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Jain
Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Shear Force and Bending Moment 2.47
Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Simple
SimpleStresses
Stressesand
andStrains
Strains 1.21
3.21
23. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in fig. Calculate the forece
P2 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 10 kN, P3 = 40 kN and P4 = 16 kN. Take E = 2.05 10 N/mm .
5 2

Determine the total elongation of the member. S.R.T.M.U. [N 09]

Dia. 25 mm Dia. 50 mm
Dia. 30 mm

P2 P3
P1 1 3 P4
2

1000 mm 600 mm 800 mm

Solution : Given : d1 = 25 mm, d2 = 50 mm, d3 = 30 mm.

L1 = 1000 mm, L2 = 600 mm, L3 = 800 mm.
P1 = 10 kN, P3 = 40 kN, P4 = 16 kN.
E = E1 = E2 = E3 = 2.05 105 N/mm2. Find P2 = ?, l = ?
2 2
A1 = d1 = 25 = 156.25 mm2
4 4 Dia. 25 mm Dia. 50 mm
Dia. 30 mm
2 2
A2 = d 2 = 50 = 625 mm2 10 kN P2 = 40 kN
4 4 16 kN
1 3
2
2 2 34 kN
A3 = d 3 = 30 = 225 mm2
4 4 1000 mm 600 mm 800 mm
For the equilibrium of the entire bar,
Fx = 0 (considering +ve and ve)
10 + P2 40 + 16 = 0
P2 = + 34 kN ()
Consider Free Body Diagram (F.B.D.) of each part as shown in fig.

34 kN
10 kN 1 40 kN 10 kN
16 kN
1000 mm

10 kN 40 kN
24 kN 2 24 kN
34 kN 16 kN

600 mm

10 kN
16 kN 34 kN 3 16 kN
40 kN
800 mm

Thus, forces on each part

P1 = + 10 kN = + 10 103 N (Tensile)
P2 = 24 kN = 24 103 N (Compressive)
P3 = + 16 kN = + 16 103 N (Tensile)
We know that, total change in length of bar
l = l 1 + l 2 + l 3
P1L1 PL PL
l = + 2 2 + 3 3
A1E1 A 2 E 2 A 3E 3
Here E1 = E2 = E3 = E
1 P1L1 P2 L 2 P3L 3
l = + +
E A1 A2 A3

1 10 103 1000 24 103 600 16 103 800

l = +
2.05 105 156.25 625 225

l = + 0.1519 mm (Elongation)

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Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Shear Force and BendingS.F.B.M.
Moment 2.43
2.47
35. A simply supported beam carries an U.V.L. and a point load as shown in fig. Draw shear force
and bending moment diagrams. Also, locate the position and magnitude of the maximum bending
moment. Solapur Univ. [M 08]
20 kN/m
30 kN

A C B
D E

1m 3m 1m 1m

Solution :
Step 1 : Support Reactions : MA = 0 ( = +ve, = ve)
1
V = 0 ( = +ve, = ve) +( 20 3) 3 + 30 5 RB 6 = 0
2
1
RA + RB ( 20 3) 30 = 0 6RB = 240 kN
2
RA + RB = 60 kN RB = 40 kN (
) and RA = 60 40 = 20 kN (
)

Step 2 : S.F. Calculations : 20 kN/m

+ ve ve 30 kN
SAL = 0 [L]
C h
SAR = 20 kN [L] A B
D E
SC = 20 kN [L] RA = 20 kN RB = 40 kN
1 1m 3m 1m 1m
SD = 20 ( 20 3) = 10 kN [L]
2 L.D.
SEL = 10 kN [L]
Parabolic Curve
SER = 10 30 = 40 kN [L] 20 kN 20 kN nd
(2 degree curve)
+
SBL = 40 kN [L] 0
F
0
SBR = 40 + 40 = 0 [L] x
10 kN 10 kN
S.F.D.
Step 3 : B.M. Calculations : 40 kN 40 kN
MA = 0 [L]
MC = 20 1 = 20 kNm [L] Cubic Curve 52.66 kNm
(3rd degree curve) 50 kNm
1
MD = 20 4 ( 20 3) 1 = 50 kNm [L] 40 kNm
2 +
20 kNm
or 30 1 + 40 2 = 50 kNm [R]
ME = 40 1 = 40 kNm [R] 0 0
MB = 0 [R] B.M.D.

