CEP 2

SECTION B

CONDUCTED BY

SYED IMTIAZ ALI SHAH 2015436

SHAKIL AHMAD 2015416
RAFIQ ULLAH 2015378

1
 Table of Contents
Abstract......................................................................2
Introduction.................................................................. 3
Cogeneration................................................................. 4
Objective..................................................................... 6
Benifits...................................................................... 6
EES Code.................................................................... 7
Parametric table.............................................................. 9
Conclusion..................................................................13
 Abstract

Increasing the efficiency and decreasing the cost of production is always a challenge for industries.
The assigned project faces the same challenge to reduce the production cost. The report is aimed to
discover ways to make the industry independent in power sector and also provide the required steam
at the required temperature. A steam turbine with an advanced technique of cogeneration is used in
the proposed model. Due to this technique,, the industry will be able to meet its power demand as well
as its steam demand while at a less net cost. The first capital cost will be increased due to the
introduction of the turbine while the 30 MJ heat given in the problem will be regenerated during
power generation. An installed process heater will serve the purpose of providing 30 MJ of process
heat. The proposed model of the turbine will be able to provide 6 MW of power to the industry. On
the economic side, the system will be efficient. Apart from the initial cost, the net cost of getting
steam and power will reduce.
 Introduction

A textile industry based in Gadoon industrial state wants to bring changes in their current state of
operation. Currently, the industry is generating steam by providing 30 MJ of heat to water. The
industry is also getting 6 MW power from nearby Power Company to meet its needs. The industry is
planning to convert the current system and come up with a new system which should be able to
meet both of its demands. Compare to the current situation the proposed model is efficient in two
cases. First, it will be able to meet power requirement. Second, it will provide process heat for
producing the required steam. The technology we are introducing in this industry is called
cogeneration. Cogeneration is time proven technology for improving efficiency. In cogeneration, we
get two form of energies by utilizing one single form of energy. One outcome, of course, will be
heat and the other can be mechanical or electrical depending on the requirement. At low-pressure,
steam has a large quantity of heat which will be lost in condensing anyway. In cogeneration heat is
partially expanded in turbine and is given to process heater where heat is utilized to produce
required steam. The cogeneration is best suited for this industry as it can perform both functions of
providing steam and power.
 Cogeneration

Industries that use large amounts of process heat also consume a large amount of electric power.
Therefore, it makes economical as well as engineering sense to use the already-existing work
potential to produce power instead of letting it go to waste. The result is a plant that produces
electricity while meeting the process-heat requirements of certain industrial processes. Such a
plant is called a cogeneration plant. In general, cogeneration is the production of more than one
useful form of energy (such as process heat and electric power) from the same energy source.
Proposed plant block diagram is given below.
 Objective
1) Develop steam or gas cycles to achieve certain goal and solve a customer’s need.
2) Display all the correspondent analysis with all the limitations and advance of each
System.
3) Calculate the cycle stage by stage, and show the behaviour or changes of the steam or
gas while it passes by the cycle components.
4) Solve all the unknowns of the cycle.

Benefits
 Cogeneration is cost effective and high reliable solution.
 Cogeneration plant has a short delivery time because of highly predefined design of
both turbo set and package
 It has decreased power losses by utilizing the exhaust heat in process heating.
 Short on-site erection: turbine skid and gearbox / oil unit fully assembled in the
workshop before shipping to site
 Compact design - oil system fully integrated into the base frame
 Proven components: highly standardized, robust blading; reduction gears taken from
the existing range of world-class gear manufacturers
 Increased safety: no leaks towards hot pipes; oil and steam piping separated
 Easy maintenance with low maintenance costs
 EES CODE
T

· h[1] = ENTHALPY(Steam,T=T[1],P=P[1]) "Enthalpy of superheated steam"

T
· h[2] = ENTHALPY(Steam,T=T[2],P=P[2]) "Enthalpy of steam after doing
partial work"

· h[4] = ENTHALPY(Water,x=0,P=P[2]) "Enthalpy of water after doing

process heating"
T

· Po[1] = m[2]*(h[1] - h[2]) "First power from partial

expansion"
T
· He[1] =m[2]*(h[2] - h[4]) "Heat required for making steam"

· "Turbine total power"

· h[3] = ENTHALPY(Steam,P=P[3], x = .9) "Enthalpy of saturated water at the

outlet of turbine"

T · Po[2] = m[3]*(h[1] - h[3]) "Power in second expansion"

