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Erkens Company uses a job-costing system with normal costing and applies factory overhead on the basis of machine hours.
At the beginning of the year, management estimated that the company would incur $1,980,000 of factory overhead costs and
Erkens Company recorded the following events during the month of april:
Required
1. Compute Erkens Company's predetermined overhead rate for the year.
2. Prepare journal entries for April.
3. Compute for overhead variance and close into COGS in April 30.
e basis of machine hours.
factory overhead costs and use 66,000 machine hours.
Answers:
1. Predetermined overhead rate: (1,980,000/66,000) 30
l cost of Job A?
l factory overhead applied during September?
rapplied or underapplied overhead for September?
31,200
65,000
35,700
27,300 128,000
159,200
applied in September.
7,700
6.5
- September 50,050
50,050
46,000
ead - September 4,050
Application of Overhead
Whitley Construction Company is in the home remodeling business. Whitley has three teams of highly skilled employees, each
is led by an experienced employee who coordinates the work done on each job. As the needs of different jobs change, some t
determine job costs and to serve as a basis for bidding and pricing the jobs. Direct materials and direct labor are easily traced
construction equipment, some supervisory labor, the cost of bidding for new customers, and administrative costs. Whitley use
clients: Harrison, Barnes, and Tyler. The cost data for each of the three jobs are summarized below.
Budgeted Data
Direct materials 450,000
Direct labor costs 600,000
Direct labor hours 22,500
Total overhead 495,000
Overhead Rate 22
Required:
1. Calculate the total cost of each of the three jobs.
2. Suppose that for the entire year, Whitley used 23,800 labor hours and total actual overhead was $525,000.
What is the amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead?
3. Whitley’s business is very seasonal, with summer being the period of high activity and winter the low
period. How would seasonality potentially affect the job costing at the company?
4. What are some of the potential sustainability issues for Whitley?
5. Whitley has chosen direct labor hours as the cost-driver base for applying overhead. What are some
alternative cost drivers, and how would you choose among them?
hree teams of highly skilled employees, each of whom has multiple skills involving carpentry, painting, and other home remodeling activitie
the needs of different jobs change, some team members may be shifted to other teams for short periods of time. Whitley uses a job cos
ct materials and direct labor are easily traced to each job, using Whitley’s cost tracking software. Overhead consists of the purchase and ma
omers, and administrative costs. Whitley uses an annual overhead rate based on direct labor hours. Whitley has recently completed work fo
mmarized below.
X
Answers:
1. Determine total cost for each job.
Harrison Barnes Tyler
Direct Materials 6,753 13,229 42,338
Direct Labor 15,367 22,184 49,654
Overhead 990 1,936 2,926
Total Cost 23,110 37,349 94,918
2. Overhead Variance
Applied overhead (23,800 x 22) 523,600
Actual overhead 525,000
Underapplied overhead - 1,400
your overhead.
Application of Overhead
Progressive Painting Company (PPC) is a successful company in commercial and residential painting.
PPC has a variety of jobs: new construction, repair and repainting existing structures, and restoration of very old buildings and
The company is known for the quality and reliability of its work, and customers expect to pay a little more for those benefits.
One of the company’s core values is sustainability, and it insists on using the most environmentally friendly paints and material
it has refused jobs where the client required a more environmentally harmful paint than PPC thought was appropriate for the a
The company’s commitment to sustainability has lost PPC some jobs, but it has also attracted a loyal and growing customer bas
The company uses job costing and applies overhead on the basis of direct labor hours.
Overhead for the company consists of painting equipment, trucks, supervisory labor, supplies, and administrative operation co
The total budgeted costs for the year are shown below.
Budgeted Data
Direct materials 2,900,000 Material Labor
Gallons of paint 20,000 145 158.33 20.36
Direct labor dollars 750,000 121.05 20.70
Direct labor hours 33,500 22.39
Total overhead 360,125
Overhead Rate 10.75
Required:
1. Determine the total cost of each job.
2. The Prevette job required oil-based paint and the cleanup after the job required the use of chemicals
that, after use, had to be disposed of in an environmentally appropriate way. In contrast, the Harmon
job required water-based paint and the job cleanup was very quick and simple and involved no harmful
chemicals. Does the job costing in part 1 of this question capture the difference between the two jobs in
regard to the types of paint used? Do you think the costing system should capture this difference, if any,
and if so, how do you think the costing system should be changed?
tion of very old buildings and homes.
ttle more for those benefits.
ly friendly paints and materials in its work;
ught was appropriate for the application.
oyal and growing customer base.
