command+Option+Shift+D Increase Kerning/ Ctrl+Alt+Shift+(+)
Windows MacCommand+Option+-Arrow Right
(hyphen) Superscript Indent Tab Shift+Tab
Ctrl+Shift+(+) (plus sign) Shift+Tab Clear Kerning
n+- (hyphen) Nonbreaking
Tracking
alternate x5 Hyphen Ctrl +Alt+-
Ctrl+Alt+Left
Alt+drag (hyphen) Option+drag
Arrow Command+Option+Left Tracking x5 Ctrl+Alt+Left ArrowCommand+Shift+(+) (plus sign) Arrow
Command+Option+Left
Right
& Indent Tab Ctrl+Shift+Q
StepKerning/Tracking
Repeat Shift+Tab
Ctrl+Alt+U Shift+Tab
Command+Option+U Bullet Character Ctrl+Shift+U
Underline Alt+8 Option+8
Command+Shift+U Decrease Lea
Clear Command+Shift+Q Clear Kerning/Tracking Ctrl+Shift+Q Command+Shift+Q
SelectBullet
All Character Alt+Down Alt+8 Arrow
Ctrl+A Option+8 Arrow
Command+A Copyright Symbol Alt+G Option+G Decrease Lea
Decrease Leading Option+Down Decrease Leading Alt+Down Arrow Option+Down Arrow
DeselectCopyright
All Symbol Alt+G
Ctrl+Shift+A Option+G
Command+Shift+A Ellipsis Alt+; (semi-colon) Option+; (semi-colon) Increase Lead
Decrease Leading x5 Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow Command+Option+Down Arrow Decrease Leading x5 Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow Command+Option+Down Arrow
lon) Edit in Story
Ellipsis Editor Ctrl+Y
Alt+; Command+Y
(semi-colon) Option+Up Option+; (semi-colon) Em Dash Alt+Shift+- (hyphen) Option+Shift+- (hyphen) Increase Lead
Increase Leading Alt+Up Arrow Arrow Increase Leading Alt+Up Arrow Option+Up Arrow
yphen) Quick EmApply
Dash x5 Ctrl+Enter
Alt+Shift+- Commmand+Return
(hyphen) Command+Option+Up
Option+Shift+- (hyphen) En Dash Alt+- (hyphen) Option+- (hyphen) Decrease Poin
Increase Leading Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow Arrow Increase Leading x5 Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow Command+Option+Up Arrow
) Find/Change
EnPoint
DashSize Ctrl+F
Alt+- (hyphen) Command+F
Option+- (hyphen) Paragraph Symbol Alt+7 Option+7 Decrease Poin
Decrease Ctrl+Shift+< Command+Shift+< Decrease Point Size Ctrl+Shift+< Command+Shift+<
Find Next
Paragraph Symbol Ctrl+Alt+F
Alt+7 Command+Option+F
Option+7 Quotation Mark Increase Poin
Decrease Point Size x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+< Command+Option+Shift+< Decrease Point Size x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+< Command+Option+Shift+<
Check Spelling
Quotation Mark Ctrl+I Command+I Single Left Alt+] N/A Increase Poin
Increase Point Size Ctrl+Shift+> Command+Shift+> Increase Point Size Ctrl+Shift+> Command+Shift+>
ft+Option+Ctrl Increase
InsertSingle
selected text Single Right Shift+Alt+] N/A Decrease Kern
PointLeft
Size x5intoCtrl+Alt+Shift+>
Alt+] N/A
Command+Shift+Option+> Increase Point Size x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+> Command+Shift+Option+>
Find Single
What box
Right Crtl+F1
Shift+Alt+] Command+F1
N/A Double Left Alt+[ N/A Decrease Kern
Decrease Kerning Ctrl+Alt+Backspace Command+Option+Delete Decrease Kerning Ctrl+Alt+Backspace Command+Option+Delete
Change To box Crtl+F2 Command+F2 Double Right Shift+Alt+[ N/A Increase Kern
Decrease Double
KerningLeftx5 Alt+[
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Backspace N/A
Command+Option+Shift+Delete Decrease Kerning x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Backspace Command+Option+Shift+Delete
Update Content Ctrl + F5 Straight Quotes Increase Kern
Increase Double
Kerning Right Shift+Alt+[
Ctrl+Alt+\ N/A
Command+Option+\ Increase Kerning Ctrl+Alt+\ Command+Option+\
Single Alt+ Control+ Move to begin
Straight
Increase Quotes
Kerning x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+\ Command+Shift+Option+\ Increase Kerning x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+\ Command+Shift+Option+\
Double Alt+Shift+ Control+Shift+ Move to end o
tion+O Indexing
Move toSingle
beginning of storyCtrl+HomeAlt+ Control+
Command+Home Move to beginning of storyCtrl+Home Command+Home
Windows Mac Registered Trademark Windows Alt+R Mac
Option+R Move to end o
Index
Move toDouble
Palette
end of story Alt+Shift+
Shift+F8
Ctrl+End Control+Shift+
Shift+F8
Command+End Move to end of story Ctrl+End Command+End
ift+Option+W Paragraph
Mark
Move toRegistered
Proper lineTrademark
end ofNames Alt+R
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+]
End Option+R
Command+Option+Shift+]
End Trademark
Move to end of line Alt+2
End Option+2
End 2
Make style match text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+R
Mark Clubs/Businesses Ctrl+Alt+Shift+[ Command+Shift+Option+R
Command+Option+Shift+[ Insert White Space
ift+S 2 Nonbreaking
Drop CapsSpace & Ctrl+Alt+X Command+Option+X 2 Em Space Ctrl+Shift+M Command+Shift+M
tion+S IndexNested
New Styles
Cross Ctrl+Alt+R Command+Option+R En Space Ctrl+Shift+N Command+Shift+N
ft+Option+S Set Keep Options
Reference Ctrl+Alt+K
Ctrl+U Command+Option+K
Command+U Forced Line Break Shift + Enter Shift + Enter
Paragraph Rules Ctrl+Alt+J Command+Option+J Nonbreaking Space Ctrl+Alt+X Command+Option+X
Paragraph Justification Ctrl+Shift+Alt+J
Layout Shift+Command+Option+J Thin Space Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M Command+Shift+Option+M
tion+P Character
Add New Page Ctrl+T
Ctrl+Shift+P Command+T
Command+Shift+P
tion+Shift+I Paragraph
Go toPage Ctrl+Alt+T
Ctrl+J Command+Option+T
Command+J Text
tion+Shift+P TabsPage
First Ctrl+Shift+T Up
Ctrl+Shift+Page Command+Shift+T Up
Command+Shift+Page Align Center Ctrl+Shift+C Command+Shift+C
Switch
Previous Page between Shift+Page Up Shift+Page Up Justify (all but last line) Ctrl+Shift+J Command+Shift+J
alignment
Next Page options Alt + click tab
Shift+Page Down Option + click
Shift+Page Down tab Justify (all lines) Ctrl+Shift+F Command+Shift+F
Character
Last Page Styles Shift+F11
Ctrl+Shift+Page Down Command+Shift+F11Down
Command+Shift+Page Align Left Ctrl+Shift+L Command+Shift+L
ft+F2 Paragraph
Next SpreadStyles F11
Alt+Page Down Command+F11
Option+Page Down Align Right Ctrl+Shift+R Command+Shift+R
Glyphs Spread
Previous Alt+Shift+F11
Alt+Page Up Option+Shift+F11
Option+Page Up Justify Center Ctl+Alt+Shift+C Command+Option+Shift+C
ft+Option+L Remove
Go Back styles & local formatting
Ctrl+Page UpAlt/Option+click paragraph style
Command+Page Up name Align to Grid Ctrl+Alt+Shift+G Command+Shift+Option+G
Clear
Go overrides for
Forward Ctrl+Page Down Command+Page Down Apply Bold Ctrl+Shift+B Command+Shift+B
Paragraph styles Alt/Option + Shift - click paragraph style name Apply Italic Ctrl+Shift+I Command+Shift+I
Show/hide Paragraph & F11 Command + F11 Apply Normal Ctrl+Shift+Y Command+Shift+Y
ft+Z TypeCharacter styles panels Shift + F11 Command + Shift + F11 Auto flow text Shift+click loaded text icon
Character Styles
