CHEMICAL CHANGES

A new substance is created with different properties from the original substance.

COMBUSTION

- Produce energy (light and heat)

- Fuel (wood, gas, oil) + O2 = new substance (ash, smoke)

OXIDATION

- Iron, apples, potatoes + O2 = RUST

FERMENTATION

Fungi alcohol

-Vegetable, fruit, fish, meat + = cheese, bread, wine +

Bacteria lactic acid

1.- What happens when we freeze water?

2. Describe the gas behavior in relation with their atoms.

3.- Write an example of reversible and irreversible changes.

4. How can you measure the volume of a cube?

5. How can you calculate the density of an object?

6.- Is your weight the same on the Earth as on the Moon? Why?

7.- What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?

8.- Define Combustion. What gas is needed for combustion? What energy is produced during
the process?

9.- What do fungi produce during the process of fermentation?

10. What is rust?

 SEPARATING MIXTURE

There are two types of mixtures:

1. Heterogeneous mixture: we can see the individual substances. It is possible to separate

easily.

2. Homogeneous mixture: we can’t see the individual substances. But we can still separate
them as well.

How can we separate substances?

1. MAGNETIC SEPARATION

a. One of the substances is a metal that is attracted by magnets

2. DECANTATION

a. Two liquids with different density: water and oil (the oil floats on top of water)

b. A liquid and a heavy solid: water and sand

c. Pour off the liquid so that the sediment remains in the container.

3. FILTRATION

a. Liquid or gas and small particles.

b. A filter is used to catch the particles but allows the liquid to pass

c. Examples: coffee grounds (liquid +solid), face mask (gas + solid)

4. EVAPORATION

a. Solids which have been dissolved in a liquid: water with salt

b. We need HEAT; the liquid evaporates when we heat it and the sediment is
collected

5. DISTILLATION

a. Two liquids that evaporate at a different rate: water and ethanol.

b. The mixture is heated and ethanol evaporates first, and it can be collected and
cooled = pure ethanol.

c. It is used to produce alcohol and in the petrochemical industry.