· Po[3] = Po[1] + Po[2] "Total power"

· V[1] = VOLUME(Water,P=P[2], x = 0) "Volume of water after process

heating"

· P[6] = P[1] -P[2] "Difference in peressure for partial

expansion

· portion"

· Pu[1] = m[2]*(P[6] * V[1]) "Power required for pump 1"

 · V[2] = VOLUME(Water,P=P[3], x =0) "Specific Volume of water at
condensor outlet"

· P[7] = P[2] -P[3]

· Pu[2] = m[3]*(V[2] * P[7]) "Power required for pump 2"

· Pn[1] = Po[3]-(Pu[1]+Pu[2]) "net power output"

· h[5] = ENTHALPY(Water,x=0,P=P[3]) "Enthalpy of water at

condensor outlet"

· "HEAT LOSS"

· Q[1] = m[3]*(h[3] -h[5]) "Heat loss in condensor"

· h[6] = ENTHALPY(Water,x=0,P=P[1]) "Enthalpy of water at boiler

inlet"

· Q[2] = m[1]*(h[1]-h[6]) "Heat transfer to boiler"

· m[2] = 30000/(h[2]-h[4]) "Mass flow rate into process

heater"

· m[3] =(6000- (m[2]*(h[1]-h[2])))/(h[2]-h[3]) "Mass flow rate at turbine outlet"

· m[1] = m[2]+m[3] "Total mass flow rate"

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1 1T111."11 1T111."11 h[5]).)T)))1))) TTTT)))1)1)1)1))
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1 1T111."11 1T111."11 Po[1]).)1)")T)1)"T)1))
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1 1T111."11 1T111."11 Pu[1]).)1)")1).)".)1))
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Parametric Table

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h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 ee1 m1 m2 m3 P1

