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Structure of Matter
2. Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus. They also have 6 electrons outside the nucleus. What is
carbons atomic number and atomic mass? Atomic # is 6, Atomic mass is 12
3. The table lists the volume and mass of four substances. List the substances in order using density from lowest density to
highest density.
5. When heat is applied to the gas in a hot air balloon, it rises. Why does this happen?
Thermal expansion
Physical change
Ice) vibrates in place and is close and compact Liquid) moves past each other slowly
9. Calcium cannot be changed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances. What would calcium be
classified as?
An element
Four
12. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is made of carbon and oxygen. Carbon and oxygen are examples of what?
Valence Electrons
Atoms
Mid-Term Study Guide Test Date: Monday December 18th, 2017
15. A sugar cube is placed in a cup of hot water. After a period of time, what will happen to the sugar cube?
It will dissolve.
Physical Change
Solids
19. All of the elements we know are shown in a table. What is this table called?
Periodic Table
20. When a liquid gets very hot, what state of matter does it change in to?
Gas, and if it is hot enough, it becomes plasma.
21. Draw a diagram to represent the particles in liquid, solid, and gas.
22. Connie adds a package of powdered drink mix and some sugar to a pitcher of water, then stirs it well. What is the best
description of the substance in the pitcher? Homogenous mixture OR solution
Periodic Table
2. How do you figure out the mass of an atom given protons, neutrons, and electrons? add the protons/electrons and the
neutrons together
3. How do you figure out how many neutrons are in an atom? Atomic mass atomic #
3. How do you figure out how many electrons are in an atom? it is equal to the number of protons and the atomic #
4. How do you figure out how many protons are in an atom? it is equal to the number of electrons and the atomic #
5. Remember the rules for Bohr Models. Be able to construct one. WILL NOT HAVE TO CONSTRUCT ONE!
6. What is an isotope? An atom with a varying number of neutrons; changes the atomic mass but not the element
7. What is an ion? a charged atom- negative charge = anion, positive charge= cation
8. What are valence electrons? the outer most electrons in an atom; used in boding
Mid-Term Study Guide Test Date: Monday December 18th, 2017
9. What is periodic law? elements characteristics change periodically as you move across the periodic table
a. What are the columns and rows called? Columns= groups, rows = periods
c. How do most elements on the periodic table appear at room temperature and pressure? solid
11. Unless noted, all atoms have which type of charge? neutral
13. What is alpha decay? decay in which an alpha (He) molecule is released
14. What is beta decay? decay in which a beta molecule (electron) is released
15. What is fission? Be able to identify it given an equation. When an element splits into 2 or more different elements
16. What is fusion? Be able to identify it given an equation. When two or more elements come together to form one
element
17. What is half life? Be able to calculate it. the amount of time it takes for half an amount of substance to decay
6. Which groups on the periodic table react the easiest? Why is this so? groups 1 and 2 because they have the fewest
valence electrons
9. Which elements do not normally form chemical bonds and why? Noble gases because they have a full octet
12. Name the properties of covalent compounds. low melting and boiling points, soft, brittle, comes in a variety of colors
13. When you form new compounds due to chemical bonding, what happens to the properties of the original
elements? elements lose their original properties
14. Why do atoms bond with other atoms? to become more stable; gain more electrons
15. What is a cation? An anion? How would you notate these? cation- positive ion; lose electrons, anion- negative ion;
gain electrons
16. Which type of element is most likely to gain electrons when it forms bonds? nonmetal
17. Which type of element is most likely to lose electrons when it forms bonds? metal
Mid-Term Study Guide Test Date: Monday December 18th, 2017
18. What is the same within each group on the periodic table? valence electrons
20. What do atoms gain, lose, or share when they bond? electrons
1. Where is the product found in a chemical reaction? A reactant? Product is before the yield (arrow) and reactant is
after
2. What is the law of conservation of mass? Mass can not be created or destroyed
b. How to identify each part the solvent is typically in a larger amount than the solute
the maximum amount of solute has been added to the solvent; supersaturated= more solute has been added to
the solvent than it can hold- solute will start settling to the bottom
f. Dilute & concentrated: dilute= very little solute; concentrated= a lot of solute
g. Factors that affect dissolving rate: aggitation (like stirring), surface area of solute, temperature
b. Ions in acids: H+
e. pH & pH scale
Mid-Term Study Guide Test Date: Monday December 18th, 2017