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Pollution Before I Moved to Delhi from Minneapolis
Written by A mrit Sharma , Founder, A irAirAir.org
1. Air pollution causes close to 7 million premature deaths every year. That’s nearly 28,000
deaths every single day. The WHO calls it a “greater threat than Ebola and HIV.”
Source: h
ttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/06/pollutionnowgreaterthreatebolahivworldhealthorganisation/
2. In Africa, more children die from air pollution than malnutrition or dirty water. Who would have
thought?
Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/globaldevelopment/2016/oct/20/airpollutiondeadlierafricathandirtywaterormalnutritionoecd
3. The sun is elusive during the winter months in Delhi, India. People will call it fog, but it’s not
really. That's smog. It’s a deadly “gas chamber” that traps all particles both gases and solid in
Delhi’s air. The health effects of this hazardous air pollution can not be overstated.
Source: h
ttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/08/world/asia/indiadelhismog.html
4. It’s not just a Delhi or India problem. Despite relatively clean air, air pollution causes 200,000
premature deaths in America every year. That is alarming. Can you imagine any factor that
causes as many deaths as dirty air in America?
Source: h
ttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/08/world/asia/indiadelhismog.html
5. Unfortunately air quality data isn't as simple as conveying weather data. It's far more
nuanced, tricky and complicated. We understand Celsius and Fahrenheit, but what on earth is
“micrograms per meter cubed” and “parts per million”. How do I figure out what those numbers
should be?
7. Don’t get me started on Air Quality Index (AQI). The AQI is a strange number designed by
people who have spent too much thinking about the science, but not nearly enough what the
number actually means to a layman who comes across it. The Air Quality Index numbers were
designed to translate air quality data into something that wasn’t just a simple number, but a
number that would convey what air quality means to people’s health. Unfortunately, it fails at it.
Source: h
ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_index
8. Health effects of air pollution are staggering. Cardiovascular heart attacks and strokes are
most common!
Source: h
ttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/
9. Infants/children are most vulnerable to air pollution because their bodies are more susceptible
to … pretty much everything. Even low levels of air pollution can have a lasting impact on their
lives.
Source: h
ttp://blog.iiasa.ac.at/2017/07/12/livingtoagefivereducingdeadlyindoorairpollutionindevelopingcountries/
10. Children up to 18 years of age are especially vulnerable to air pollution, because they spend
a lot more time outdoors whether at school or around their home. Any strenuous activity that
causes you to breathe more, leads to more pollutants in your body, and directly exacerbates the
health effects. Again, the list of specific health effects is very long. But in children in particular,
air pollution is known to results in lower IQ.
Source: h
ttp://nypost.com/2015/05/26/newyorkspollutionandpovertyarekillingkidsiqstudy/
11. Pregnant women are also among the most vulnerable to air pollution.
Source: h
ttp://www.futurity.org/airpollutionprematurebirths1150022/
12. And unfortunately, air pollution is unhealthy for the fetus too.
Source: h
ttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/urbanairpollutantscandamageiqsbeforebabysfirstbreath/
13. People who work outdoors are obviously exposed to more air pollution than people who
work indoors. Construction workers, drivers, traffic police, street vendors, farmers, and even
people who work close to major roads. Just because two people live and work in the same city
or even the same neighborhood doesn’t mean that their exposure to air pollution is the same.
14. Commute is killing you. Stuck in traffic. Don't idle there folks. Shut 'er down for a bit there.
Especially when the traffic light is red and you’re at a standstill. Also, if you’re waiting to pick
someone up at a school, the local market or anywhere turn off the engine. Also, commuting by
the subway doesn’t exempt you from exposure to air pollution either.
Source: h
ttps://www.citylab.com/transportation/2017/02/londonundergroundairpollutioncarcommutehealth/516948/
15. You need to be concerned about sources of pollution around your neighborhood and city.
But that may be enough. Wind carries pollutants far and wide. If you live by the ocean, it's quite
likely that the ocean breeze works in your favor and blows the pollutants further inland. But if
you're unlucky and you live in an area where pollutants of the entire region come fly into your air
space and linger there, then combating air pollution becomes much more challenging.
Source: h
ttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD//view.php?id=89052
16. PM2.5 is deadly. These tiny particles in the air are invisible. They are almost 30 times
smaller than a strand of hair on your head. That's real small. In fact, what makes it so deadly is
that your natural defenses have no chance of working effectively at all. These tiny particles fly
straight through your nose and lodge themselves deep into your lungs. But they don't stop there.
They seep into your bloodstream and travel throughout your body. Yes, that can't be good.
Doctors have found that some of these tiny particles decide your brain is a good place to finally
settle down. Yes, the fine particles (PM2.5) you breathe in end up in your brain. They seem to
like brains even more than zombies. What's up with that?
Source: h
ttp://www.cnn.com/2016/09/06/health/airpollutioninsidethebrain/index.html
17. Size matters Don't let anyone tell you any different. PM2.5 particles are really tiny, while
PM10 are slightly bigger. Your nose and lungs are more effective at catching them.
Source: h
ttps://www.quora.com/WhatisthedifferencebetweenPM25andPM10withrespecttotheatmosphericpollutants
18. Which city has the worse pollution? Meh. I know it's tempting to compare cities to one
another, but that's not actually the right question to ask. "But why?" I can hear you saying. Well,
that's coz just because whether Delhi, Beijing, Kampala or Santiago have the worst air quality
today or not doesn't really affect you and most of the world. It's doesn't help you much. A better
question is "how many cities have air quality that's unhealthy or worse…. and how's the air
quality in my city right now?" Did you know that 92% of people on earth breathe air that does not
meet the WHO’s guideline for clean air?
19. Hyperlocal the air quality around your house may be different from the store down the
street. Recently a team placed air quality monitors on top of Google street cars to map out the
air quality in Oakland. Their experiment resulted in the most high resolution air quality map ever
created. A key lesson was that air quality levels not only vary across any city, but also within the
same block.
Source: h
ttp://mashable.com/2017/06/05/googlestreetviewairpollutionoakland/
20. Air quality levels fluctuates from hour to hour remember wind? traffic patterns?
Source: h
ttp://www.researchpipeline.com/wordpress/2014/05/29/thebesttimeofdayforyourlungstoexercise/
21. No magic bullet. No one solution will fit all cities. Cars may or may not be the major source
of air pollution in your city. I know it’s tempting to blame cars right away (and it may turn out to
be the #1 culprit), but we need to know whether it really is a major source of air pollution in your
city. Try to find your city’s emissions inventory and source apportionment reports. That report will
contain details about all the different sources of air pollution in your city and that will empower
you to make educated decisions about how to reduce your exposure to air pollution and how to
take steps in lowering.
22. Biking. If the air quality levels in your city are unhealthy, should you bike instead? Sure, if
you’re biking instead of driving, you’re not contributing emissions and pollutants into the air. But,
you’re likely increasing your personal exposure to air pollution. If you’re biking, you’re going to
be breathing more air into your lungs, and since the air is unhealthy, that means more pollutants
are making their way into your body.
23. Climate change and air pollution issues aren’t mutually exclusive. As a quick example:
Climate change = More extreme weather = More forest fires = More smoke (air pollution). The
Pacific Northwest experienced that this summer (August 2017). Cities like Kamloops, Vancouver
and Seattle were blanked by ash from the wildfires across British Columbia.
Source: h
ttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=90563