Experiment No.

1 Linear System Simulator

Objectives:
To perform the following experiments on CE 120 controller.
(a) to study various modules of CE120 controller
(b) to simulate first and second order linear differential equations
(c) to study P, PI and PID controllers for a second order system
Equipment Required:
Single phase AC supply. The CE 120 controller kit, stop watch and connecting wires.
Prior to Lab:
Study the influence of proportional, integral and differential control action on the performance of a
feedback system.
Theory:
The CE120 controller kit consists of wide selection of amplifiers, metering unit, power supplies and
signal conditioning unit. DC power supplies consist of two separate constant voltage output of
+10V and -10V respectively. When used in conjunction with the linear potentiometers provide all
circuit voltage levels required by a typical system in the range of 10V (+ or -). The kit also contains
summing amplifiers (inverting and non inverting), proportional amplifiers and integrating
amplifiers. A three term PID controller contains three separate amplifiers for proportional, integral
and differential amplification and also a summing amplifier to provide a single output which is the
1 s
sum of all three. A phase lead network with transfer function G ( s )  1   s is also provided where
the time constant τ and phase advance coefficient α can be varied.

Procedure:
The reset buttons should be pressed at the beginning of the experiments to clear any stray signals at
the output

Simulation of differential equations:

1. x (t )  0.1x(t )  1 . One summing amplifier, one integrating amplifier and one proportional
amplifier are used for the simulation. Apply 1V to the summing amplifier.
2. x(t )  x (t )  4

3. x(t )  0.5 x (t )  x(t )  5

Study of P, PI and PID controllers:

The plant to be controlled is a series combination of an integrating amplifier and a lead network.
The time constant τ = 4 and phase advance coefficient α = 0.1 so that the overall plant transfer
1 1  4s
function is G ( s )   . For a proportional controller switch off the integral and
s 1  0.4 s
differential blocks in the PID block using toggle switches. Obtain the output of the system for
different values of proportional gains. Repeat the experiment for PI and PID controllers.