Step 4 : Maximum B.M. : In S.F.D., the S.F. is zero at point F. Let x be the distance of point F from C.
20x h 20
Load intensity at F = h = Q x = 3
3
Since S.F. at F = 0. C h 20 kN/m
A
1 1m x F D
20 ( h x) = 0
2 20 kN 3m
1 20x
20 ( x) = 0
2 3
10x 2
20 = 0 60 10x2 = 0 10x2 = 60
3
x = 6 = 2.449 m
1 x x2 20x x 2 20x 3
B.M. at F = 20 (1 + x) ( h x) = 20 + 20x h = 20 + 20x = 20 + 20x
2 3 6 3 6 18
20(2.449)3
= 20 + 20(2.449) = 52.66 kNm
18
Maximum B.M. = B.M. at F = 52.66 kNm
Therefore, Maximum B.M. is at 1 + 2.449 = 3.449 m from A.

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Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Bending Stressesand
Simple Stresses in Beams
Strains 3.13
3.21
Formulae of Maximum Bending Moment (M) in Some Standard Cases :
Table below shows magnitude and position of maximum bending moment in some standard load conditions.
1) Simply supported beam with point load at mid span 2) Simply supported beam with u.d.l. on entire span

W w /unit length
Mmax =
WL wL2
A A Mmax =
B 4 B 8
L/2 L/2 Occurs at mid span.
L Occurs at mid span.
L

3) Cantilever with point load at free end 4) Cantilever with u.d.l. at free end

W w /unit length 2
wL
Mmax = WL Mmax =
A A B
2
B
Occurs at fixed point. Occurs at fixed point.
L L

Type 1

Problems on Beams having Symmetric Cross-Section

1. A steel cantilever beam of span 4 m is subjected to a point load of 2 kN at the free end. The cross-
section of the beam is 50 mm wide and 75 mm deep. Determine the maximum bending stress in
the beam. Dr.B.A.M.U.[M 07]

Solution : Given : L = 4 m, W = 2 kN, b = 50 mm, d = 75 mm. Find max = ?

50 mm t = 170.66 N/mm
2 kN
yt
75 mm
A B N A
yc
4m
c = 170.66 N/mm
Load Diagram Cross-section Bending stress distribution

Since, the beam is cantilever, tensile stress will develop in the top layer and compressive stress will develop in the
bottom layer.
Maximum bending moment is at fixed end A
M = W.L = 2 4 = 8 kNm = 8 106 Nmm
Moment of Inertia of beam cross-section
bd 3 50 753
I = = = 1757812.5 mm4
12 12
Distance of extreme layers from neutral axis N-A
d 75
ymax = yt = yc = = = 37.5 mm
2 2
M
Using the relation =
I y
M 8 106
max = ymax = 37.5 = 170.66 N/mm (i.e. t = c = 170.66 N/mm)
I 1757812.5

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Strength
Strengthof MaterialsP.
ofMaterials P.H.
H.Jain
Jain Shear
Shear Force andStresses
Bending inMoment
Beams 4.29 2.47
32. A simply supported beam carries a u.d.l. of 80 kN/m over the entire span of 6 meter. The cross-
section of the beam is a T-section having flange 150 mm 50 mm and web 50 mm 150 mm.
Calculate the maximum shear stress for the section of the beam. Also draw shear stress
distribution diagram. S.R.T.M.U.[D 11], Dr.B.A.M.U.[ [M 98]
Solution : Given : S.S.B. of L = 6 m, w = 80 kN/m, T-section as shown. Find 1, 2 and max = ?

80 kN/m

A B
6m
RA = 240 kN RB = 240 kN

From symmetry of load diagram,

wL (80 6)
Reaction RA = RB = = = 240 kN
2 2
Maximum shear force = Shear force at A and B
S = 240 kN = 240 103 N

150 mm
0

50 mm
1 1 50 mm75 mm
1 2
2 2 11.29 33.88
25 mm
12.5 mm
N A max = 35.29
62.5 mm
150 mm
y = 125 mm

0
50 mm
Shear stress in N/mm
Cross-section Shear stress distribution

Distance of centroidal axis (N-A) from base of section

A 1 y1 + A 2 y 2 (150 50) 175 + (50 150) 75
y = = = 125 mm
A1 + A 2 (150 50) + (50 150)
Moment of Inertia of beam cross-section about N-A
I = I xx1 + I xx 2 = [ I G1 + A1h 12 ] + [ I G 2 + A 2 h 2 2 ]