Change options without Ctrl + Shift + Alt-double-click style Auto Leading Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A Command+Shift+Option+A
Make style match text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+C
appyling styles Command + Shift + Option-double-click style Auto-Hyphenate off/on Ctrl+Alt+ Shift+H Command+Shift+Option+H
Command+Shift+Option+C
Create Outlines Ctrl+Shift+O Command+Shift+O Hyphenation On/Off
ft+V Character
Create Outlines Without Selected Text Ctrl+Alt+H Comamnd+Option+H
tion+V All Caps Ctrl+Shift+K Command+Shift+K
Deleting Text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+O Command+Shift+Option+O Decrease Kerning/
tion+Shift+V Small Caps Ctrl+Shift+H Command+Shift+H
Show Hidden Characters Ctrl+Alt+I Command+Option+I Tracking Alt+Right Arrow Option+Right Arrow
Strikethrough Ctrl+Shift+/ Command+Shift+/
Soft Return Shift+Enter Shift+Return Decrease Kerning/
tion+Shift+D Subscript Ctrl+Alt+Shift+(+) Command+Shift+Option+(+)
Insert Special CharacterCtrl+Shift+(+) (plus sign) Command+Shift+(+) (plus sign)
Superscript Tracking x5 Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow Command+Option+Right Arrow
Current Page NumberCtrl+Shift+U
Underline Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N Command+Shift+Option+N
Command+Shift+U Increase Kerning/
Discretionary Hyphen Ctrl+Shift+- (hyphen) Command+Shift+- (hyphen) Tracking Alt+Left Arrow Option+Left Arrow
Indent to Here Ctrl+\ Command+\ Increase Kerning/
Nonbreaking Hyphen Ctrl +Alt+- (hyphen) Command+Option+- (hyphen) Tracking x5 Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow Command+Option+Left Arrow
Right Indent Tab Shift+Tab Shift+Tab Clear Kerning/Tracking Ctrl+Shift+Q Command+Shift+Q
Bullet Character Alt+8 Option+8 28 Decrease Leading Alt+Down Arrow Option+Down Arrow
Copyright Symbol Alt+G Option+G Decrease Leading x5 Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow Command+Option+Down Arrow
Ellipsis Alt+; (semi-colon) Option+; (semi-colon) Increase Leading Alt+Up Arrow Option+Up Arrow
Em Dash Alt+Shift+- (hyphen) Option+Shift+- (hyphen) Increase Leading x5 Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow Command+Option+Up Arrow
En Dash Alt+- (hyphen) Option+- (hyphen) Decrease Point Size Ctrl+Shift+< Command+Shift+<
Paragraph Symbol Alt+7 Option+7 Decrease Point Size x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+< Command+Option+Shift+<
Quotation Mark Increase Point Size Ctrl+Shift+> Command+Shift+>
 Command+Shift+Up Arrow Fit Content to Frame Ctrl+Alt+E Command+Option+E
after Ctrl+Shift+Down Arrow Fit Frame to Content Ctrl+Alt+C Command+Option+C
Command+Shift+Down Arrow Center Content Shift+Ctrl+E Command+Shift+E
Select one word Double-click Double-click Fit Content ProportionallyCtrl+Alt+Shift+E Command+Shift+Option+E
Select one word to left Ctrl+Shift+Left Arrow Command+Shift+Left Arrow Fill Frame Proportionally Ctrl+Alt+Shift+C Command+Option+Shift+C
Select one word to right Ctrl+Shift+Right Arrow Command+Shift+Right Arrow Effects: Drop Shadow Ctrl+Alt+M Command+Option+M
Select to start of story Ctrl+Shift+Home Command+Shift+Home Clipping Path Ctrl+Alt+Shift+K Command+Shift+Option+K
Select to end of story Ctrl+Shift+End Command+Shift+End Compound Path-Make Ctrl+8 Windows Command+8
Mac
Select end of line Shift+End Shift+End Compound Path-Release Ctrl+Alt+Shift+8 Command+Option+Shift+8
Cell Ctrl+/ Command+/ Document Gri
Select start of line Shift+Home Shift+Home
Cell above/below Shift+Up Arrow/Down Arrow Snap to Documen
Select range
TOOLS OF THE TRADE Shift+Left, Right, Up or Down arrows Table Cell to the right/left Shift+Right Arrow/Left Arrow Scroll down one s
Delete word in front Table
SetSetup
cell text options Ctrl+Alt+Shift+B
Ctrl+Alt+B Command+Shift+Option+B
Command+OPtion+B Scroll up one scre
INDESIGN KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Command+Delete
of insertion point Ctrl+Backspace Show
Insert
Table
Start row on next column
Table
Start row on next frame
Shift+F9
Ctrl + Shift + Alt + T
Shift+F9
Enter (numeric keypad)
Shift+Enter (numeric keypad)
Show Structure
Switch to previou
Update missing font list Ctrl+Alt+Shift+/ Command+Option+Shift+/ Insert Column Ctrl+Alt+9
Toggle between text selection and cell selectionCommand+Option+9
Esc document
Delete Column Shift+Backspace Shift+Delete Switch to next do
Swatches Panel Windows
Windows Mac Mac Insert Row Ctrl+9Windows Command+9Mac Open/close
Create new swatch ViewRow
Delete Crtl+Backspace Command+Delete
Trademark
Paragraph Alt+2 Option+2 Trademark Alt+2 Option+2 all panels in si
based on current swatch Alt/Option-click new swatch button MoveOverprint
to Preview Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y Command+Shift+Option+Y
Option+R Insert WhiteMake styleSpacematch text Ctrl+Alt+Shift+R Command+Shift+Option+R Insert White Space Show/Hide all pa
Create spot color based Zoomcell
next In TabCtrl+= TabCommand+=
Em SpaceDrop Caps & Ctrl+Shift+M Command+Shift+M Em Space
Ctrl+Spacebar Ctrl+Shift+M
Command+Spacebar Command+Shift+M toolbox & Contro
on current swatch Ctrl+Alt/Command+Option-click new swatch button previous cell Shift+Tab Shift+Tab Show all panels e
n+R En SpaceNested Styles Ctrl+Shift+N
Ctrl+Alt+R Command+Shift+N
Command+Option+R ZoomEn Out Space Ctrl+Shift+N
Ctrl+- (hyphen) Command+Shift+N
Command+- (hyphen)
Change options without Ctrl+Alt+Shift-double-click swatch first/last cell in column Alt+Page Up/Page Down Option+PageUp/Page Down
n+K Forced SetLine
KeepBreak Options ShiftCtrl+Alt+K
+ Enter ShiftCommand+Option+K
+ Enter Forced Line Break Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar
Shift + Enter Shift + Enter toolbox & contro
applying swatch Command+Option+Shift-double-click swatch first/lastcell in row Alt+Home/End Command+Option+Spacebar
Option+Home/End
n+J Nonbreaking
Paragraph Space
Rules Ctrl+Alt+X
Ctrl+Alt+J Command+Option+X
Command+Option+J Nonbreaking SpaceCtrl+0Ctrl+Alt+X Command+Option+X Show text thread
Fit Page
first/last in
rowWindow
in frame PageUp/Page Down Command+0
Option+J ThinParagraph
Space Justification
Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M
Ctrl+Shift+Alt+J Command+Shift+Option+M
Shift+Command+Option+J Fit SpreadThinone Space
in Window Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M
Ctrl+Alt+0 Command+Shift+Option+M Smart Guides
Command+Option+0
Object up/down cell Up Arrow/Down Arrow
Toggle
Character Ctrl+T Command+T Double-click
left/right one cell Hand tool Left Arrow/Right Arrow Double-click Hand tool
Hide Ctrl + 3 Character & Pa
n+T Text
Move
Paragraph Ctrl+Alt+T
Ctrl+Shift+M
Command+Option+T
Command+Shift+M Text Size
Actual
Select Ctrl+1 Command+1
T Align Tabs
CenterAgain Ctrl+Shift+T
Ctrl+Shift+C Command+Shift+T
Command+Shift+C Align Center Ctrl+Shift+C Command+Shift+C modes in Cont
