Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. deceit; 1. Good faith in the acquisition of a property of the client subject of litigation (In
2. malpractice or other gross misconduct in office; re: Ruste, 70 Phil. 243)
3. grossly immoral conduct; 2. Inexperience of the lawyer (Munoz v. People, 53 SCRA 190)
4. conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude; 3. Age (Lantos v. Gan, 196 SCRA 16)
5. violation of oath of office; 4. Apology (Munoz v. People, 53 SCRA 190)
6. willful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court; Lack of Intention to slight or offend the Court (Rhum of the Philippines, Inc. v. Ferrer,
7. corrupt or willful appearance as attorney for a party to case without authority 20 SCRA 441).
to do so (Sec. 27, Rule 138, RRC)
Chapter IV
The Lawyer and the Client CANON 15 – A lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his dealings and
CANON 14 – A Lawyer shall not refuse his services to the needy. transactions with his client.
Rule 14.01 – A lawyer shall not decline to represent a person solely on account of the Rule 15.01 – A lawyer in conferring with a prospective client, shall ascertain as soon as
latter’s race, sex, creed or status of life, or because of his own opinion regarding the practicable whether the matter would involve a conflict with another client or his own
guilt of said person. interest, and if so, shall forthwith inform the prospective client.
Rule 14.02 – A lawyer shall not decline, except for serious and sufficient cause, an Rule 15.02 – A lawyer shall be bound by the rule on privilege communication in respect
appointment as counsel de oficio or as amicus curae or a request from the Integrated of matters disclosed to him by a prospective client.
Bar of the Philippines or any of its chapters for rendition of free legal aid.
Rule 14.03 – A lawyer may refuse to accept representation of a client if: Rule on Revealing Client’s Identity
1. a. He is not in position to carry out the work effectively and competently.
General Rule: A lawyer may not invoke privilege communication to refuse
2. b. He labors under conflict of interest between him and the prospective client
revealing a client’s identity. (Regala vs. Sandiganbayan, 262 SCRA 122,
or between a present client and the prospective client.
September 20, 1996)
Rule 14.04 – A lawyer who accepts the cause of a person unable to pay his professional
Exceptions:
fees shall observe the same standard of conduct governing his relations with paying
1. When by divulging such identity, it would implicate the client to that same
clients.
controversy for which the lawyer’s services were required.
Duties to Client:
2. It would open client to civil liability
1. owe utmost learning and ability 3. The disclosure of such identity will provide for the only link in order to convict
2. maintain inviolate the confidence of the client the accused, otherwise, the government has no case.
3. disclose all circumstances/interest regarding the controversy Requisites of Privileged Communication:
4. undivided loyalty 1. Atty.-client relationship (or a kind of consultancy relationship with a
5. not reject cause of defenseless and oppressed prospective client
6. candor, fairness and loyalty 2. Communication made by client to lawyer in the course of lawyer’s professional
7. hold in trust money or property
employment
8. respond with zeal to the cause of the client
3. Communication is intended to be confidential (see Rule 130, Sec. 21(b), Rules
Appointment of Amicus Curae
of Court)
1. by application to the judge
When communication is not privileged:
2. the judge on his own initiative may invite the lawyer
1. after pleading has been filed
3. no right to interfere with or control the condition of the record, no control over
2. communication intended by the client to be sent to a third person through his
the suit counsel (it loses its confidential character as soon as it reaches the hands of
Cannot refuse on the ground of insufficient of compensation or lack of it
third person)
Even if the communication is unprivileged, the rule of ethics prohibits him from Rule 15.07 – A lawyer shall impress upon his client compliance with the laws and the
voluntarily revealing or using to his benefit or to that of a third person, to the principles of fairness.
disadvantage of the client, the said communication unless the client consents Rule 15.08 – A lawyer who is engaged in another profession or occupation concurrently
thereto. with the practice of law shall make clear to his client whether he is acting as a lawyer or
This is applicable to students under the Student Practice Law Program
in another capacity.
Rule 15.03 – A lawyer shall not represent conflicting interests except by written Lawyers should refrain from giving any advice unless they have obtained
consent of all concerned given after a full disclosure of the facts. sufficient understanding of their client’s cause. A careful investigation and
examination of the facts must first be had before any legal opinion be given by
Rule on Conflicting Interest the lawyer to the client.
To avoid breach of legal ethics, a lawyer should keep any business, in which is
It is generally the rule based on sound public policy that an attorney cannot
engaged in concurrently with the practice of law, entirely separate and apart
represent adverse interest. It is highly improper to represent both sides of an issue. from the latter.
