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Question:1.

What are the points that should be kept in mind while choosing scale for drawing
a graph?
Answer: The following points should be kept in mind while choosing most suitable scale for
drawing a graph:
(a) The difference between the highest and the lowest values of each quantity.
(b) The intermediate values of each quantity to mark the values on the graph.
(c) To utilize the maximum part of the paper on which graph is to be drawn.
Question: 2.What information we get from distance-time graphs?
Answer: Motion of an object can be represented by its distance-time graphs. It gives
information about the nature of the motion of an object like uniform or uniform motion
Question:3. What is the difference between Distance and time?
Answer: Distance : The distance covered by a moving object is the actual length of the path
followed by the object. Distance is a scalar quantity. SI unit of distance is meter.
Displacement is the shortest distance covered by a moving object from the point of reference
(initial position of the body), in a specified direction.
Question: 4.What are the different type of speed?
Answer: Uniform Speed : An object is said to be moving with uniform speed if it covers
equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Non-uniform : An object is said to be moving with variable speed or non-uniform speed if
it covers equal distances in unequal intervals of time or vice-versa.
Average speed : When we travel in a vehicle the speed of the vehicle changes from time to
time depending upon the conditions existing on the road. In such a situation, the speed is
calculated by taking the ratio of the total distance travelled by the vehicle to the total time
taken for the journey. This is called the average speed.
Instantaneous speed : When we say that the car travels at an average speed of 60 km/h it
does not mean that the car would be moving with the speed of 60 km/h throughout the
journey. The actual speed of the car may be less than or greater than the average speed at a
particular instant of time.
The speed of a moving body at any particular instant of time is called instantaneous speed.
Question:5. Explain how motion of a child on a see-saw is an oscillatory motion.
On a see-saw child goes up and comes down from mean position and repeats itself .So it is an
example of oscillatory motion.
Question: 6.What is the nature of distance-time graph for the motion of an object moving
with (i)a constant speed (ii)Changing speed?
Answer: (i) straight line and (ii) curved line
Question: 7. Explain, how in ancient times, a day, a month and a year was measured.
Answer: The time between one sunrise and the next was called a day.
A month was measured from one new moon to the next .
A year was fixed as the time taken by the earth to complete one revolution of the sun.
Question:8. Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory
motion:
Answer: (i) Motion of your hands while running. : - oscillatory motion
(ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road :- straight line motion
(iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round. : - straight line motion
(iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw. : - oscillatory motion
(v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.- oscillatory motion
(vi) Motion of a train on a straight bridge : - straight line motion
Question:9. What is velocity?
Answer: Velocity can be defined as the rate of change of displacement . SI unit of velocity
is m/s (meter/second Velocity is a vector quantity.
Question:10.Which devices are used to measure time intervals?
Answer: Clocks and watches are used to measure time intervals.
Question: 11. What is a bob?
Answer: The metallic ball of the simple pendulum is called the bob of the pendulum.
Question:12. What are quartz clocks?
Answer: Clocks or watches which have an electric circuit with one or more cells are called
quartz clocks.
Question:13. Define time period of a simple pendulum
Answer: The time taken by the simple pendulum to complete one oscillation is called its time
period.
Question:14. What is the use of odometer in a vehicle?
Answer: Odometer is used in a vehicle to measure distance covered by the vehicle.
Question: 15. What is the use of speedometer in a vehicle?
Answer: The speedometer of a vehicle measures the speed of the vehicle in km/h.
Question:16. How do we know an object is moving faster compared to another object?
By finding the distance travel by a moving body in unit time 1 hr or 1 sec we know the speed
of an object that help us to know which one is moving faster i.e having grater speed.
Question: 17. A simple pendulum takes 15 seconds to complete 5 oscillations. What is the
time period of the pendulum?
Answer: The time taken by pendulum to complete 1 oscillation is called time period
The time taken by pendulum to complete 5 oscillation = 15sec
The time taken by pendulum to complete 1 oscillation = 15/5= 3 sec
So time period = 3 sec
Question:18. If a car is moving with a speed of 5 km/h on a highway find the distance
travelled by the car in 3 hours?
Answer: We know distance travelled by a body = speed X time
So, distance travelled by the car =5x3=15 km
Question:.19. The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 6 hours to cover this
distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Answer: We know distance travelled = speed X time
So, speed = distance / time
Hence, speed of the car = 240 / 6 = 40 km / h
Question:20. Sunil covers a distance of 2.4 km from her house to reach her school on a
bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/sec, calculate the time taken by her to reach the
school
Answer: Total distance traveled =2.4km=2.4x1000m=2400m. Speed is 2m/sec
As time = (Distance/speed) time=2400/2=1200sec.
Question:21. A car is moving with speed 72 km/hr. Convert this speed into metre/sec
Answer: Given speed is 72 km/hr
Speed into metre /sec = [72 x 1000m]÷ [1x60x60sec]=20m/sec
Question:22. A simple pendulum takes 30 seconds to complete 6 oscillations. What is the
time period of the pendulum?
Time period= The time taken by a pendulum to complete 1 oscillation = 30/6= 5 sec
Question:23. A bus covers a distance from A to B at 40 km/h and while returning it travels at
50 km/h. calculate the average speed.
Total distance covered = (40 + 50) Km = 90 Km Total time taken = 2 hr
Average speed = (total distance travelled)/(total time taken) = (90 km)/2hr = 45 km/hr = 45
[1000/3600]m/sec = 12.5 m/s
Question: 24. A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the time
period of the pendulum?
Time taken to complete 20 oscillations = 32 s
Time period of the pendulum = Time taken to complete 1 oscillations = 32/20= 1.6s
Question: 25. The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to cover this
distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Answer: The distance between two stations = 240 km
Time taken by the train to cover that distance = 4 hours
Speed of the train = 240/4 Km/h =60 km/h
Question:26. The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time 08:30
AM. What is the distance moved by the car, if at 08:50 AM, the odometer reading has
changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of the car in km/min during this time. Express
the speed in km/h also.
Answer: Distance traveled by the car = 57336.0 km - 57321.0 km = 15 Km
Time taken by the car to cover distance = 08:50 AM -08:30 AM = 20 m=20/60hr= 1/3 /hr.
Speed of the car in Km/h = 15 km÷1/3 = 15x3 = 45 Km/h
Question: 27. Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If the
bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her house and the school.
Answer: Distance between her house and the school = Speed of bicycle X Time taken
= 2 m/s x 15 X 60 s= 1800 m or 1.8 Km