Transform Ctrl+Alt+3 Command+Option+3 200%
Table Ctrl+2
Ctrl+Alt+A Command+2
Command+Option+A
Switch between Command+Optio
Justify
Transform(all but last line) Ctrl+Shift+J
Sequence Command+Shift+J 400% Justify (all but last line)
Column Ctrl+Shift+J
Ctrl+4
Ctrl+Alt+3 Command+Shift+J
Command+4
Command+Option+3
Focus to/from
Justify
Again(all alignment Windows
lines) optionsCtrl+Shift+F Alt + click tab
Ctrl+Alt+4 Mac Option + click tab
Command+Shift+F
Command+Option+4 50%
Row Ctrl+5(all lines) Ctrl+3
Justify Command+5
Ctrl+Shift+F Command+Shift+F
Command+3
F11 Character Styles Shift+F11 Command+Shift+F11 Control palet
Arrow Align Left
Bring to Front Ctrl+Shift+L
Ctrl+Shift+] Command+Shift+L
Command+Shift+] Access
Align Zoom
Left % field Ctrl+Alt+5
Ctrl+Shift+L Command+Option+5
Command+Shift+L
3 Measurement
ht Arrow Align
BringParagraph
Forward Styles
Right F11
Ctrl+Shift+R
Ctrl+] Command+F11
Command+Shift+R
Command+] Switch
Alignbetween
Right current & Ctrl+Shift+R Command+Shift+R
Justify
Send Glyphs
Center
Backward Alt+Shift+F11
Ctl+Alt+Shift+C
Ctrl+[ Option+Shift+F11
Command+Option+Shift+C
Command+[ previous Zoom levels
Justify Center Ctrl+Alt+2
Ctl+Alt+Shift+C Command+Option+2
Command+Option+Shift+C
e name
ion+/ Align
Send Remove
to Backstyles & local
toGrid formatting Alt/Option+click
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+G
Ctrl+Shift+[ paragraph style name
Command+Shift+Option+G
Command+Shift+[ Entire
Align Pasteboard
to Grid Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+G Command+Shift+Option+G Window
Command+Shift+Option+0
Apply Clear
SelectBold overrides for Ctrl+Shift+B Command+Shift+B Fast Display
Apply Bold Ctrl+Alt + Shift
Ctrl+Shift+B + Z Command+Shift+Option
Command+Shift+B + Z Minimize
ame
t+A Apply Paragraph
Italic
First Object Above styles Ctrl+Shift+I
Alt/Option + Shift - click
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+] paragraph style name
Command+Shift+I
Command+Option+Shift+] Typical
ApplyDisplay
Italic Ctrl+Alt+Z
Ctrl+Shift+I Command+Option+Z
Command+Shift+I Hide Application
t+\ Apply Show/hide
Next Object Paragraph
Normal Above & F11
Ctrl+Shift+Y
Ctrl+Alt+] Command + F11
Command+Shift+Y
Command+Option+] High Quality
Apply NormalDisplay Ctrl+Alt+H
Ctrl+Shift+Y Command+Option+H
Command+Shift+Y Hide Others
+ F11 AutoNextflowCharacter
text Below
Object styles panels Shift + loaded
Shift+click
Ctrl+Alt+[ F11 text icon Command + Shift + F11
Command+Option+[ FirstAutoSpread
flow text Alt+Shift+Page Up
Shift+click loaded textShift+Option+Page
icon Up Align
Change
AutoLast Object
Leading options
Belowwithout Ctrl + Shift + Alt-double-click
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+[
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A style
Command+Option+Shift+[
Command+Shift+Option+A Last AutoSpread
Leading Alt+Shift+Page Down
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+A Shift+Option+Page Down
Command+Shift+Option+A Color
yle
w All appyling
Objects on
Auto-Hyphenate styles
Layer Ctrl+Alt+
off/on Command
Alt+Click Layer + Shift + Option-double-click
Shift+H Option+Click layer style
Command+Shift+Option+H Fit Selection in Window Ctrl+Alt++
Auto-Hyphenate off/on Ctrl+Alt+ Shift+H (plus sign) Command+Option+
Command+Shift+Option+H Control
+(plus sign)
O Create
Copy Outlines
selection Ctrl+Shift+O small square
to layer Alt/Option+drag Command+Shift+O
to new layer Overprint Preview Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y Command+Option+Shift+Y Effects
Hyphenation On/Off Hyphenation On/Off
ow Content
Create Outlines Shift + Escape
Without Force Redraw Shift+F5 Shift+F5 Info F8
Selected Text Ctrl+Alt+H Comamnd+Option+H Selected Text Ctrl+Alt+H Comamnd+Option+H
Option+O Container
Deleting Text Escape
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+O Command+Shift+Option+O Show Text Threads Ctrl+Alt+Y Command+Option+Y Layers
Decrease Kerning/ Decrease Kerning/
Group Ctrl+G Command+G Hide/Show Frame Edges Ctrl+H Command+H Links
n+I Show Hidden Characters
Tracking Ctrl+Alt+I
Alt+Right Arrow Command+Option+I
Option+Right Arrow Tracking Alt+Right Arrow Option+Right Arrow
ow Ungroup Ctrl+Shift+G Command+Shift+G Hide/Show Rulers Ctrl+R Command+R Object & Layout
Soft Return
Decrease Kerning/ Windows
Shift+Enter Mac
Shift+Return Decrease
Hide/Show Guides Kerning/ Windows
Ctrl+; Mac
Command+; Align
k Lock Position
Insert
Tracking Special
x5 CharacterCtrl+L
Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow Command+L
Command+Option+Right Arrow Tracking x5 Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow Tab Command+Option+Right Arrow
Cell
UnlockCurrent
On Spread Ctrl+/
Ctrl+Alt+L Command+/
Command+Option+L Document
Hide/Show all Grid
palettes Ctrl+
Tab Command+ Object Styles
Option+N Increase Kerning/
Cell Page Number
above/below Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N
Shift+Up Arrow/Down Command+Shift+Option+N
Arrow Snap Increase
to Kerning/
Document Grid Ctrl+Shift+ Command+Shift+
rrow Text Frame Options Hyphen Ctrl+B Command+B Lock Guides Ctrl+Alt+; Command+Option+; Output
- (hyphen) TrackingDiscretionary
Cell totothe right/left Ctrl+Shift+-
Alt+Left Arrow (hyphen)
Shift+Right Arrow/LeftCommand+Shift+-
Option+Left Arrow
Arrow (hyphen) ScrollTracking
Resize down
frameone Alt+Left
screen Ctrl+drag
& content Page Down Arrow PageOption+Left
Down
Command+drag Arrow Preflight
Fit Content Frame Ctrl+Alt+E Command+Option+E
n Arrow Fit SetIndent
Increase
Frame
Kerning/
cell totextto
Content
Here
options Ctrl+\
Ctrl+Alt+B
Ctrl+Alt+C
Command+\
Command+OPtion+B
Command+Option+C
Increase
Scroll
Resize oneKerning/
upproportionally
screen Page+Up
Ctrl Shift+ drag Page Up + Shift+drag
Command Separations Pr
n+- (hyphen) TrackingNonbreaking
StartContent x5
row on next column Hyphen Ctrl
Windows+Alt+-
Ctrl+Alt+Left (hyphen)
Arrow MacCommand+Option+-
Command+Option+Left
Enter (numeric keypad) (hyphen)
Arrow Tracking
Show Structure
Select All Guides x5 Ctrl+Alt+Left
Windows
Crtrl+Alt+1
Ctrl+Alt+G Arrow Mac Command+Option+Left
Command+Option+1
Command+Option+G ArrowQuick Apply pale
Center Right Shift+Ctrl+E Command+Shift+E
ClearStart rowIndent
Kerning/Tracking
on next Tabframe Shift+Tab
Ctrl+Shift+Q Shift+Enter (numeric Shift+Tab
Command+Shift+Q
keypad) Clear
Switch
Snap toKerning/Tracking
previous
to Guides Ctrl+Shift+Q
Ctrl+Shift+; Command+Shift+Q
Command+Shift+; Pages
Fit Content
Cell ProportionallyCtrl+Alt+Shift+E
Ctrl+/ Command+Shift+Option+E
Command+/ Document Grid Ctrl+ Command+
Decrease Bullet
Toggle LeadingCharacter
between Alt+8
Alt+Down
text selection Arrow
and Option+8
cell selectionOption+Down
Esc Arrow Decrease
Createdocument Leading Alt+Down Arrow
Ctrl+Shift+~ Option+Down
Command+Shift+~ Arrow
t+Left Arrow Fill Frame