Answers:
1. Determine total cost for each job.
Prevette Harmon
Direct Materials 3,800.0 4,600.0
Direct Labor 855.0 1,366.0
Overhead 451.5 709.5
Total Cost 5,106.5 6,675.5
2. For discussion
Yes, cleanup cost must be accounted for.
Plantwide vs. Departmental Overhead Rate
Ryan Corporation manufactures auto steering systems.
Cost estimates for one unit of the product for the year follow:
A B
Direct Materials 200
Direct Labor ($12/hr) 300 180 120
Machine Hours 20 5 15
Direct Labor hours 25 15 10
This product requires 15 hours of direct labor in Department A and 10 hours in Department B. Also,
it requires 5 machine hours in Department A and 15 machine hours in Department B. The factory
overhead costs estimated in these two departments follow:
A B Total
Variable Cost 150,000 80,000 230,000
Fixed Cost 94,000 163,000 257,000
Total 244,000 243,000 487,000
Management expects the firm to produce 1,000 units during the year.
Required
1. Assume that factory overhead was applied on the basis of direct labor hours. Compute the predetermined
plantwide factory overhead rate.
2. If factory overhead were applied on the basis of machine hours, what would be the plantwide overhead rate?
Notes:
You will create an entry only for the abnormal spoilage because the cost of 2.5% normal spoilage is
already imputed in the budgeted/applied overhead. This abnormal spoilage will be a reduction to your WIP.
We create an inventory of spoiled units for the 4100 units that can still be sold at $7 each.
Answers:
1. Plantwide factory overhead rate - direct labor
Budgeted annual 487,000
Budgeted annual 25,000
Plantwide FOH r 19.48
3. Departmental overhead
Direct labor hou A
Budgeted DL hou 15,000
Budgeted overhe 19.48
Departmental OH 292,200
Machine hours A
Budgeted machin 5,000
Budgeted overhe 24.35
Departmental OH 121,750
f direct labor hours. Compute the predetermined
4. For discussion
hours, what would be the plantwide overhead rate?
A
ause the cost of 2.5% normal spoilage is Variable Cost 150,000
bnormal spoilage will be a reduction to your WIP. Fixed Cost 94,000
hat can still be sold at $7 each. Total 244,000
Budgeted direct 15,000
Budgeted machine hours
Departmental OH 16.27
overhead rate - direct labor
The company’s actual costs incurred during the year are as follows:
#REF!
3a. Normal input required to yield 117,000 good units.
Direct labor
Required yield 117,000 T133
Divide by: 97.5% 8,000
Required input 120,000 34,000
Cost per unit 57 68,000
Required input in costs +R[-2]C*R[-1]C 110,000
T136
3b. Journal entry 1,000
Inventory of spoiled units
#VALUE! -
+RC[-2]*RC[-1 1,000
This is for spoilage lang - nalito na me. Hahaha
Applied OH
20,000
36,000
68,000
32,000
-
156,000
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
spoilage in excess of normal spoilage rate of 2.5%
+R[-1]C*(3000/5000)
+R[-2]C*(2000/5000)
Total
1,000
-
-
1,000
Application of Overhead
The following information applies to the O’Donnell Company for March production. There are only two jobs (X and Y) in produc
a. Purchased direct materials and indirect materials with the following summary of receiving reports:
Material A 16,000
Material B 12,000
Indirect Materials 3,000
Total 31,000
b. Issued direct materials and indirect materials with this summary of requisitions:
d. Factory utilities, factory depreciation, and factory insurance incurred is summarized as follows:
Notes:
You will create an entry only for the abnormal spoilage because the cost of 2.5% normal spoilage is
already imputed in the budgeted/applied overhead. This abnormal spoilage will be a reduction to your WIP.
