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3 components Decision -
of Process Control Controller
Action
Type of Controller
Regulatory and servo control
• For process that the controlled variable deviates from set
point because of disturbance – regulatory control
Controlled Manipulated Load variable Set point
variable variable
Sym: Sym: r, SP, SV
Sym: c, PV Sym: m, CO, MV
“All other The desired
“The parameters A process being affecting operating
that indicate adjusted (controlled) variable, other condition.
product quality or by a final control than the one
the operating element (such as being
condition of the control valve, manipulated.”
process.” (L.M. damper, motor (L.M. Gordon)
Gordon) speed).
© Abdul Aziz Ishak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (2009)
Unit 1: Control strategies
Feedback control I/P TC
Heat exchanger TT
Manipulated variable
(saturated steam) 100°C 80°C
30°C controlled variable
Load variable
100 L/min (temperature of
(Flow of saline solution)
sterilised saline)
Merit?
Simple design. Easy to tune (for linear, fast & The Process
short deadtime processes: flow, level & Saline solution at 30°C is sterilized by
pressure). heating the solution in a heat-exchanger
system to 80°C. The temperature of the
Demerits? sterilized saline solution is maintained by
Slow recovery for slow process such as regulating the control valve of steam input
temperature control upon load disturbance or to the heat-exchanger.
change in setpoint. A process with long deadtime
may exhibit oscillatory process response with
long settling time.
© Abdul Aziz Ishak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (2009)
Unit 1: Control strategies
TSP
FSP
Cascade control I/P FC TC
FT Heat exchanger TT
Manipulated variable
(saturated steam) 100°C 80°C
30°C controlled variable
Load variable
100 L/min (temperature of
(Flow of saline solution)
sterilised saline)
Manipulated variable
(saturated steam) Heat exchanger 80°C
FTTT
30°C controlled variable
Load variable
100 L/min (temperature of
(Flow of saline solution)
sterilised saline)
Merit?
Feedforward control compensates for major
disturbances, while feedback control compensates
for all other disturbances.
Merit?
Keep two flow in proportion.
Demerits?
Inherits PID characteristics
divider
• Required to blend 2 liquid streams, A and B in some
ratio
R=FB/FA
The flow of stream B must vary, as the flow rate of
stream A is varies
•Feedforward control
D
Y(s) Y
Feedforward Process
controller
•Cascade control
Y(s)
Primary Secondary Y
Process II Process I
controller controller
• Question
- How to ensure that the level in the tank remains at or near the set
point? Propose the following control strategy:
- Feedback
- Feedforward
- Feedforward/Feedback