Cell Proportionally Ctrl+Alt+Shift+C
above/below
Copyright Symbol Alt+G Shift+Up
Command+Option+Shift+C
Arrow/Down Arrow
Option+G Snap toZero-point
DocumentguidelinesGrid Ctrl+Shift+ Ctrl/Command
Command+Shift+ click Zero-point Stroke
t+Right Arrow Decrease
Effects: Leading
Drop Shadow x5 Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow Command+Option+Down Arrow Decrease
Switch
when to next
dragging Leading
document
guides x5 Ctrl+Alt+Down Arrow Command+Option+Down
Ctrl+~ Command+~ Arrow
Swatches
Cell to the right/leftCtrl+Alt+MShift+Right Arrow/Left Command+Option+M
Arrow Scroll down one screen Page Down Page Down
lon) Increase Ellipsis
Leading Alt+UpAlt+; (semi-colon) Option+Up
Arrow Option+; (semi-colon)
Arrow Open/close
Increase
Show/Hide Leading Alt+Up Arrow Option+Up Arrow Styles
t+Home View
Clipping
Set cellPathtext options Ctrl+Alt+Shift+K
Ctrl+Alt+B Command+Shift+Option+K
Command+OPtion+B Scroll up one screen Page Up Page Up
yphen) Increase Em Dash x5
Leading Alt+Shift+-
Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow(hyphen) Command+Option+Up
Option+Shift+- (hyphen)
Arrow all panelsGrid
Increase
Baseline in side tabs
Leading Ctrl+Alt+Tab
x5 Crtrl+Alt+1 Command+Option+Tab
Ctrl+Alt+Up Arrow Command+Option+1
Ctrl+Alt+ Command+Option+Up Arrow Character Styl
Command+Option+
t+End Compound
Start rowPath-Make
Overprint onPreview
next column Ctrl+8
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y Command+8
Command+Shift+Option+Y
Enter (numeric keypad) Show Structure
) Decrease EnPoint
Dash Alt+- (hyphen) Option+- (hyphen) Show/Hide all panels,
Compound
Zoomrow
Start onSize
InPath-Release
next frame Ctrl+Shift+<
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+8
Ctrl+= Shift+Enter (numeric Command+Shift+<
Command+Option+Shift+8
Command+=
keypad) SwitchDecrease Point
to previous Size Ctrl+Shift+< Command+Shift+<
Decrease Paragraph
Point Size Symbol
x5 selectionAlt+7
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+< Option+7 toolbox & Control panel TabCtrl+Alt+Shift+< Tab Command+Option+Shift+< 4
ToggleCtrl+Spacebar
between text and cell selection Command+Option+Shift+<
Command+Spacebar Esc Decrease
document Point Size x5Ctrl+Shift+~ Command+Shift+~
Quotation
Increase Point Mark Show all panels except
TableZoom Out Size Ctrl+Shift+>
Ctrl+- (hyphen) Command+Shift+>
Command+- (hyphen) SwitchIncrease
to next Point Size
document Ctrl+Shift+> Ctrl+~Command+Shift+>
Command+~
Increase Single
PointLeft Size x5 Alt+]
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+> N/A
Command+Shift+Option+> toolbox
Increase & control
Point Size panelx5 Shift+Tab
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+> Shift+Tab
Command+Shift+Option+>
Table Setup Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+B Command+Option+Spacebar
Command+Shift+Option+B Open/close
View
Decrease Single
Kerning Right Shift+Alt+]
Ctrl+Alt+Backspace N/A
Command+Option+Delete Show text threads
Decrease Kerning CtrlCtrl+Alt+Backspace
+ Alt + Y Command + Option + Y
Command+Option+Delete
Show Fit Table
Page in Window Shift+F9 Ctrl+0 Command+0
Shift+F9 all panels in side tabs Ctrl+Alt+Tab Command+Option+Tab
Overprint Preview Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y Command+Shift+Option+Y Smart Guides CtrlCtrl+Alt+Shift+Backspace
+U Command +U
Fit Double
Decrease
Insert Kerning
Spread
Table Left
in x5
Window Alt+[
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Backspace
Ctrl+Alt+0
CtrlCtrl+=
+ Shift + Alt + T N/A
Command+Option+Shift+Delete
Command+Option+0 Decrease
Show/Hide Kerning
all panels,x5 Command+Option+Shift+Delete
Zoom In
Double RightHandCtrl+Alt+\ Command+= Toggle
ion+Shift+/ Increase Kerning
Double-click
InsertCtrl+Spacebar
Column toolShift+Alt+[
Ctrl+Alt+9 N/A
Command+Option+\
Double-click
Command+Option+9 Hand tool Increase
toolbox Kerning
& Control panel TabCtrl+Alt+\ Tab Command+Option+\
Straight Quotes Command+Spacebar Character & Paragraph
Increase
Actual
Delete Kerning
ColumnSize x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+\
Ctrl+1
Shift+Backspace Command+Shift+Option+\
Command+1
Shift+Delete Show Increase
all panelsKerning
except x5 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+\ Command+Shift+Option+\
Zoom Out Ctrl+-
Alt+ (hyphen) Command+-
Control+ (hyphen) modes in Control panel Ctrl+Alt+7
Move
Insert toSingle
200% beginning of storyCtrl+Home
Row Ctrl+2
Ctrl+9 Command+Home
Command+2
Command+9 Move to
toolbox beginning
& control of story
panel Ctrl+Home
Shift+Tab Command+Home
Shift+Tab
Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar Command+Option+Spacebar Command+Option+7
Move
Delete toDouble
400% end of story
Row Alt+Shift+
Ctrl+End
Ctrl+4
Crtl+Backspace Control+Shift+
Command+End
Command+4
Command+Delete Show Move texttothreads
end of story CtrlCtrl+End+ Alt + Y Command+End
Command + Option + Y
Fit Page in Window Ctrl+0 Command+0 Focus to/from
Move 50% Registered
Ctrl+5 TrademarkCommand+5
Alt+R Option+R Smart Guides
to end of line CtrlEnd +U Command
End + U
MoveFittoto end ofinline
Spread Window EndCtrl+Alt+0 EndCommand+Option+0 Move
Control palette Ctrl+6 Command+6
Access
next cellZoom %Hand field TabCtrl+Alt+5 Command+Option+5
TabDouble-click Toggle
2 Double-click tool Hand tool Measurement System Alt+Shift+Ctrl+U
2 Character Shift+Command+Option+U
atch button Switch between
previous cell current &
Shift+Tab Shift+Tab & Paragraph
Actual Size Ctrl+1 Command+1
previous
first/last Zoom
cell in levelsAlt+Page
column Ctrl+Alt+2
Up/Page Down Command+Option+2
Option+PageUp/Page Down modes in Control panel Ctrl+Alt+7
200% Ctrl+2 Command+2
swatch Entire Pasteboard
first/lastcell in row Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0
Alt+Home/End Command+Shift+Option+0
Option+Home/End Window
Command+Option+7
400% Ctrl+4 Command+4
Fast Display
first/last row in frame Ctrl+Alt + Shift + ZDown Command+Shift+Option + Z
PageUp/Page Minimize
Focus to/from Windows key+M Command+M
50% Ctrl+5 Command+5
Typical Display
up/down one % cell Ctrl+Alt+Z
Up Arrow/Down Arrow Command+Option+Z HideControl
Applicationpalette N/A
Ctrl+6 Command+H
Command+6
Access Zoom field Ctrl+Alt+5 Command+Option+5
High Quality
left/right one Display
cellcurrent &Ctrl+Alt+HLeft Arrow/Right Arrow Command+Option+H Hide Others
Measurement N/A
System Alt+Shift+Ctrl+U Commmand+Option+H
Shift+Command+Option+U
Switch between
t+M First
Select Spread Alt+Shift+Page Up Shift+Option+Page Up Align Shift+F7 Shift+F7
previous Zoom levels Ctrl+Alt+2 Command+Option+2
ion+3 Last
Table Spread Alt+Shift+Page
Ctrl+Alt+A Down Shift+Option+Page
Command+Option+A Down Color F6 F6
Entire Pasteboard Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0 Command+Shift+Option+0 Window
Fit Selection in Window
Column Ctrl+Alt++ (plus sign) Command+Option+3