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nTTT1 111.T 1 11T 1111T 11 )T .1T11T 11..T 11111T 11T1.T 1)T 1T 1T 11T )1).T
nTTT. 111 T 1 11T 1111T 11 1T .)T 1T 11.1T 11111T 11T. T 1)T11T 1T111T )111T
nTTT) 11)1T 1 .T 111.T 1111T )1T11T 1111T 11111T 11T)1T 1)T1.T 1T.1.T )111T
nTTT. 11.1T 111)T 1111T 111)T ))T1 T 1111T 11111T 11T1.T 1)T1 T 1T).1T )11)T
nTTT1 1111T 111.T 1111T 111 T ) T.1T 1111T 11111T 11T11T 1)T1)T 1T.11T )..1T
nTTT1 11 .T 1111T 1111T 1111T .1T1 T 1111T 11111T 11T 1)T1T 1T111T ))11T
nTTT 1111T 1111T 111.T 111.T .1T11T 11 1T 11111T 11T1.T 1)T..T 1T111T ).1)T
nTTT11 111)T 11.1T 111)T 111 T 11T11T 11 .T 11111T 11T.1T 1)T.1T 1T1..T ). 1T
nTTT11 111 T 11. T 1111T 1111T 1.T11T 1111T 11111T 11T)1T 1)T)1T 1T .1T )1. T
nTTT11 11).T 11)1T 111 T 111.T 11T)1T 111)T 11111T 11T1.T 1)T)1T 1T11)T )1..T
nTTT11 11.1T 11.1T 11 1T 1111T 11T..T 111 T 11111T 11T11T 1)T.1T 1T11.T ) 11T
nTTT1. 1111T 111.T 11 1T 1111T 11T.1T 1111T 11111T 11T1)T 1)T..T 1T.1.T .111T
nTTT1) 11 1T 111)T 11 1T 111.T 1.T.T 1111T 11111T 1.T T 1)T.T 1T)11T .111T
nTTT1. 1.11T 11 1T 11 )T 11.1T 1 T.T 1111T 11111T 1.T1.T 1)T1)T 1T.11T .1).T
nTTT11 1.1.T 1111T 11 .T 11.1T 1T11T 111.T 11111T 1.T.1T 1)T11T 1T1 T .111T
nTTT11 1..1T 1111T 11 1T 11..T .T11T 1111T 11111T 1.T.1T 1)T11T 1T1 1T .111T
nTTT1 1.))T 1111T 11 1T 11. T 1T11T 111)T 11111T 1.T11T 1)T11T 1T1 1T .11)T
nTTT11 1.. T 1111T 1111T 11)1T T11T 111 T 11111T 1.T11T 1)T11T 1T111T ...1T
nTTT11 1.1.T 1111T 1111T 11).T 111T1T 11.1T 11111T 1.T1)T 1)T1.T 1T 1)T .)11T
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nTTT11 T1)11T T11))T T1111T T11.1T T11.T1T T11)1T T11111T T1)T11T T1)T1.T T1T11 T T.. 1T
nTTT1. T1)11T T11.1T T111.T T11.)T T111T T T11))T T11111T T1)T..T T1)T11T T1T.11.T T.1. T
nTTT1) T1).1T T1111T T111)T T11.1T T111T T11) T T11111T T1)T)1T T1.T 1T T1T).T T.1..T
nTTT1. T1)).T T1111T T111.T T1111T T111T1T T11.1T T11111T T1)T11T T1.T 1T T1T.)1 T T. 11T
nTTT11 T1)11T T111 T T1111T T111)T T11)T1T T11.1T T11111T T1)T1.T T1.T1 T T1T1.1)T T1111T
nTTT11 T1)1)T T11 1T T1111T T1111T T111T1T T1111T T11111T T1)T11T T1.T1)T T1T1111T T1111T
nTTT1 T1.11T T1111T T111 T T1111T T11 T T111)T T11111T T1)T11T T1.T11T T1T111.T T11).T
nTTT11 T1.1.T T111)T T1111T T111.T T111T T T111 T T11111T T1.T1 T T1.T11T T1T1111T T1111T
nTTT11 T1.1 T T111.T T1111T T1111T T111T1T T1111T T11111T T1.T11T T1.T11T T1T1.1.1T T1111T
nTTT11 T1...T T1111T T1111T T11 1T T11.T)T T111.T T11111T T1.T.)T T1.T.1T T"1T11..1T T111)T
nTTT11 T1.)1T T11.1T T1111T T11 1T T11.T1T T11 1T T11111T T1.T)1T T1.T..T T"1T1111T T1..1T
nTTT1. T1.11T T11)1T T111.T T11 .T T111T T11 .T T11111T T1.T.1T T1.T.T T"1T1111T T1)11T
nTTT1) T1.11T T11) T T111.T T11 T T11 T1T T11 1T T11111T T1.T1T T1.T).T T"1T1.1.T T1.1)T
nTTT1. T1111T T11.1T T111)T T1111T T111T.T T1111T T11111T T1.T1 T T1.T)1T T"1T1111T T1. 1T
nTTT11 T1111T T111.T T111.T T111)T T111T T111)T T11111T T1.T11T T1.T.1T T"1T.1.1T T11. T
nTTT11 T1111T T111)T T1111T T1111T T11.T.T T111 T T11111T T11T 1T T1.T..T T"1T.1..T T11..T
nTTT1 T11.1T T11 1T T1111T T1111T T11.T1T T1111T T11111T T11T1.T T1.T.T T"1T).11T T1 11T
nTTT.1 T11.1T T1111T T1111T T1111T T111T1T T1111T T11111T T11T1)T T1.T1.T T"1T.1T T1111T

