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REPORT No.5
POWER SUPPLIES
Abstract— which the following components are used: 1.- Input trans-
In this work, it is intended to know the types of power former; 2.- Rectifier to diodes; 3.- Filter for curling; 4.- Linear
supplies, half wave types, full wave, bridge type connection, regulator (or stabilizer). The latter is not essential.
among other things, learn to design our own source with the
features we need.
Index Terms—Power supplies, half wave, full wave, bridge type
connection.
I. OBJECTIVES
• Understand the fundamental concepts of stabilized and
adjustable power supplies. Fig. 1. Voltage regulator circuit with Zener diode.
• Visualize the waveform of the output voltage of a bridge-
like full-wave rectifier circuit.
• Visualize the waveform of the bridge type rectifier circuit B. Input transformer:
with different capacitive filters with charge and without The input transformer reduces the mains voltage (usually
load. 220 or 120 V) to another more suitable voltage to be treated.
It is only able to work with alternate currents. this means that
II. INTRODUCTION the input voltage will be alternating and the output voltage
One of the stages of the power supplies is the capacitor filter, will also be.
this step is necessary because at the output of the rectification
stage the signal is not exactly continuous, but wavy, so it is C. Rectificador a diodos
necessary to add elements that improve the signal, In this case, The rectifier is responsible for converting the alternating
it is a capacitor or capacitor. The purpose of a filter is none voltage that leaves the transformer to DC voltage. For this,
other than to minimize the undulating effect of that signal; to diodes are used. A diode conducts when the voltage of its
another wave, called ripple, and we can determine its value anode is greater than that of its cathode. It is like a switch that
by means of the wave factor, or by applying the formula. The opens and closes according to the voltage of its terminals:
filters must have little resistance to the passage of the direct
current and high resistance to the passage of the alternating The rectifier is connected after the transformer, therefore
current; They must also store energy when the input signal it enters alternating voltage and it will have to take out a
increases, and transfer it when the energy decreases, so that continuous voltage, that is, a positive and a negative pole:
the signal becomes less undulatory.
The voltage Vi is alternating and sinusoidal, this means
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK that sometimes it is positive and sometimes negative. In an
A. POWER SUPPLIES oscilloscope we would see this:
The function of a power supply is to convert the alternating Rectifier on bridge
voltage into a direct voltage and as stable as possible, for The most used rectifier is the so-called bridge rectifier, its
scheme is as follows:
When Vi is positive the diodes D2 and D3 lead, the output
Vo being the same as the input Vi
When Vi is negative the diodes D1 and D4 lead, in such a
way that the input voltage Vi is reversed causing the output
to be positive again.
The result is as follows:
Fig. 3. rectifier.
We see in the figure that we have not yet achieved an output
voltage too stable, therefore, it will be necessary to filter it
later.
IV. M ATERIALS
• 1 transformer
• 4 Zener diodes from 5.6[V] to [1W].
• 1 resistor from 52 [Ω] to [5W].
• 1 resistor of 470 [Ω] / [1W].
• 1 resistors of 1 [kΩ] / [1W].
• 1 capacitor of 1000 [uF] / [50V].
• 1 capacitor of 3300 [uF] / [50V]
V. P ROCESS
VOLTAGE REGULATION WITH FIXED Vin and VARI-
Fig. 4. Wave oscilloscope.
ABLE RL
• Build the circuit of Figure No. 7.
TABLE I
Fig. 8. positive half cycle C URRENTS AND VOLTAGES CORRESPONDING TO CIRCUIT 1
VIII. ANNEXES