Ctrl+Alt+3 Command+Option+ +(plus sign) Control Ctrl+Alt+6 Command+Option+6
Fast Display Ctrl+Alt + Shift + Z Command+Shift+Option + Z Minimize Windows key+M Command+M
ion+4 Overprint Preview Windows
Row Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y
Ctrl+3 Command+Option+Shift+Y
MacCommand+Option+Z
Command+3 Effects Ctrl+Shift+F10
Windows Mac Command+Shift+F10
Typical Display Ctrl+Alt+Z Hide Application N/A Command+H
Force Redraw Shift+F5 Shift+F5 Info F8 F8
3 Cell High Quality Display Ctrl+/ Ctrl+Alt+H Command+Option+H
Command+/ Hide Others
Document Grid N/A
Ctrl+ Commmand+Option+H
Command+
Show Text Threads Ctrl+Alt+Y Command+Option+Y Layers F7 F7
Firstabove/below
Cell Spread Alt+Shift+Page Up
Shift+Up Arrow/Down Shift+Option+Page
Arrow Up SnapAlignto Document Grid Ctrl+Shift+ Shift+F7 Shift+F7
Command+Shift+
Hide/Show Frame Edges Ctrl+H Command+H Links Ctrl+Shift+D Command+Shift+D
LasttoSpread
Cell the right/left Alt+Shift+Page
Shift+RightDown
Arrow/Left Shift+Option+Page
Arrow Down Color
Scroll down one screen Page F6Down F6Down
Page
Hide/Show Rulers Ctrl+R Command+R Object & Layout
Set Fit
cellSelection
text options
Hide/Show Guides
in Window Windows
Ctrl+Alt+B
Ctrl+;
Mac
Ctrl+Alt++ (plus sign) Command+OPtion+B
Command+Option+ +(plus sign)Scroll
Command+;
Control
up one screen
Align
Windows
PageCtrl+Alt+6
Up
Shift+F7
Mac Command+Option+6
Page Up
Shift+F7
StartOverprint
row on next
Paragraph Preview
Styles column Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y EnterCommand+Option+Shift+Y
(numeric keypad) ShowEffects
Structure Ctrl+Shift+F10
Crtrl+Alt+1 Command+Shift+F10
Command+Option+1
Hide/Show all palettesF11Tab Command+F11
Tab Type on
Object Path tool
Styles Shift+T
Ctrl+F7 Shift+T
StartForce
row Redraw
Object on next frame CtrlShift+F5
Styles + F7Shift+Enter (numericShift+F5
keypad) Info
Switch
Type tool F8 previous
to T F8 T
Lock Guides Ctrl+Alt+; Command+Option+; Output
Show
Toggle
Text Wrap Text Threads
between text selection Ctrl+Alt+Y
and cell selection Esc
Ctrl+Alt+W Command+Option+Y
Command+Option+W Zoom Layers
document
tool F7
ZCtrl+Shift+~ F7
Command+Shift+~
Resize frame & content Ctrl+drag Command+drag Preflight Ctrl + Alt + Shift + F Z Commmand+Option+Shift+F
Hide/Show Frame Edges Ctrl+H Command+H Links
Switch
Temporary to next
Zoom document
inPreview Ctrl+Shift+D
tool Ctrl+Spacebar Command+Shift+D
Ctrl+~ Command+~
Command+Spacebar
Resize proportionally Ctrl + Shift+ drag Command + Shift+drag Separations Shift+F6 Shift+F6
Hide/Show Rulers Ctrl+R Command+R Object
Open/close
Temporary & Layout
Zoompalette
out tool Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar
View
TypeSelect All Guides
& Tables Guides Ctrl+Alt+G Command+Option+G Quick Apply Ctrl+Enter Command+Return
Hide/Show Ctrl+; Command+; all Align
panels in
Command+Option+Spacebar side tabs Shift+F7
Ctrl+Alt+Tab Shift+F7
Command+Option+Tab
Overprint
Snap to
Character Preview
Guides Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Y
Ctrl+Shift+; Command+Shift+Option+Y
Command+Shift+; Pages F12 Command+F12
Hide/Show all palettesCtrl+T Tab Command+T
Tab Object Styles
Show/Hide all panels, Ctrl+F7
Zoom
Index In Zero-point guidelines
Create Ctrl+=
Shift+F8 Command+=
Ctrl/Command click Zero-point Stroke
Shift+F8 F10 Command+F10
Lock Guides Ctrl+Alt+; Command+Option+; Output
toolbox
Lock/Unlock & Control
Zero panelRight-click
Point Tab zero point Tab
Control-click zero point
Ctrl+Spacebar
when dragging guidesCommand+Spacebar
Paragraph Ctrl+Alt+T Command+Option+T Swatches F5 F5
Resize frame & content Ctrl+drag Command+drag Show all Preflight
panels except Ctrl + Alt + Shift + F Commmand+Option+Shift+F
Zoom Out
Show/Hide
Table Ctrl+- (hyphen)
Shift+F9 Command+-
Shift+F9 (hyphen) Styles
Resize proportionally Ctrl + Shift+ drag Command + Shift+drag toolbox
Layers Separations
& control Preview
Panel Shift+F6
panel Shift+Tab Shift+F6
Shift+Tab
Baseline Grid Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar
Alt Ctrl+Alt+ Command+Option+Spacebar
Command+Option+ Character Styles Shift+F11 Command+Shift+F11
+Windows Mac + Option + Y
Glyphs + Shift + F11 Command + Option + F11
Select All Guides Ctrl+Alt+G Command+Option+G ShowQuick
Select Apply
textobjects
all threads palette
on layer CtrlCtrl+Enter
Alt + Y Command+Return
Command
Alt-click layer Option-click
Fit Page in Window
Scripts Ctrl+0
Ctrl + Alt + F11 Command+0
Snap to Guides Ctrl+Shift+; Command+Shift+; Pages
Smart
layer Paragraph
Guides Styles Ctrl F11
F12
+ U Command+F11
Command+F12
Command +U Type on Path tool
Fit Spread in Window Ctrl+Alt+0 Command+Option+0 4 Stroke
Create Zero-point guidelines Ctrl/Command click Zero-pointCopy Toggle Object to
selection Styles
new layer Ctrl + F7
F10
Alt/Option-drag small Command+F10
square to new layer Type tool
Double-click Hand tool Double-click Hand tool
Tools
when dragging guides Text Wrap
Swatches
Character & Paragraph F5Ctrl+Alt+W F5Command+Option+W Zoom tool
Actual Size Ctrl+1 Command+1
Add Anchor Point tool =
Show/Hide = Styles in Control panel
modes Ctrl+Alt+7 Temporary Zoom
200%
ApplyBaseline
Color Grid
Ctrl+2
, (comma)
Ctrl+Alt+
Command+2
, (comma)
Command+Option+ Pages Panel
Character
Command+Option+7 Styles Shift+F11 Command+Shift+F11 Temporary Zoom
400%
Apply gradient
Ctrl+4
. (period)
Command+4
. (period) CreateType Master& Tables
Page Ctrl/Command-click New Page button Command+Optio
Focus to/from
Character Ctrl+T Command+T
50% Ctrl+5 Command+5 Apply master to
Apply No Color
Access Zoom % field
/
Ctrl+Alt+5
/
Command+Option+5
29 4 Control
Index
selected page
palette Ctrl+6Shift+F8
Alt-click Master
Command+6
Shift+F8
Option-click Master
Convert Direction Measurement System Alt+Shift+Ctrl+U Shift+Command+Option+U Lock/Unlock Zero
Switch Paragraph Ctrl+Alt+T Command+Option+T
Pointbetween
tool current &Shift+C Shift+C Base another
Table master
master page
Shift+F9 master you want Shift+F9
previous Zoom Point levelstoolCtrl+Alt+2 Command+Option+2 on selected Alt/Option-click to be based on
Delete Anchor - - Glyphs Alt New
+ Shift + F11 Command + Option + F11 Layers Panel
Entire
DirectPasteboard
Selection tool Ctrl+Alt+Shift+0
A Command+Shift+Option+0
A Window
Insert Pages dialog box Alt-click Page button Option-click New Page Select all objects
Fast Display Ctrl+Alt + Shift + Z Command+Shift+Option +Z button
MinimizeScripts Ctrl +key+M
Windows Alt + F11 Command+M
Ellipse tool L L layer
Typical Display
Eyedropper tool Ctrl+Alt+Z
I Command+Option+Z
I Add
Hide new page
Application after N/A Command+H Copy selection to
High Quality
Free Transform tool Display Ctrl+Alt+H
E Command+Option+H
E last
Hide page
Tools
Others Shift
N/A + Ctrl +P Shift + Command
Commmand+Option+H + P
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