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nTTT1 T.1)1T T1T111T T111.T T.1)1T T.11.T T11)1T T1111T T.11 T T11T))T T11T.1T T.1.1T T1 1. T
nTTT1 T.111T T1T11)T T11)1T T.111T T.. 1T T1 1.T T11 .T T.111T T11T11T T11T11T T.)11T T111..T
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nTTT) T.11)T T1T.1T T1111T T.11.T T..))T T.11.T T1.1.T T..11T T11T T T11T1)T T) . T T11)1)T
nTTT. T.1).T T1T)11T T1111T T.1))T T..1.T T.1.1T T1)11T T... T T11T.1T T11T1)T T)..1T T11111T
nTTT1 T.111T T1T.1)T T11).T T.11.T T..1.T T.111T T1.11T T..)1T T11T )T T11T..T T)111T T111)1T
nTTT1 T.1) T T1T111T T111 T T.1)1T T.) .T T.1 )T T111)T T..1 T T11T.1T T11T1.T T)11)T T11 11T
nTTT T..11T T1T111T T111)T T..11T T.)1)T T.1.1T T11.1T T..1 T T11T T T T.11T T.11)T T1111 T
nTTT11 T...1T T1T 11T T1111T T...1T T.))1T T...1T T11..T T.)11T T1.T11T T T11)T T.)11T T11..1T
nTTT11 T.)11T T1T11.T T11).T T.)11T T.)11T T.)1)T T11)1T T.).)T T1.T1.T T1T1T T.111T T11.1)T
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nTTT1. T...1T T1T111T T1111T T....T T...1T T.11.T T11.1T T.. )T T1.T1)T T1T).1T T1).)T T1. .T
nTTT1) T.111T T1T.1.T T11) T T.11.T T..11T T.111T T1..1T T..11T T1.T11T T1T111T T111.T T1.111T
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nTTT11 T.111T T1T1..T T1.1.T T.1. T T.1.1T T)11.T T11. T T.1 .T T11T1T T)T1..T T1.11T T1.11)T
nTTT1 T. 11T T1T1..T T1..1T T. 11T T.11.T T)1 1T T1111T T.1.1T T11T).T T)T.11T T1.11T T1.11 T
nTTT11 T. 1.T T1T . T T1.11T T. 11T T.111T T)111T T1111T T.1.1T T1 T11T T.T 11T T1111T T1.1 )T
nTTT11 T)11.T T1T1)1T T1)11T T)111T T.11 T T)1.1T T1111T T.111T T1 T.1T T.T))1T T1 1T T1) )1T
nTTT11 T)111T T1T1).T T1)11T T)11.T T.1)1T T)11)T T 11T1T T.11.T T1 T 1T T.T111T T1111T T1)11.T
nTTT11 T)111T T1T1).T T1)..T T)11)T T.111T T)111T T1. T.T T.1)1T T11T1 T T1T. .T T1)1 T T1).1.T
nTTT1. T)11 T T1T1) T T1) 1T T)11.T T.1 .T T)..1T T1.1T1T T.11 T T11T1.T T1T1.)T T1111T T1)).1T
nTTT1) T)111T T1T..1T T1.1)T T)111T T.1.)T T))11T T..1T.T T.1 T T11T1 T T1T111T T111)T T1).11T
nTTT1. T)111T T1T)..T T1..1T T)111T T.11.T T).1.T T)..T1T T.111T T11T1.T T1T1 T T 1T1T T1)11.T
nTTT11 T)111T T1T..1T T1..1T T)111T T.11.T T).1.T T...T1T T.1.1T T11T1 T T1T ..T T11)T1T T1)1.1T
nTTT11 T)11)T T1T1. T T1. 1T T)111T T.11.T T)1.1T T1.1T1T T.111T T11T..T T1T)11T T.11T.T T1)111T
nTTT1 T).1.T T1T111T T1111T T).11T T.1.)T T)11 T T1.1T T.11 T T11T11T T1T1 1T T..1T1T T1.1 .T
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nTTT11 T).11T T1T 1.T T11..T T).11T T.11.T T)1 1T T1)1T.T T.1.1T T11T)1T T1T....T T1..T1T T1.111T
nTTT11 T))11T T.T111T T11. T T))1.T T) 11T T) .1T T).T)1T T.111T T11T 1T T1T1111T T 1T.T T1... T
nTTT11 T)) 1T T.T11 T T11 )T T))1.T T) )1T T.11.T T".1T. T T) 1)T T1.T.1T T"1T11.1T T"1 T.1T T1.)11T
nTTT11 T)..1T T.T111T T1111T T).11T T) 1 T T.11)T T"1)1T1T T) )1T T1.T1)T T"1T.11.T T"1..T.T T1..11T
nTTT1. T). 1T T.T11)T T11..T T).11T T)11.T T.11.T T"1))T1T T) 11T T1)T1 T T"1T111T T".11T.T T1.1 1T
nTTT1) T)1..T T.T.11T T1111T T)11 T T)1).T T.1.1T T"1) T T)111T T1)T11T T"1T)11T T")11T1T T1.111T
nTTT1. T)1 )T T.T) T T11 1T T)1 1T T)111T T.111T T"..1T T T)1))T T1.T1.T T"1T .1T T"111T1T T1.1.)T
nTTT11 T)1..T T.T. 1T T1 11T T)1.1T T)111T T.11 T T").1T T)111T T1.T.T T"1T11.T T"111T.T T11 )1T
nTTT11 T)1 1T T.T1 )T T1 . T T)1 1T T)1).T T..) T T".11T1T T)111T T11T11T T"1T11T T"111)T T111.1T
nTTT1 T) . T T.T1 1T T1 1.T T) ..T T)111T T.)11T T"11)T1T T)1).T T11T..T T"1T1.1T T"111.T T11111T
nTTT.1 T.111T T)T T1111T T) )T T).1)T T..11T T"111T.T T)111T T11T1 T T"1T.11T T"1111T T11.1.T

