GROUP ASSIGNMENT:

Procedure of Airplane Take-Off

and Lung Surgery

By Group Accounting Class - Auditing:

Amellia Samantha / 008201500036
Isac Lewis Hutagaol / 008201500054
Jenete Leticia Lopes C. / 008201500056
Yola Srirezeki Napitupulu / 008201500099
Fiqri Atriyani Rahayu / 008201500114
Batch 2015
Operational Auditing Subject
Lecturer: Asep Supriatna

President University
Jalan Ki Hajar Dewantara, Cikarang,
West Java - Indonesia
(021) 89109762

October 2017
 Lung Surgery Procedure

Patient will have general anesthesia before surgery. Patient will be asleep and unable to
feel pain. Two common ways to do surgery on Patients lungs are thoracotomy and video-assisted
thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Lung surgery using a thoracotomy is called open surgery. Open
lung surgery may take from 2 to 6 hours. Thoracotomy procedure:

1. Patient will have general anesthesia before surgery.

2. Patient will lie on his/her side on an operating table. His/her arm will be placed above his/her
head.
3. The surgeon will make a surgical cut between two ribs. The cut will go from the front of
patients chest wall to his/her back, passing just underneath the armpit. These ribs will be
separated.
4. Patients lung on this side will be deflated so that air will not move in and out of it during
surgery. This makes it easier for the surgeon to operate on the lung.
5. The surgeon may not know how much of patients lung needs to be removed until his/her chest
is open and the lung can be seen.
6. The surgeon may also remove lymph nodes in this area.
7. After surgery, one or more drainage tubes will be placed into patients chest area to drain out
fluids that build up. These tubes are called chest tubes.
8. Then, the surgeon will close the ribs, muscles, and skin with sutures.
9. Lung surgery is finished.

On the other hand, for Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery, this procedure
actually leads to much less pain and a faster recovery than open lung surgery. The procedure:
1. The surgeon will make several small surgical cuts over patients chest wall. A videoscope (a
tube with a tiny camera on the end) and other small tools will be passed through these cuts.
2. Then, the surgeon may remove part or all of patients lung, drain fluid or blood that has built
up, or do other procedures.
3. One or more tubes will be placed into patients chest to drain fluids that build up.
4. Then, the surgeon will close the ribs, muscles, and skin with sutures.
5. Lung surgery is finished.
 Airplane Take-Off (C-172S) Procedure

1. Ensure the before takeoff checklists are complete and flaps set to 10.
2. Check wind direction indicators, as available, and listen to ATC's wind call when given
clearance for takeoff.
ATC: "[Callsign], [Wind], cleared for takeoff [Runway]".
Example: "Cessna One Seven Two Seven Victor, wind two seven zero at one zero,
cleared for takeoff runway two six".
3. Check the approach path is clear and then taxi into takeoff position.
Crossing the hold short call "Lights" (nav/strobe/landing), "Camera" (transponder),
"Action" (mixture/flaps/trim/fuel pump, if required.
Utilize all available runway available (i.e., taxi straight ahead before aligning with the
runway centerline) while positioning the flight control as appropriate for the wind
conditions.
Ensure you roll forward enough to straighten the nose/tailwheel.
Verify heading indicator/magnetic compass are for that of the active runway.
Apply full yoke into the wind.
4. Firmly depress the brake pedals to ensure holding the airplane in position during full power
run-up.
5. Smoothly and continuously apply full throttle, checking engine instruments and tachometer.
ICS: "Engine instruments in the green".
6. Release the brakes, maintaining directional control and runway centerline with the rudder
pedals.
Lower feet to the floor (toes on rudders, not brakes).
7. As you start to roll, monitor the airspeed.
ICS: "Airspeed Alive".
Keep in right rudder and some left aileron to counteract p-factor crosswind effect as
required.
As you accelerate, the aircraft must be flown and not taxied, requiring smaller inputs.
8. At Vr, call out, "Vr, Rotate" and increase control yoke back pressure to pitch up (approx. 11-
12).
Vr is 51 KIAS, or as recommended for lower takeoff weight.
Smoothly pitch up or the aircraft may delay a climb.
Forcing the aircraft off the ground may leave it stuck in ground effect or stall.
During gust conditions, the pilot should remain on the deck a little longer.
9. After liftoff, establish and maintain obstacle clearance speed (56 KIAS, or as recommended
for takeoff weight) until all obstacles are cleared (50' AGL), while maintaining the flight path
over the runway centerline.
Trim as necessary.
Use of the rudders may be required to keep the airplane headed straight down the
runway, avoiding P-factor.
The remainder of the climb technique is the same used for normal takeoffs and climbs.
10. With a positive rate of climb and no available landing area remaining, depress the brake pedals,
call out, "Positive Climb".
11. With obstacles cleared, lower the pitch to begin accelerating to Vy (74 KIAS).
12. At or above 65 KIAS, retract the flaps to 0.
Establish and maintain Vy.
Trim as necessary.
Avoid drifting off centerline or into obstructions, or the path of another aircraft that may
be taking off from a parallel runway.
13. During the climb out (no less than 200' AGL), lower nose momentarily to ensure that the
airspace ahead is clear, and then re-establish Vy, while maintaining flight path over extended
runway centerline.
Trim as required.
14. At 500' AGL, lower the pitch (approx. 7-8) to establish and maintain a cruise climb (85 KIAS).
NOTE: Maintain Vy if climb performance warrants
15. Execute a departure procedure or remain in the traffic pattern, as appropriate. Complete the
climb flow/checklist, when appropriate.
16. Execute a departure procedure or remain in the traffic pattern as appropriate.
17. Take-off procedure is finished.