CAPTION WRITING
CAPTION COMPONENTS
Every photo needs a caption. In fact, captions are the most read copy in the book because we Americans
are visual people. We always look at the photos first. The caption, then is a natural extension of our curiosity
as we want to know more about what happened. A good caption has FOUR parts: a lead-in, an identification
sentence; a secondary information sentence and a quote. Great captions DO NOT BEGIN IN A YEARBOOK
STAFF ROOM! Great captions start with great writing habits: in-depth interviewing, selecting informative
facts and rewriting the facts so that they link with the entire spreads content.

LEAD-IN
The lead-in might be a graphic device thats tied to the headline and the large initial for the copy or a phrase
thats all caps, bold-faced or both. It should be a clever title that is verbally linked to the photograph. While
still trying to avoid corny humor, a pun works well here. Each caption needs to begin with something that
says its an independent element.

IDENTIFICATION
The identification sentence explains exactly what is going on in the photo, names all visible people and is
written in present tense. It answers all the important questions of who, what, when, where, why and how.
Avoid beginning with a name and dont overuse gerund phrases (-ing phrases like studying with
concentration or focusing on her paper).

SECONDARY
The secondary information sentence adds details that are not obvious in the photo and is written in the past
tense. This is the information from the interview and gives the photo more meaning.

QUOTE
A quote at the end adds the feeling of being there. It allows the people in the photograph to give their
perspective on the moment. Use feelings and opinions in quotes. Theres rarely a need to use quotes that
simply recall facts. Go out an interview the people in the photographs. Find out every detail about what
happened immediately before and immediately after the photo was taken. Get the correct spelling of every
name.

PHOTO STORY
A photo story may even be longer, at least four to five sentences. These are popular in yearbooks because
they are short pieces of copy. It can be a small profile or quick summary of someones role in an event. A
photo story includes quotes from people in the photo and details usually included in the copy. Consider
turning the caption for the dominant photo into a photo story.

SPORTS CAPTIONS
In addition to all the other rules for great captions, sports captions require a little more research to recover
all important information. Each sports caption should also include the outcome of the play, names of the
players for both teams (when pictured) and the outcome of the game. Additional stats about the player or
team make great secondary information too.

CAPTION TIPS
Practice writing captions in a variety of ways to make your captions more interesting on a spread.
Shuffle the beginning of each of your captions: start with the why and in the next caption start with
the when, etc.
Write in active voice and avoid forms of to be
Never use gag or joke captions They cause a variety of ethical and legal problems and should not
be used as place holders either.
Never start with the obviousif its clear in the photo you dont need to start with what we already
see. Provide background information (5Ws and H) about what happened before/after the photo
was taken and/or why the photo was taken.

30
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

175 WAYS TO START A CAPTION by Bobby Spears

Trying to collect In anticipation of As he escapes determination

Fluffing and stuffing While explaining the In a hurry after Holding the
flowers Helping the seniors As final part of In search of
Fighting the With eyes focused on Before going out To impress
To achieve the Wishing a Concentrating on the Surrounded by
While his brother To do his research Right in step with Unable to concentrate
keeps close watch Looking for Reaching for the To start the year
After following Trying to avoid the In her spare time Sounds of stomping
through Rarely found deserted Painting the feet and
Abandoned by Despite his efforts To try out the In an intense
After having Trying to escape Constructive criticism discussion
In honor of his To drown out the With an effort to In need of a rest
birthday background noise Paying special Each portraying their
As she kneels down While taking a attention to own style of
Sweeping her off her breather In order to Victory is captured as
feet Capturing the Acting as As the bus arrives
Coaxing her dog attention of Reviewing for a After feeding the
After finishing On her way home Skillfully shooting the phone a quarter
In preparation for Amidst the cafeteria Amused with the In the midst of
With dinner time racket Frustrated after the With one foot down
approaching At the end of the day As the season Through the intense
Upon arriving at Acquainting approached volume of music
As the crowd themselves with Just before the With hair flying
Celebrating the end After trimming While a junior Dressed up for
of Before playing his Forcefully pulling his Due to trouble
Caught in the spirit of To receive her opponents Determined to get
To get ready for schedule Searching for the With the aid of
During a With a steady hand To gain the necessary While on a break
Adjusting the While trying Flipping through the Practice makes perfect
Taking time out for To obtain a After scoring a point for
As Christmas draws In an effort to Tired of With a smile
near Ready to jump On her way to the Surrounded in glory
Carefully tying While others waited After a long night Pumped up and using
As Easter approaches Unusual aspects of Discussing the Showered with
As senior In hopes of Warming up before confetti
With a few extra Cutting and shaping the Awarded with
minutes the Focusing on the Soaked with sweat
While waiting for his Trucking along the Keeping up with With a desperate
Sifting through the parade route With their eyes glued attempt
Trying to hide his Because she missed to the With a perfect
While skimming the Having the support of beginning
through the Working on the the Double checking his
Upon learning the To clarify a problem Utilizing the options
Frustrated with Enjoying the music Twisting into a Total concentration
Unable to Sporting her new Carefully watching the Ready to go
Contrary to the To create the look After completing his With a watchful eye
Behind the scenes To secure her Trying to stay Hand in the air
Psyched for the While adjusting the Loosening up before With book in hand
After the ceremony Putting in their share With her sights on Bewilderment fills the
Checking over her Accompanied by Studying the face of
paper Stopping to Heading back to Getting some tips
To add a little fun Completing the Scooping up the
Grimacing with pain chores With a look of

31
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

INTERVIEWING
BEFORE AN INTERVIEW, do the following
Know the purpose of the interview
Research as much as you can about the subject/source for background info
Brainstorm and write more questions than you think youll need for interview
Put questions in quotable format and anticipate follow-up questions
Get a notebook to take and keep notes
Charge your phone and make sure you know how to use the recording app
Make an appointment with your source(s)
Take two sharp pencils (ink can run out and pens dont write in the rain)

Follow these procedures DURING THE INTERVIEW:

Arrive ahead of time
Introduce yourself and shake handsbe sure to remind your interviewee who you are
and that you are a yearbook staff writer
Be friendly, courteous and sensitive
Take a few minutes to establish a rapport with the source
Ask permission to record them if you plan to use a recording device
Arrange recorder so there are as few noise distractions as possible
Ask follow-up questionssometimes it takes many follow-up questions to get to the
heart of the story
Take notes. Be an engaged listener. Provide non-verbal listening cues to encourage
the source with nods, smiles, comments like I see or Uh-huh
Observe surroundings and take note of body language and write down details
Review your notes for missing or confusing info and ask for clarification
Double check name and spelling with source and record in in your notebook along
with a cell phone number in case you need further clarification later
Thank your interviewee for his/her time and for sharing their personal story

AFTER THE INTERVIEW, be sure to take these steps:

Review and type your notes immediately while it is still FRESH in your mind. Waiting to
type your interview will make your job harder because when you look back at the
written notes, you often forget important information or cannot read what you wrote.
All source information (name of source, date of interview, cell number, etc.) must be
typed in your transcripts.
Color code notes: For example, GREEN (facts, numbers, specific details); YELLOW
(quotable quotes, sexy quotes, golden lines, definite opinions); BLUE (summary,
background information, etc.)
Write out abbreviations and fill in missing words
Call the source if you need to clarify or get additional information
File all transcripts online in the TRANSCRIPT FOLDER on GOOGLE DRIVE.

32
TOOLS OF THE TRADE

INTERVIEWING continued
OPEN ENDED QUESTION STARTERS:
How do you feel when How would you do things
What were you thinking when differently?
What was your reaction when What do you suggest
What caused you to What advice would you give
Describe what it was like How were you affected
Tell me about How did you feel
How would you handle What went through your mind
What would you change
INTERVIEW NOTES

Notes need to be typed as soon as you finish an interview while it is still fresh in your mind.
Waiting to type an interview will make your job harder because you look back at notes or
listen to recordings and often forget some of the key moments or information and cant make
sense of things. Use your smart phone to record your interview, but make sure your device is
working properly and that you have pencil and paper to make notes when something stands
out. Also, gather all source information when you sit down with an interviewee (name,
spelling date, cell number, etc.). It should be on your notes/transcripts.

DRAFTS

The term draft has different meaning in yearbook/journalism. It should not have any missing
source material and should not contain comments like need to still interview a source in the
margins of the paper. Drafts are edited for their content. Your draft will allow the editor to
decide if the story is worthy of being published in the book or if there are too many holes in
the story that need to be addressed before it can be considered. This is an opportunity for
improvement. However, the draft should be polished. All drafts need to have a name, date,
period, title at the top with all source information listed at the bottom following the story.

ATTRIBUTION

Attribution is placed after the quote if the information given is more interesting or
prominent than the source. If the source or speaker is more important or will get the
attention of more readers than will the information, the attribution is placed first. BUT
as a general ruleattribution follows quote.
When a direct quotation is longer than one sentence, the attribution is normally
placed between the first and second sentence.
Use only one attribution per paragraph. Quotes are their own paragraphs.
Use punctuation correctly: The idea is extremely ludicdrous, Olarte said.