150 50 3 50 150 3
= + (150 50)(175 125) 2 + + (50 150)(125 75) 2 = 53.125 106 mm4
12 12
Shear stresses at top and bottom of the section are zero.
Shear stress in top flange at junction of top flange and web (Section 1-1)
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)]
1 = = = 11.29 N/mm
bI 150 53.125 10 6
Shear stress in web at junction of top flange and web (Section 2-2)
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)]
2 = = = 33.88 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
Flange width 150
or 2 = 1 = 11.29 = 33.88 N/mm
Web width 50
Maximum shear stress = Shear stress at N-A. Consider area above N-A.
SAy 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50) + (50 25) (12.5)]
max = NA = = = 35.29 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
or alternatively, by considering area below N-A
SAy 240 10 3 [(125 50) (62.5)]
max = NA = = = 35.29 N/mm
bI 50 53.125 10 6
Strength MaterialsP.P.H.H.Jain
StrengthofofMaterials Jain Direct
Simpleand bending
Stresses andStresses
Strains 5.9
3.21
12. A rectangular column 200 mm wide and 150 mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 15 kN at an
eccentricity of 50 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum
intensities of stress in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U.[M 08], Amravati Univ.[M 09]
Solution : Given : b = 200 mm, d = 150 mm, P = 15 kN = 15 103 N, e = 50 mm. Find max and min = ?
Area of section
15 kN
A = b d = 200 150 = 30000 mm2
Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
50
db 3 150 2003 mm
Iyy = = = 100 106 mm4
12 12
Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis
b 200
x= = = 100 mm
2 2
Direct stress
200 mm
P 15 10 3
d = = = 0.5 N/mm (Compressive) Y
A 30000 A C
50
Bending stress mm
150 mm X X
M Pe 15 10 3 50
b = = x= 100 = 0.75 N/mm
Z I yy 100 10 6 B Y D
x x
Maximum stress
min
max = d + b = 0.5 + 0.75 = 1.25 N/mm (Comp. on side CD)
= 0.25
Minimum stress max
= 1.25
min = d b = 0.5 0.75 = 0.25 N/mm (Tensile on side AB)
Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.

13. A hollow rectangular column is having external and internal dimensions as 1200 mm deep 800
mm wide and 900 mm deep 500 mm wide respectively. A vertical load of 200 kN is transmitted in
the vertical plane bisecting 1200 mm side and at an eccentricity of 110 mm from the geometric axis
of the section. Calculate the maximum and minimum stresses in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U. [N 09]
Solution : Given : B = 800 mm, D = 1200 mm, b = 500 mm, d = 900 mm, P = 200 kN = 200 103 N,
e = 110 mm. Find max and min = ?
Area of section 800 mm
500 mm
A = BD bd = 800 1200 500 900 = 510000 mm2 A Y D
Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
DB3 db 3
Iyy =
1200 mm

12 12
900 mm

P
X X
1200 800
3
900 500 3
110 mm

=
12 12
= 4.1825 1010 mm4
Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis
B Y C
B 800
x= = = 400 mm x x
2 2
Base Section
Direct stress
P 200 10 3 min
d = = = 0.392 N/mm (Compressive)
A 510000
max
Bending stress
M Pe 200 103 110
b = = x= 400 = 0.210 N/mm Stress Distribution
Z I yy 4.1825 1010 at base
Maximum stress
max = d + b = 0.392 + 0.210 = 0.602 N/mm (Compressive on side CD)
Minimum stress
min = d b = 0.392 0.210 = 0.182 N/mm (Compressive on side AB)
Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.
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Strength
Strengthof MaterialsP.
ofMaterials P.H.
H.Jain
Jain Shear Force and Bending Torsion
Moment 6.35
2.47

Type 3.2

Problems on Composite Shafts In Series (with different torques)

34. A stepped shaft is subjected to torques as shown in fig. (a). The length of each section is 0.5 m
and the diameters are 80 mm, 60 mm and 40 mm as shown in fig. If G = 80 GPa, what is the angle
of twist in degrees at the free end ? Dr. B.A.M.U. B.Tech.C.[N 04], Dr. B.A.M.U.[N 99]

Solution :
3 kNm Compound shaft in series as shown.
2 kNm 1 kNm L1= L2 = L3 = 0.5 m = 500 mm,
D1 = 40 mm, D2 = 60 mm, D3 = 80 mm,
D 3 2 1 G 3
B A 1 = G2 = G3 = G = 80 GPa = 80 10
C
60 mm 40 mm N/mm.
80 mm
Find = ?
0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m
Fig. (a)
Consider F.B.D. of each shaft separately as shown in fig. (b) starting from shaft 1