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nTTT1 T.11T T111T T1T1111)1T T1T1111111T

nTTT1 T.1.T.T T111T1T T1T1111).T T1T1111111T
nTTT1 T.11T1T T111T1T T1T1111).T T1T111T
nTTT. T.1 T1T T111T)T T1T1111)1T T1T111T
nTTT) T.1)T.T T11)T.T T1T1111) T T1T111111T
nTTT. T.11T1T T11 T1T T1T1111.1T T1T111111T
nTTT1 T.11T)T T111T1T T1T1111.1T T1T111111T
nTTT1 T...T T T11.T T T1T1111.)T T1T111111T
nTTT T.)1T1T T111T1T T1T1111..T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T.)1T1T T11.T.T T1T1111.1T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T...T1T T111T)T T1T11111T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T.11T)T T1.1T1T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T.1.T T T1..T1T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT1. T.11T1T T1)1T T1T11111)T T1T111111T
nTTT1) T.1 T1T T1)1T1T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT1. T. .T1T T1)1T1T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T)11T.T T1.1T)T T1T11111T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T)1 T T1.)T.T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT1 T)1)T.T T1. T1T T1T11111.T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T)11T1T T111T1T T1T11111)T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T)11T1T T11.T T T1T111111T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T)1.T.T T111T1T T1T11111 T T1T111111T
nTTT11 T).1T T11.T.T T1T1111 T T1T111111T
nTTT1. T).1T.T T111T)T T1T1111 1T T1T111111T
nTTT1) T))1T1T T1 1T1T T1T1111 .T T1T111111T
nTTT1. T).1T1T T1 .T1T T1T1111 )T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T)..T1T T.11T T1T1111 1T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T)11T1T T.11T1T T1T1111 T T1T11111.T
nTTT1 T)1 T)T T.11T1T T1T111111T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T)1)T T T.11T)T T1T111111T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T) 1T1T T.1)T.T T1T11111.T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T) 1T1T T.1 T1T T1T11111.T T1T11111.T
nTTT11 T.1)T1T T.11T1T T1T111111T T1T11111.T
nTTT1. T.11T)T T.1.T T T1T11111 T T1T11111)T
nTTT1) T.11T T T.11T1T T1T111111T T1T11111)T
nTTT1. T.1.T.T T.1.T.T T1T111111T T1T11111)T
nTTT11 T.11T1T T.11T)T T1T11111.T T1T11111)T
Peeeme1ei1eeeeee1eeeeeee1
e1 e2 V1 V2
).11TT) ).11TT)

nTTT11 T.11T1T T..1T1T T1T11111.T T1T11111)T

nTTT1 T..1T.T T...T1T T1T111111T T1T11111)T
nTTT.1 T.)1T T.)1T T1T11111 T T1T11111)T

Water
700

600

500

400
T [°C]

300
7000 kPa
5000 kPa
200

100

0 0.2 0.43.1 kPa

0.6 0.8
-2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5

s [kJ/kg-K]

Water
105

104

103
P [kPa]

102 500°C
400°C

101
25°C
100 0.050.1 0.2 0.5

10-1
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103

v [m3/kg]
 Conclusion
In this project we are asked to upgrade the current status of a textile plant. Currently the textile
industry is buying electricity from other power providers which is 6 MW. The textile industry
is using some fossil fuels to get 30 MJ/sec of heat to generate steam at 130-140 C. To make the
industry independent of both of these a steam turbine with cogeneration technology is
proposed. This cogeneration steam turbine is modeled in EES to get different input and output
conditions for the same two requirements (30 MJ/sec heat and 6MW power).
Upon analyzing critically economically the following condition is choose for the turbine
following which will meet the industry need in efficient way.
 Inlet pressure = 7000 kpa
 Inlet temperature = 566.7 C
 Temperature after partial expansion = 400 C
 Pressure after partial expansion = 5333 kpa
 Pressure at the turbine exit = 3.667 kpa
 Total flow rate = 15.26 kg/sec
These are the critical values for setting up a steam turbine. These values give us the net power
output of 6106 MW and 30 MJ/sec of heat for making steam. The remaining values can be
found in the table above in row 27.