Separation of variables 2s Py = dew 18.4 Exact equation M(x,y) de + N(x,y) dy where oM/ay = aN/an, file) FA@) ayy) de + frle)oe(vdy = 0 Faay® wre 18.2 Linear Sst order equation + Py = yesras Jf ered + 6 18.3 Bernoulli's equation vot-w fra = (—n) Sac SPdede +6 where v= y!"*, If m= 1, the solution is ny = fQ-Pdvte =e : a S moe + Si = ZS ures where 42 indicates that the integration is to be performed with respect to « keeping y constant, 18.5 Homogeneous equation de me = fagigte where v= y/z. If Fle) = 0, the solution is y= oz. 104BASIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS 105 18.6 vFley) dz + 2Gevdy = 0 - Gwde me = Sacer ran * If Ge) = F(), the solution is ey =e. where v= 2y. Linear, homogeneous 18.7 second order equation a, } are real constants. “Linear, nonhomogenesus 188 second order equation 4+ os y = Re) a, b are real constants. Let my,ms be the roots of m?-tam+b=0. Then there are 8 cases, Case 1. my, mg real and distinct: w= em + eee Case 2 myymma zeal and equal: | ¥ = cers + ogeomst Case 8. m= p+ai, my = p— git y= eP#(c; cos qx + ey sin gz) where p= —a/2, ¢= Vb—a/4, There are 3 cases corresponding to those of entry 18.7 above. Case 1, Y= eet + gem == mt Ria) dae + ana F Re) di Cm + ais fomenae Cone 2. y= eye ogeme + wemin f em met Ra) de - ome {comme Re) de Case 3. y = ee, cos gx + €y sina) + Sane femme) cos gz de ~ Second Pom ve Ria) sin ge de 7. 18.9 Euler or Cauchy equation @ @ = ft s ac + by = Sta) Putting «= et, the equation becomes fu. @—1)% = Sle SE e og t by = Sch and can then be solved as in entries 18.7 and 18.8 above.106 BASIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS Y= edq(dt) + oY Q(z) See pages 126-197, ‘Transformed Bessel’s equation Eh + opted + (ters pty = 0 vere feston (i) + atu (x)} where q = Vp? BF. 18.12 Legendre’s equation (129 EY ey inti = 0 Y= GPale) + e2Q,(2) See pages 146-148,