33
THE PROCESS

ANATOMY OF ANATOMY OF A YEARBOOK

A YEARBOOK SPREAD
DOMINANT PHOTO SUBHEAD HEADLINE
The largest photo or graphic element A detail packed, spread The title of the copy or story.
on the spread. specific secondary headline

BLEED
A photo or
element on a
page that breaks
the spreads
external margin
and runs to the
edge. BYLINE
Attribution of
person
responsible for
CAPTION
authoring the
The copy that
copy, photo,
identify the who,
layout and/or
what, when,
design.
where, why, and
how of a picture.
Every photo BODY COPY
should have one. Primary story...
every spread
EYELINE should have
An imaginary one.
unifying
horizontal line or
white space FOLIO
across the spread The page
to help guide the number and
reader from page spread
to page. identification
information.
QUOTATIONS DOUBLE PAGE SPREAD SECONDARY CONTENT
Direct statemenst a reporter obtains through an Two facing pages in a yearbook that Additional coverage that relates to and/or
FOLIO
interview that are included word-for-word and set are designed to appear as one compliments primary content of spread
apart with quotation marks and attribution. cohesive design.
EXTERNAL MARGIN DROP CAP
The white space around the INTERNAL MARGIN A decorative capital letter at the beginning of
outside of the spread The spacing between all of the a paragraph that hangs below the top line of
elements on a spread. the paragraph and occupies space of more
than one line.

SECONDARY
CONTENT
Additional
coverage that
relates to and/or
compliments
primary content
of spread

WHITE SPACE
Empty area of a
spread not
covered by copy,
photos, or
graphic
elements.

GUTTER
The fold between two pages where
the pages are bound together.

34
 scheduling your tme
THE PROCESS
THE FOUR-WEEK DEADLINE PLAN
Week 1: brainstorming/planning/interviewing
4-WEEK DEADLINE PLAN
ALL STAFFERS
MONDAY
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jhWdiYh_fji"ZhW\jijeh_[i$$$
Week 2: interviewing/writing/clarifying
ALL STAFFERS
MONDAY
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?dj[hl_[mdej[i%jhWdiYh_fji:K;jeZWo
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:ec_dWdjijeh_[i<?D7B?P;:--unless additional drafts are
requested
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Week 3: alternative coverage/captions/page building
ALL STAFFERS
MONDAY
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MhWfkfWbj[hdWj_l[Yel[hW][Z[jW_bi
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_dj[hl_[mi##j^Wjh[gk_h[iWX_je\fh[#i[WhY^
Week 4: editing and completion
ALL STAFFERS
MONDAY
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folios)
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fWYaW][Zifh[WZi_dje<_d_i^[ZFW][i\ehkfbeWZ_d]$
THURSDAY-FRIDAY--PREP FOR NEXT STORY
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PHOTOGRAPHERS
MONDAY
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PHOTOGRAPHERS
MONDAY
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H[l_[mfh_ehXeeaije[dikh[f_Yjkh[iWh[\h[i^##
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Zec_dWdjf^ejei\ehifh[WZXk_bZ_d]
PHOTOGRAPHERS
MONDAY
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PHOTOGRAPHERS
MONDAY
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IY^[Zkb[WdZYedhcf^ejeWii_]dc[dji
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35
EDITORS
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EDITORS
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EDITORS
Eh]Wd_p[%iY^[Zkb[bWj[d_]^jDEADLINE WORK TIME
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EDITORS
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Fh[f\ehd[njZ[WZb_d[YoYb[0#
THE OPPORTUNITIES

CONVENTIONS
Conventions are a major perk of being a yearbook staffer. We travel twice a year for National
conventions. We will also organize a couple of fundraisers to provide options for raising funds so this
opportunity is enjoyed by as many staffers as possible. We complete as a staff and as individuals at
conventions and attend classes that provide important learning opportunities to become better
journalists, writers, photographers, designers, etc.
National conventions are the largest gatherings of student journalists in America with great speakers,
fabulous tours, individual write-off competitions and more. Students attend keynote speaker
presentations and take a variety of journalism sessions each day taught by publication advisers,
teachers, college journalists and industry professionals that focus on photography, design, leadership,
writing, storytelling, broadcast, online media and more.

CONVENTIONS THIS YEAR

JEA/NSPA FALL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JOURNALISM CONVENTION

Hyatt Regency--Dallas, Texas
November 15-19, 2017
http://dallas.journalismconvention.org/

Hyatt Regency
300 Reunion Blvd
Dallas, Texas 75207

ESTIMATED TRIP EXPENSES:

Hotel Lodging: $275 (4 students to a room)
Airfare/Transportation: $275
Registration & Write-off: $110
Subsidized Deduction: -$110 (registration)
ESTIMATED TOTAL: $550 per person
______________________________________________________________________________________
JEA/NSPA SPRING NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JOURNALISM CONVENTION
Marriott Marquis, San Francisco, CA
April 12-15, 2018
http://sf.journalismconvention.org/

Marriott Marquis
780 Mission Street
San Francisco, CA 94103

ESTIMATED TRIP EXPENSES:

Hotel Lodging: $350 (4 students to a room)
Registration & Write-off: $110
Subsidized Deduction: -$110 (registration)
ESTIMATED TOTAL: $350 per person

FUNDRAISING
Students have the opportunity to sell cookie dough to raise funds that will go directly toward
convention expenses. We will also discuss other fundraising opportunities as a staff. Any ideas are
welcome. Students may also sell ads for the Enochs Idol show in the spring. They can begin selling ads
now.

36
THE PEOPLE

TRUE COLORKNOW YOUR STAFF

Instructions: Compare all 4 boxes in each row. Do not analyze each word; just get a sense
of each box.Score each of the four boxes in each row from most to least as it
describes you: 4 = most, 3 = a lot, 2 = somewhat, 1 = least.
Row 1 A B C D
Active Organized Warm Learning
Variety Planned Helpful Science
Sports Neat Friends Quiet
Opportunities
Spontaneous Parental Authentic Versatile
Flexible Traditional Harmonious Inventive
Responsible Compassionate Competent
Score Score Score Score
Row 2 E F G H
Curious Caring Orderly Action
Ideas People Oriented On-time Challenges
Questions Feelings Honest Competitive
Impetuous
Conceptual Unique Stable Impactful
Knowledge Empathetic Sensible
Problem Solver Communicative Dependable
Score Score Score Score
Row 3 I J K L
Helpful Kind Playful Independent
Trustworthy Understanding Quick Exploring
Dependable Giving Adventurous Competent
Devoted Confrontive Theoretical
Loyal Warm Open Minded Why Questions
Conservative Poetic Independent Ingenious
Organized
Score Score Score Score
Row 4 M N O P
Follow Active Sharing Thinking
Rules Free Getting Along Solving Problems
Useful Winning Feelings Perfectionistic
Save Money Daring Tender Determined
Concerned Impulsive Inspirational Complex
Procedural Risk Taker Dramatic Composed
Cooperative
Score Score Score Score
Row 5 Q R S T
Puzzles Social Causes Exciting Pride
Seeking Info Easy Going Lively Tradition
Making Sense Happy Endings Hands On Do Things Right
Philosophical Approachable Courageous Orderly
Principled Affectionate Skillful Conventional
Rational Sympathetic On Stage Careful
Score Score Score Score

Total Orange Score Total Green Score Total Blue Score Total Gold Score
A,H,K,N,S D, E, L, P, Q C, F, J, O, R B, G, I, M, T

If any of the scores in the colored boxes are less than 5 or greater than 20 you have
made an error. Please go back and read the instructions.

