Nama : HESTIANA MARDINI

Kelas : IV B
NIM : KHG C 11079
Mata Kuliah : Riset Keperawatan
Tugas : Jurnal

“HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN DAN PERAWATAN KELUARGA DENGAN

PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN DAN AKTIFITAS SEHARI-HARI PADA LANSIA”

JURNAL 1
Intergenerational Relationships and Family Care and Support for Thai Elderly
John Knodel & Napaporn Chayovan
Published online: 4 March 2009
# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009

Abstract
Intergenerational relations between older age parents and their children remain pervasive in
Thailand. Over 70% of older persons live with or next to a child. Material assistance from
children remains substantial. Desertion of elderly parents is quite rare. Family members,
particularly children, are the main persons providing assistance to frail older persons.
Nevertheless, co-residence with children has declined and living alone or only with a spouse has
increased. Given projected smaller family sizes of future cohorts of older persons and the
increasing migration of their children, these trends are certain to continue. Widespread access to
telephones helps elderly parents to maintain social contact with distant children. Still, reduced
numbers of adult children and their increased migration pose challenges for personal care of the
elderly. Clearly adaptations by family and state are needed if the quality of life of Thai elders is
to continue to improve.
Keywords Thailand . Ageing . Family support . Living arrangements . Older persons In Thailand,
as in Southeast Asia generally, informal systems of social and economic exchange within the
family impact the well-being of the older age population (World Bank 1994). In this paper, we

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examine the nature and extent of family support in terms of living arrangements, caregiving,
material support and social contact. We also assess the extent of desertion of Thai elderly parents
by their adult children. The analysis focuses on persons age 60 and older and is based on the
nationally

Translate:
Hubungan antar generasi dan Family Care dan Dukungan untuk Thai Lansia
John Knodel & Napaporn Chayovan
Dipublikasikan secara online: 4 Maret 2009
# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009

Abstrak
Hubungan mendalam secara umum antara orang tua usia yang lebih tua dan anak-anak mereka
tetap meresap di Thailand. Lebih dari 70% orang tua hidup dengan atau di samping anak.
Bantuan materi dari anak-anak tetap penting. Meninggalkan orang tua tua adalah cukup langka.
Anggota keluarga, terutama anak-anak, adalah orang-orang utama yang memberikan bantuan
untuk orang tua yang lemah. Namun demikian, tinggal dengan anak-anak memiliki penurunan
dan hidup sendiri atau hanya dengan pasangan meningkat. Mengingat diproyeksikan ukuran
keluarga kecil di masa depan orang tua dan migrasi meningkat anak-anak mereka, tren ini yakin
akan banyak untuk melanjutkan. Akses luas ke telepon membantu orang tua tua untuk
mempertahankan kontak sosial dengan anak anak yang jauh. Namun, nomor mengurangi anak
anak dewasa dan migrasi mereka meningkat menimbulkan tantangan bagi perawatan pribadi dari
orang tua. Jelas adaptasi oleh keluarga dan negara diperlukan jika kualitas hidup orang tua
(lansia) Thailand untuk terus meningkatkan.
Kata kunci Thailand. Penuaan. Dukungan keluarga. Hidup pengaturan. orang tua

