How does solar eclipse occur?

Solar eclipse occur when the new moon passing between the earth and the sun. For a few
brief moment, the moon’s shadow blocks the sunlight from reaching the earth. If the Moon's
shadow happens to fall upon Earth's surface at that time, we see some portion of the Sun
covered by the moon or later the sun has gone dark.

Since the moon is very small in front of the sun, it only

block a part of it. And sollar eclipse can’t be seen from
every part of the earth, but only from the location where
the moon shadow falls.

In addition, this location changes during the course of the eclipse, because the Moon and
Earth are in constant motion: Earth continuously rotates around its axis while it orbits the
Sun, and The Moon orbits the Earth. That is why solar eclipses seem to travel from one place
to another, so it cause the different types of solar eclipse.

There are 3 major part during the solar eclipse :

Umbra : Dark inner shadow. It is the dark center of

the moon’s shadow. Umbra gets smaller as it
reaches Earth. Umbra is the portion of the moon
shadow, when the moon completely cover the
sun. This is when total solar eclipse occur, where
you can’t see the sun at all.

Antumbra : Is the area beyond the umbra. Here

the moon is completely in front of the sun, but
doesn’t cover the entire sun. The outline of the
sun can be seen around the moon shadow. The
outline is called corona, a super heated plasma
two million degrees in temperature. That’s when
you see annular solar eclipse.
Penumbra : Faint outer shadow. Is the area of the shadow where only the portion of the moon
in front of the sun. This is when the partial solar eclipse. The penumbra gets larger as it
reaches Earth.

Solar eclipse can only occur at New Moon when the Moon passes between Earth and
the sun. Since New Moon occurs every 29 1/2 days, you might think that we should have a
solar eclipse about once a month.

Unfortunately, this doesn't happen because the Moon's orbit around Earth is tilted 5
degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a result, the Moon's shadow usually misses Earth
as it passes above or below our planet at New Moon. At least twice a year, the geometry lines
up right so that some part of the Moon's shadow falls on Earth's surface and solar eclipse may
occur and can be seen from that region. Normally, Solar eclipses happen once every 18
months. Unlike lunar eclipses, solar eclipses only last for a few minutes, for 7 – 10 minutes.

Solar Eclipse Effect

1. Gravitational Effect
Using Newton’s Law of Gravity, we can calculate the force of the sun, moon and Earth. And
the result, if you are on the same line defined by the centers of Earth, the sun and moon,
Earth’s crust actually bulges upwards by about 40 millimeters across a thousand-kilometer
area on Earth’s surface. So as you watch the total solar eclipse, feel free to imagine that
you are standing on the ground 40 millimeters closer to the sun and it would be several
hours later.
2. Human
There is no evidence that eclipses have any physical effect on humans. However, eclipses
have always been capable of profound psychological effects. For millennia, solar eclipses
have stimulated human responses to sacrifices and feelings of awe and bewilderment.
3. Animal
There is no serious effect on animals during solar eclipse. It just changes their
behaviour for a while. If the disappearance of sun means evening, so the return of sun
means morning. Many wild or unwild animals have been known to treat a total solar eclipse
like an abrupt midday night. For example the birds in the jungle. When total solar eclipse
comes, many song birds retire to wherever the normally sleep, like perform their serenade
and then quiet down for the night or sleeping. When the eclipse ends a few minutes later,
they interpret it as morning and respond it with a dawn chorus.
While for unwild animals such us our pets, based on researches, actually they are feel
confused and maybe frightened too, like when they knowing firework, automatically some
of them are panic and run away. So, we are as the owner should protect their eyes from
damaged, even blindness. We can save them by stay placing them inside and if they are on
outside, we can wearing them a designed eyeglasses to reduce the bad effects caused by
solar radiation.