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THE PEOPLE
TRUE COLORKNOW YOUR STAFF
THE ORANGE PERSON
Action-Oriented & Active (38%)
The true quest of an orange is action; routine will pull
him/her down. Oranges are fun-loving, joyful,
impulsive, realistic and flexible. They are action-
oriented and are good in crisis situations. While they
are very practical in nature, oranges are also
spontaneous; they want to DO something, to enjoy
the moment. An orange feels a need for freedom and
space, seeks variety and change and prefers hands-on
experience. Oranges focus on the immediate; they
are good at solving problems and they love to
negotiate.
An orange person hungers for freedom, action and
adventure. An orange person likes non-structured or
spontaneous environments. She thrives on fun and
excitement. An orange person may disregard
deadlines and want to negotiate the rules. Orange
people can be quick to change gears, proficient and
capable. An orange person is a great troubleshooter
and negotiator and can be competitive.
An Orange May Appear to be
Irresponsible Goofing off too much Manipulative
Untrustworthy Unable to stay on task Scattered
Taking unnecessary risks Resisting closure or
decisions
Unprepared Flaky Self-centered Impatient
An Orange Sees Him/Herself as
Flexible, easygoing Having a playful attitude
Exploring new possibilities Clever, good negotiator
Open to change Having many interests Able to
do many things Adventurous, courageous Bold,
assertive Fun-loving, enjoying life Independent
Valuing freedom
An Oranges Concept of Success Emphasizes
Variety Performance Freedom to act Skill Fun
Expediency Being with people Winning
Money/Power
An Oranges Communication May be
Confident Loud Casual Direct Now oriented
Quick Brief Straightforward Flexible
When Communicating with an Orange
Listen for content Lighten up Use sound bites
Match their speed Appreciate their flair Offer
options
Give them an audience Make it a challenge Use
humor/spontaneity
THE GOLD PERSON
Institution-Oriented & Likes Structure (38%)
It is important for a gold to belong. Disarray or
disorganization will cause distress. Golds are stable,
loyal and decisive. They are most comfortable
preserving traditions, working within established
systems and following procedures. A gold often
resists change, as he or she believes that if
somethings not broken, you shouldnt try to fix it.
Golds are super dependable, very precise and
authority dependent. They have a strong sense of
social responsibility and many sets of shoulds and
should nots. Gold are stabilizers and traditionalists.
A Gold person is motivated by success and security.
He is responsible and dependable but may become
repetitive and need verification. A gold person likes to
plan. Abstract ideas and concepts are secondary until
the foundations of the job are plainly presented. The
gold person is on time, follows rules and directions
and gives no surprises. He thinks before making a
decision and is structured and specific. He usually
makes deadlines and completes tasks accurately and
in a timely manner. He follows the rules and is a team
player.
A Gold May Appear to be
Rigid, Inflexible Controlling, bossy Too serious
Resistant to change Opinionated System-bound
Lacking imagination Judgmental Boring
Uptight Predictable Autocratic
A Gold Sees Him/Herself as
Consistent Providing structure Goal-oriented
Firm or traditional Knowing right from wrong Loyal
to organization Realistic Decisive, seeking closure
Dependable Concerned about security
Following a routine Having leadership ability
A Golds Concept of Success Emphasizes
Conformity Responsibility Belonging Loyalty
Trust in organizations Family and home Financial
security
Recognition/rewards Service
A Golds Communication May be
In writing Task focused Purposeful Appropriate
Predictable Detail oriented Status quo Loyal
Accountable
When communicating with a Gold
Be specific Outline priorities Plan ahead Stay
on target Dont interrupt Apologize when
necessary Maintain composure Acknowledge hard
work Be consistent
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THE BLUE PERSON
People-Oriented & Personal (12%)
A blue spends life seeking an identity; guilt plays a
powerful role in his/her life. Blues are sympathetic,
cooperative and interactive. Their emphasis on
relationships is demonstrated through their integrity,
openness with compliments, hypersensitivity to
conflict and interpersonal skills. Blues are rewarded
by encouragement and recognition. A blue is a
mysterious, creative personality involved in an
ongoing search for self. Blues are supportive of others
and always see possibilities for people; they often
serve as the catalyst for action within a group. Nearly
one-third of all teachers (32%) are blue.
A blue is optimistic, dramatic, nurturing and
motivating. She is friendly, imaginative and abstract.
She is people oriented and feels best in an open,
interactive atmosphere. She stresses when conflicts
arise and flourishes in an atmosphere of cooperation.
A blue persons feelings need to be valued and
respected. A blue person needs to feel cared for,
special and unique.
A Blue May Appear to be
Very emotional Overly sensitive Mushy Too
tenderhearted Easily persuaded Too nice Too
trusting Smothering Too soft, too giving Weak
Talking too much Illogical
A Blue Sees Him/Herself as
Having feelings Compassionate Romantic
Idealistic
Empathetic Caring Seeing best in others
Nurturing
Liking to please people Wanting harmony
Great communicator Valuing feelings
A Blues Concept of Success Emphasizes
Self-actualization Harmony Personal
Relationships Authenticity Cooperation
Uniqueness Motivator/friend of students
Recognition Advisers are friends
A Blues Communication May be
Friendly Helpful Empathetic/Compassionate
Fostering harmony Indirect Personal Expressing
emotion Polite Creative
When Communicating with a Blue
Acknowledge them Let them know you care
Recognize their contributions Recognize their
contributions Include them Have patience Listen
for feelings Let them share what they know Hear
them out
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THE GREEN PERSON
Idea/Subject-Oriented & Intellectual (12%)
The true quest of a green is competence; nothing will
halt a green (and his/her respect) more quickly than a
display of incompetence. Greens are high achievers
and nonconformists who strive to be independent
from authority. They are known for their respect of
principles and knowledge, as well as their objective
perceptions and intellectual curiosity. Greens are
independent and argumentative, they enjoy
complexity and they create competitions against
themselves and others. As avid conceptualizers,
greens are seen as architects of change and systems
designers. Their visionary views often guide those
they work with.
A Green likes to be viewed as the expert. He is
gratified by probing abstract concepts, and needs
recognition and appreciation of his competence in a
subject. The green person takes a logical approach to
problem solving, is theoretical and is driven to
understand why and how. He prefers to work
independently and needs to be challenged. He is
curious and conceptualizing. A green person can be
bored with routine paperwork and can be demanding
on himself and others. Sometimes his perfectionism
and focus on the process will keep him from
completing deadlines and tasks.
A Green May Appear to be
Arrogant, a know it all Cold, hard, rigid
Insensitive Head in the clouds Cool, aloof,
unfeeling Afraid to open up Critical, fault-finding
Lacking compassion Unappreciative of others
Intellectually demanding Argumentative Absent
minded
A Green Sees Him/Herself as
Confident Mentally strong Logical, rational
Visionary Inventive Self-controlled Objective
Analytical Having ability to reprimand Having high
expectations Knowledgeable/an expert Thinking
deeply
A Greens Concept of Success Emphasizes
Knowledge Logic Self-control Clarity Principle
Intelligence Expertise in technology Regarded as
an expert Recognized achievement
A Greens Communication May be
Purposeful Private Irritated at stupid questions
Sharing the big picture Communication with
conviction Insisting hes right Using big words
Logical/abstract/hypothetical Asking many questions
When Communicating with a Green
Give them time to think Speak for a purpose
Recognize their contributions Watch your
vocabulary Stick to logic Notice their wry humor
Dont be annoyed by their questions they love INFO.
THE PEOPLE

YEARBOOK STAFF ROSTER 2018

You are responsible for knowing the names of all staff membersyou will be quizzed on the first and last
spelling of every name! SO STUDY THESE NAMES! Program phone numbers into your cell phones so
you can contact people on staff when it is necessary. Also you are responsible for bringing birthday
goodies for the person whose birthday follows yours on the birthday calendar! Dont forget! Please bring
something homemade or bakery fresh that the entire staff can enjoyplease avoid anything that needs to
be cut or served on plates. Dont forget to bring napkins with your treats J

STUDENT PARENT
LAST FIRST GR DOB BD CELL BDAY YUM FIRST

Cuevas Arian 12 8/16/99 1 209-497-2870 Brownies Rocio Vazquez

Satish &
Kumar Nicholas 12 8/21/00 2 209-613-5215 Brownies Nirmala Kumar

Yasin Tasneem 12 8/30/00 3 209-251-2172 Donuts Raida Yasin

Poblete Isabelle 11 9/6/01 4 209-552-5358 Donuts Laura Poblete

Choc.Chip Lisa & Sean
Fenter Marisa 12 9/20/00 5 209-588-6323 Cookies Fenter

Machuca Victoria 12 9/23/00 6 209-602-6139 Brownies Edith Machuca

Choc.Chip Rebecca
Valadez Geovanni 12 9/26/00 7 209-380-6908 Cookies Tinoco
Cupcake
Al Murisi Mohamed 12 10/2/99 8 209-248-9485 (white) Usra Sharfdien
Anna Duarte-
Francisco Anthony 12 10/22/99 9 209-312-8345 Brownies Castro

Ortega Gabriel 12 10/25/00 10 209-531-5571 Donuts Ana Ortega

Choc.Chip
Weer Yjan Leigh 12 11/5/00 11 209-857-2254 Cookies Yvonne Weer

Lal Anikesh 12 11/27/00 12 209-988-8468 Brownies Shamila Lal

Choc.Chip
McCarthy Tamra ST 2/7/00 13 209-712-0913 Cookies
Choc.Chip
Hansen Merridith 11 2/9/01 14 209-505-0630 Cookies Kristi Hansen

Lee Inde 9 4/15/03 16 808-589-8029 Brownies Adelia Lee

Ochoa Arlette 11 5/21/01 17 623-326-2833 Brownies Emilia Urbina

Music Joseph 11 7/3/01 18 209-408-2787 Donuts Patti Music

Jawad Ahmad 11 7/10/02 19 510-940-3743 Brownies Sofia Wali

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