Review Question:

Question 1: A car covers a distance of 100 km in 5 hour, calculate its speed.

Answer: Given, Total distance = 100 km


Total time taken = 5 hour
We know that
Average Speed = Distance/time
= 100 km/5 hour = 20 km per hour

Question 2: A car covers 20 km in the first hour and cover 30 km in the last 4
hours. Find its average speed.

Answer: Given, Total distance covered = 20 km + 30 km = 50 km


Total time taken = 1 hour + 4 hour = 5 hour
We know that,
Average Speed = Distance/time
= 50/5 = 10 km per hour

Question 1: Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or


oscillatory motion:
i. Motion of your hands while running.
ii. Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road.
iii. Motion of a child in a merry-go-round.
iv. Motion of a child on a see-saw.
v. Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.
vi. Motion of a train on a straight bridge.

Answer:

i. Periodic motion or Oscillatory motion


ii. Along a straight line (Linear motion)
iii. Circular motion
iv. Periodic motion or oscillatory motion
v. Periodic motion or oscillatory motion
vi. Linear motion

Question 2: Which of the following are not correct?

i. The basic unit of time is second.


ii. Every object moves with a constant speed.
iii. Distances between two cities are measured in kilometres.
iv. The time period of a given pendulum is not constant.
v. The speed of a train is expressed in m/h.