We create an inventory of spoiled units for the 4100 units that can still be sold at $7 each.
Job X incurred 1,100 machine hours; Job Y used 800 machine hours.
Total #VALUE!
f. Job X was completed; Job Y was still in process at the end of March.
The company closed the overapplied or underapplied overhead to the Cost of Goods Sold account at the end of
o jobs (X and Y) in production in March.
Units Cost/unit
Units transferred out 122,000 -
Good units 117,000 -
Spoiled 5,000 -
Normal spoilage = 2.5% +R[14]C*0.025 57
Abnormal spoilage #VALUE! 57
Recoverable amount
Normal
Abnormal
Direct materials
Direct labor
Applied overhead
Total
Total Cost
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
+RC[-2]*RC[-1]
4100*7
#VALUE!
+R[-1]C*(3000/5000)
+R[-2]C*(2000/5000)
Indirect materials
Indirect labor
Depreciation
Insurance
Total Actual OH
RC[-2]*RC[-1]
Job X Job Y
11,000 24,000
22,000 15,000
#VALUE! 36,800
#VALUE! 75,800
#VALUE! --> Total manufacturing cost
46
50,600
39,000
28,000
18,000
2,500
87,500
Application of Overhead
The following information is for Punta Company for July:
a. Applied factory overhead costs to jobs at the predetermined rate of $42.50 per labor hour. Job S incurred 6,175 labor hours;
b. Shipped Job S to customers during July. Job S had a gross margin of 24% based on manufacturing cost.
c. Job T was still in process at the end of July.
d. Closed the overapplied or underapplied overhead to the Cost of Goods Sold account at the end of July.
e. Factory utilities, factory depreciation, and factory insurance incurred are summarized as follows:
Utilities 14,250
Depreciation 45,000
Insurance 18,000
Total 77,250
g. Factory labor incurred for the two jobs and indirect labor are as follows:
Answers:
211,000
133,000
14,250
45,000
18,000
421,250
Spoilage, Rework, and Scrap (appendix)
Richport Company manufactures products that often require specification changes or modifications to meet customer needs. C
Although the specification changes and modifications are commonplace, Richport has been able to establish a normal spoilag
The company recognizes normal spoilage during the budgeting process and classifies it as a component of factory overhead.
Thus, the predetermined overhead rate used to apply factory overhead costs to jobs includes an allowance for net spoilage cos
If spoilage on a job exceeds the normal rate, it is considered abnormal and then must be analyzed and the cause of the spoilag
Randa Duncan, one of Richport’s inspection managers, has been reviewing the output of Job N1192-122 that was recently com
A total of 122,000 units had been started for the job, and 5,000 units were rejected at final inspection, meaning that the job yi
Randa noted that 900 of the first units produced were rejected due to a very unusual design defect that was corrected immedi
Randa was unable to identify a pattern for the remaining 4,100 rejected units. They can be sold at a salvage value of $7 per un
Although the job is completed, all of these costs are still in the Work-in-Process Inventory account (i.e., the cost of the complet
Required
1. Explain the distinction between normal and abnormal spoilage.
2. Distinguish between spoiled units, rework units, and scrap.
3. Review the results and costs for Job N1192-122.
a. Prepare an analysis separating the spoiled units into normal and abnormal spoilage by first determining
the normal input required to yield 117,000 good units.
b. Prepare the appropriate journal entries to account for Job N1192-122.
Notes:
You will create an entry only for the abnormal spoilage because the cost of 2.5% normal spoilage is
already imputed in the budgeted/applied overhead. This abnormal spoilage will be a reduction to your WIP.
We create an inventory of spoiled units for the 4100 units that can still be sold at $7 each.
tions to meet customer needs. Consequently, Richport employs a job costing system for its operations.
ble to establish a normal spoilage rate of 2.5% of good units produced (before spoilage).
mponent of factory overhead.
n allowance for net spoilage cost for normal spoilage.
zed and the cause of the spoilage must be submitted to management.
Composed of
122000 5000
117000 97.50% 120000
Normal
Abnormal
spoilage in excess of normal spoilage rate of 2.5%
Cost
171,000
114,000
Total 285,000
Less: Spoil 28,700
256,300