3+2+1 3+2+1
= 6 kNm = 6 kNm 2+1 2+1
= 3 kNm = 3 kNm 1 kNm 1 kNm

3 2 1
B B A
D C C
Fig. (b) F.B.D. of each shaft
Thus, torques on each shaft
T1 = 1 kNm = 1 106 Nmm
T2 = 3 kNm = 3 106 Nmm
T3 = 6 kNm = 6 106 Nmm
Therefore, angle of twist at free end
= 1 + 2 + 3 (in anticlockwise direction)
T1L1 T L TL
= + 2 2 + 3 3
G1I P1 G 2 I P2 G 3 I P3
L T1 T2 T3
= + + [ Q L1= L2 = L3 & G1 = G2 = G3]
G I P1 I P2 I P3

500 1 10 6 3 10 6 6 10 6
= + +
80 10 3 40 4 4
60
4
80
32 32 32
180
= 0.4893 rad. = 0.4893 = 2.80O

35. The stepped steel shaft shown in fig. is subjected to a torque T at the free end and a torque of
2T in the opposite direction at the junction of the two sizes. What is the total angle of twist at the
free end, if the maximum shear stress in the shaft is limited to 70 MN/m. Take the modulus of
rigidity as 84 GN/m. Dr. B.A.M.U. [D 00]

2T
T
A
C
B 50 mm
100 mm

1.2 m 1.8 m

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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Simple Stresses and Strains 3.21
44. A point in a strained material is subjected to stresses shown in fig. By using Mohrs circle find :
1) The magnitude of principal stresses.
2) The direction of principal planes.
3) The magnitude of maximum shear stress.
4) The direction of planes of maximum shear stress.
5) The normal stress on the planes carrying maximum shear stress. Solapur Univ. [N 06]

Solution : Given : x = 100 N/mm (tensile), y = 40 N/mm (tensile), = 20 N/mm,

Find 1, 2, P1, P2, max, S1, S2 , n = ? +

40 N/mm R

20 N/mm H

100 100
N/mm A P
N/mm +
O Q B C

20 N/mm
G
40 N/mm
Fig. (a) S

Fig. (b) Scale : 1 cm = 10 N/mm2

Mohrs Circle : Refer fig. (b)

Lets choose scale : 1 cm = 10 N/mm2.
1) Mark origin O and draw horizontal and vertical axes through O.
2) Draw OA = x = 100 N/mm2 = 10 cm and OB = y = 40 N/mm2 = 4 cm towards right from O.
3) At A and B, draw perpendicular lines AG and BH = = 20 N/mm2 = 2 cm as shown.
4) Mark mid-point of AB as C. Join G-H passing through C. With center C and diameter GH draw a
circle.
5) From C, draw CR and CS perpendicular to OA.
By measurement,
Major Principal Stress
1 = Length OP scale = 10.6 cm 10 = 106 N/mm (tensile)

Minor Principal Stress

2 = Length OQ scale = 3.4 cm 10 = 34 N/mm (tensile)

Direction of Major Principal Plane

Q 2P1 = Angle GCP (in anticlockwise direction) = 33.7O P1 = 16.85O

Direction of Minor Principal Plane

P2 = P1 + 90O = 16.85O + 90O = 106.85O
Or Q 2P2 = Angle GCQ (in anticlockwise direction) = 213.7O P2 = 106.85O

Maximum Shear Stress

max = Radius CR scale = 3.6 cm 10 = 36 N/mm

Direction of Planes of Maximum Shear Stress (+ ve)

Q 2S1 = Angle GCR (in anticlockwise direction) = 123.7O S1 = 61.85O

Direction of Planes of Maximum Shear Stress ( ve)

S2 = S1 + 90O = 61.85O + 90O = 151.85O
Or Q 2S2 = Angle GCS (in anticlockwise direction) = 303.7O S2 = 151.85O

Normal Stress on plane of maximum shear stress

n = Length OC scale = 7 cm 10 = 70 N/mm (tensile)

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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain
CONTENTS OFShear
THISForce and Bending Moment
BOOK 2.47

1) Simple Stresses and Strains

2) Shear Force and Bending Moment

3) Bending Stresses in Beams

4) Shear Stresses in Beams

5) Direct and Bending Stresses

6) Torsion

7) Principal Stresses and Strains

8) Thin Cylinders

9) Strain Energy

10) Slope and Deflection

11) Axially Loaded Columns

Appendix : Solution of University Question Papers

A) Dr. B. A. M. U. Aurangabad

B) Solapur University, Solapur

C) S. R. T. M. U. Nanded

Maharashtra, (INDIA)