Answer: (ii), (iv) and (v)

Question 3: A simple pendulum takes 32 s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the


time period of the pendulum?

Answer: Given, Number of oscillation = 20


Time taken = 32 second
We know that,
Time Period = Time/Number of oscillations
= 32 s/20 = 1.6 s

Question 4: The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to
cover this distance. Calculate the speed of the train.

Answer: Given, distance = 240 km


Time taken = 4 hour
We know that,
Speed = Distance/Time
= 240 km/ 4hour = 60 km per hour
Question 5: The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the
time 08:30 AM. What is the distance moved by the car, if at 08:50 AM, the
odometer reading has changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the speed of the car in
km/min during this time. Express the speed in km/h also.

Answer: Given, Initial reading of odometer = 57321.0 km


Final reading of odometer = 57336.0 km
Initial time = 08:30 AM
Final time = 08:50 AM

Thus, Distance covered = Final reading of odometer – Initial reading of odometer


= 57336.0 km – 57321.0 km = 15 km
Total time taken = Final time – Initial time = 08:50 AM – 08:30 AM = 20 minute
20 minute = 20/60 hour = 1/3 hour

We know that, speed = distance/time


= 15 km/20 minute = 0.75 km/minute
Or, speed = 15km/(1/3) hour = 45 km/hour
So, speed = 0.75 km/minute or 45km/hour

Question 6: Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a
bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her
house and the school.

Answer: Given, Speed = 2 m/s


Time taken = 15 minute = 900 s
Distance =?
We know that,
Speed = Distance/Time
Or, Distance = Speed X Time
= 2 m/s X 900 s = 1800 m = 1.8 km

Question 7: Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the
following cases:

i. A car moving with a constant speed.


ii. A car parked on a side road.

Answer:
Question 8: Which of the following relations is correct?

a. Speed = Distance X Time


b. Speed = Distance/Time
c. Speed = Time/Distance
d. Speed = 1/(Distance.Time)

Answer: (b) Speed = Distance/Time

Question 9: The basic unit of speed is:


(i) km/min (ii) m/min (iii) km/h (iv) m/s

Answer: (iv) m/s

Question 10: A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 15 minutes and then
with a speed of 60 km/h for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered
by the car is:
(i) 100 km (ii) 25 km (iii) 15 km (iv) 10 km

Answer: Given, Speed for first 15 minute = 40km/h


Speed for next 15 minute = 60 km/h
We know that,
Distance = Speed X Time
Therefore, Distance covered in first 15 minute i.e. 0.25 hour = 40 km/h X 0.24
hour = 10 km
Distance covered in next 15 minute = 60 km/h X 0.25 hour = 15 km
15 minute = ¼ hour = 0.25 hour
Thus, total distance covered = 10 km + 15 km = 25 km
Hence, Answer (ii) is correct

Question 11: Suppose the two photographs, shown in Fig. 13.1 and Fig. 13.2 had
been taken at an interval of 10 seconds. If a distance of 100 metres is shown by 1
cm in these photographs, calculate the speed of the blue car.

Answer: Do the following steps to calculate the speed:

 Measure the distance cover by blue car.


 Multiply the distance measured in cm by 100 to get the distance covered
by car in meter.
 Divide the distance in meter by 10 second (time given in question).
 Result will be the speed of car in meter/second.

Suppose the distance of car is 3.5 cm.


Thus, Distance covered by car = 3.5 x 100 = 350 meter.
Time (given in question) = 10 second
Speed = Distance/Time
= 350 m/10 sec = 35 m per second

Question 12: Figure given here shows the distance-time graph for the motion of
two vehicles A and B. Which one of them is moving faster?
Answer: Vehicle A is moving faster which is evident from higher slope for
distance time graph of this vehicle; compared to that of the other vehicle.

Question 13: Which of the following distance-time graphs shows a truck moving
with speed which is not constant?

Answer: (iii) The slope of the graph in this option is not a straight line and hence it
does not show a uniform motion.

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