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Kesimpulan dari Jurnal tersebut:
Hubungan antar generasi antara orang tua usia yang lebih tua dan anak-anak mereka tetap
meresap . Lebih dari 70 % orang berusia 60 dan lebih baik hidup dengan atau di samping anak.
Bantuan materi dari anak-anak dewasa tetap substansial dan sejauh ini berkelanjutan meskipun
perubahan sosial dan ekonomi yang luas. Dengan demikian sebagian besar Thailand lebih tua
masih menerima dukungan material dari anak-anak dan anak-anak merupakan sumber utama
pendapatan bagi lebih dari setengah, pola yang telah berubah sedikit lebih baru-baru ini. Anggota
keluarga , dan terutama anak-anak , adalah orang-orang utama yang memberikan bantuan kepada
orang tua yang membutuhkan bantuan dengan kegiatan dasar kehidupan sehari-hari. Meskipun
sering penggambaran di media massa tua tua yang ditinggalkan oleh anak-anak dewasa mereka ,
kasus seperti ini jarang terjadi secara populasi. Pada saat yang sama, proporsi orang tua yang ikut
tinggal dengan anak-anak memiliki terus menurun selama dua dekade terakhir dan persen yang
hidup sendiri atau hanya dengan pasangan mereka telah meningkat. Ukuran keluarga kecil untuk
masa depan yang lebih tua orang serta migrasi meningkatnya anak-anak mereka akan berdampak
ini tren. Akibatnya proporsi orang tua yang secara geografis terpisah dari semua anak-anak
dewasa mereka kemungkinan akan meningkat. Kecenderungan ini belum tentu mengancam
dukungan materi yang diberikan oleh anak-anak untuk orang tua usia yang lebih tua terbukti
dengan ketekunan dukungan tersebut meskipun perubahan dalam pengaturan hidup selama tahun
terakhir . Memang, harapan dukungan keuangan bagi orang tua lanjut usia anak-anak terus
secara luas dibagi bahkan di kalangan dewasa muda ( Knodel dan Chayovan 2008). Juga,
peningkatan luas di akses ke telepon , terutama ponsel , telah memberikan cara baru dan efektif
untuk orang tua lanjut usia dan anak-anak jauh untuk mempertahankan kontak sosial. Namun
tren masa depan mungkin dalam pengaturan hidup dan mengurangi ukuran keluarga
menimbulkan pertanyaan penting tentang bagaimana kebutuhan untuk jangka panjang perawatan
pribadi dari orang tua akan terpenuhi. Dapatkah kegunaan dari anggota keluarga, dan terutama
anak-anak , sebagai pengasuh utama dipertahankan.

Dari kesimpulan jurnal di atas maka saya menjadikannya referensi untuk judul penelitian :
“Hubungan Dukungan Dan Perawatan Keluarga Dengan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dan
Aktifitas Sehari-Hari Pada Lansia”

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JURNAL-JURNAL LAINNYA YANG BERSANGKUTAN
JURNAL 2
Perceived Family and Friend Support and the Psychological Well-Being of American and
Chinese Elderly Persons
John Poulin & Rong Deng & Travis Sky Ingersoll & Heather Witt & Melanie Swain
Published online: 19 August 2012
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

Abstract
This study examines two sources of informal support—perceived family and friend support—
and the psychological well-being—self-esteem, depression and loneliness —of 150 Chinese and
145 American elders. There were no significant differences between the elderly American and
Chinese persons’ mean scores on family and friend support. The multiple linear regression
analyses with interaction terms (country x family support and country x friend support),
however, indicated that the relationship between family support and depression and family
support and loneliness was stronger for the Chinese elderly than the US elderly. Conversely, the
relationship between friend support and depression and friend support and loneliness is stronger
for US elderly than Chinese elderly. The implications of these findings for social work practice
in both countries is discussed.
Keywords Informal support . Psychological well-being . Friend support . Family support . Self-
esteem . Loneliness . Depression Elder care has become a priority of the Chinese government
over the last several years (Zhan and Montgomery 2003). Concern about caring for the elderly in
China has increased dramatically as a result of the Chinese government’s recognition of the
staggering projected.

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JURNAL 3
Alternatives to Seclusion and Restraint in Psychiatry and in Long-Term Care Facilities for
the Elderly: Perspectives of Service Users and Family Members
Published online: 16 August 2013- Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in involving patients in decisions regarding healthcare
technologies. This research project was conducted in collaboration with
decision makers and health technology assessment agents in order to involve healthcare service
users (and their loved ones) in the assessment of alternatives to seclusion and restraint in short-
term psychiatric wards and long-term care facilities for the elderly.
Objective This paper explores the viewpoints and suggestions of service users and service users’
families about alternatives to restraint and seclusion, as well as conditions under which they
could be used among adults in short-term psychiatric care and residents in long-term care
facilities.
Methods Using a semi-structured guide, we held eight focus groups: five with mental health
service users and three with family members of elderly people in long-term care facilities. Focus
group discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and we performed
content analysis using NVivo 8 software. Results In both care environments, participants
emphasized the importance of communicating with service users, aswell as assessing their needs
and their particular situation, for reducing the use of restraint and seclusion. A better welcome
and accompaniment of people admitted for short-term psychiatric care emerged also as key
approaches to reduce the use of restraint and seclusion. Long-term care facilities could also
reduce the need for restraint and seclusion by creating a stimulating home environment and
individualized occupational therapy programs. Participants in both groups suggested that
caregivers other than healthcare staff could be more involved, especially peer-support workers in
the case of psychiatric care and volunteers in the case of long-term care facilities.
Conclusion Participants suggested that changes were needed at a broader andmore systemic level
than simply replacing current measures of restraint and seclusion with alternative techniques.
They favored an approach focused more on the person than on the techniques: they suggested
that listening to and communicating with the service user could reduce the use of restraint and
seclusion in both healthcare environments.

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JURNAL 4
The relationship between spirituality and depression in family caregivers of the elderly
Chappel, Mary Jean. Grand Valley State University, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing,
1996. 1379085.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spirituality and depression in
family caregivers of the elderly. This study sought to test the following hypothesis: The level of
spirituality will be negatively correlated with the level of depression for family caregivers of the
elderly. A descriptive, correlational design utilizing Neuman's wholistic system theory was used
with a convenience sample of 44 family caregivers aged between 32 and 88 years. Self-reporting
questionnaires were mailed to clients (identified as caregivers) of a home care agency, a
caregiver respite program, and a Parkinson's support group all providing services in Northern
Michigan. The Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) was utilized to measure spirituality, and the
short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was utilized to measure depression.
A Pearson correlation revealed no significant relationship existed between the total SPS scores
and the total GDS scores (r = $-$.106, df = 32, p $>$.05). Even though this study's results were
not statistically significant, the data indicated a trend toward a negative relationship between the
variables. Implications for nursing are discussed.

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JURNAL 5
Hope in the elderly: Exploring the relationship between psychosocial developmental
residual and hope
Curl, Eileen DegesView Profile. The University of Texas at Austin, ProQuest, UMI Dissertations
Publishing, 1992. 9225559.
Abstract
Hope has been postulated to be a motivational life force associated with psychosocial
developmental residual from early stages of life (Erikson, 1963). This study explored the
relationship between psychosocial developmental residual and hope, in order to test a mid-range
theoretical model of hope. The hope model was retroductively derived from Modeling and Role-
Modeling theory (Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 1988) and previous qualitative research (Dufault
& Martocchio, 1985). A correlational research design, with a qualitative component, was used to
test the model. For the quantitative part of the study, 90 elderly subjects were selected from two
community-based congregate housing units in a small, rural midwestern city. Twenty-two of
these subjects were also interviewed, with eight of the interviews purposively selected for the
qualitative component of the study. Psychosocial developmental residual was measured using the
Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory. The Nowotny Hope Scale was reconceptualized
to measure two types of hope: generalized and particularized; which together measured the
overall construct of hope. Empirical findings indicated that subjects' overall developmental
residual scores were significantly associated with their overall hope scores (r = 0.58, p =.00).
Hierarchical regression analysis (based on sequentially entering residual from the eight
developmental stages) found that 40% of the variance in subjects' overall hope scores was
predicted by the eight developmental variables, with 22% of the variance being accounted for by
residual from the first two developmental stages. Linear regression analysis discovered that trust-
mistrust residual significantly predicted generalized hope (r =.235, p =.03), and autonomy-shame
residual significantly predicted particularized hope (r =.567, p =.00).
Content analysis of the qualitative data delineated factors that promoted and diminished subjects'
hope during difficult times, and identified subjects' attitudes toward the future. Triangulation of
the findings indicated that the qualitative data supported the empirical results.
The findings provided evidence of support for the mid-range theoretical model of hope proposed
in the study, and have implications for nursing practice, education, and research.