The proscription against representation of conflicting interest finds application where
the conflicting interest arises with respect to the same general matter and is CANON 16 – A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client that
applicable however slight such adverse interest may be. It applies although the may come into his possession.
attorney’s intention and motives were honest and he acted in good faith. However,
representation of conflicting interest may be allowed where the parties consent to Rule 16.01 – A lawyer shall account for all money or property collected or received for
the representation after full disclosure of facts. (Nakpil vs. Valdez, 286 SCRA 758). or from the client.
General Rule:An attorney cannot represent adverse interest. Rule 16.02 – A lawyer shall keep the funds of each client separate and apart from his
Exception:Where the parties consent to the representation after full disclosure own and those of others kept by him.
of facts. Rule 16.03 – A lawyer shall deliver the funds and property of his client when due or
The TEST in determining Conflicting Interest: The test is whether or not the upon demand. However, he shall have a lien over the funds and may apply so much
acceptance of a new relation will prevent an attorney from the full discharge of thereof as may be necessary to satisfy his lawful fees and disbursements, giving notice
his duty of individual fidelity and loyalty to his client or invite suspicion of promptly thereafter to his client. He shall also have a lien to the same extent on all
unfaithfulness in double-dealing in the performance thereof.(Tiana vs. judgments and executions he has secured for his client as provided for the Rules of
Ocampo)
Court.
Rule 15.04 – A lawyer may, with the written consent of all concerned, act as mediator,
Attorneys’ Liens – an attorney shall have a lien upon the funds, documents and
conciliator or arbitrator in settling disputes.
papers of his client which have lawfully come into his possession and may retain the
Rule 15.05 – A lawyer, when advising his client, shall give a candid and honest opinion
same until his lawful fees and disbursements have been paid, and may apply such
on the merits and probable results of the client’s case, neither overstating nor
finds to the satisfaction thereof. He shall also have a lien to the same extent upon all
understating the prospects of the case.
judgements for the payment of money, and executions issued in pursuance of such
Rule 15.06 – A lawyer shall not state nor imply that he is able to influence any public
judgements which he has secured in a litigation of his client, from and after the time
official, tribunal or legislative body.
when he shall have caused a statement of his claim of such lien to be entered upon The lawyer owes loyalty to his client even after the relation of attorney and
the records of the court rendering such judgement, or issuing such execution, and client has terminated. It is not good practice to permit him afterwards to
shall have caused written notice thereof to be delivered to his client and to the defend in another case other persons against his former client under the
adverse party; and he shall have the same right and power over such judgments and pretext that the case is distinct from and independent of the former case.
executions as his client would have to enforce his lien and secure the payment of his
CANON 18 – A lawyer shall serve his client with competence and diligence.
fees and disbursements. (Sec, 37, Rule 138, RRC)
Rule 16.04 – A lawyer shall not borrow money from his client unless the client’s Rule 18.01 – A lawyer shall not undertake a legal service which he knows or should
interests are fully protected by the nature of the case or by independent know that he is not qualified to render. However, he may render such service if, with
advice. Neither shall a lawyer lend money to a client except, when in the interest of the consent of his client, he can obtain as collaborating counsel a lawyer who is
justice, he has to advance necessary expenses in the legal matter he is handling for the competent on the matter.
client. Rule 18.02 – A lawyer shall not handle any legal matter without adequate preparation.
Attorney’s lien is not an excuse for non-rendition of accounting Rule 18.03 – A lawyer shall not neglect a legal matter entrusted to him and his
Cannot disburse client’s money to client’s creditors without authority.
negligence in connection therewith shall render him liable.
Failure to deliver upon demand gives rise to the presumption that he has
Rule 18.04 – A lawyer shall keep the client informed of the status of his case and shall
misappropriated the funds for his own use to the prejudice of the client and in
respond within a reasonable time to the client’s request for information.
violation of the trust reposed in him.
Competence: sufficiency of lawyer’s qualification to deal with the matter in
Notify client if retaining lien shall be implemented
question and includes knowledge and skill and the ability to use them
When a lawyer enforces a charging lien against his client, the client-lawyer
effectively in the interest of the client.
relationship is terminated.
A lawyer must keep himself constantly abreast with the trend of authoritative
The principle behind Rule 16.04 is to prevent the lawyer from taking advantage
pronouncements and developments in all branches of law.
of his influence over the client or to avoid acquiring a financial interest in the
There must be extraordinary diligence in prosecution or defense of his client’s
outcome of the case.
cause.
CANON 17 – A lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall be mindful of If a lawyer errs like any other human being, he is not answerable for every error
or mistake, and will be protected as long as he acts honestly and in good faith
the trust and confidence reposed in him.
to the best of his skill and knowledge.
No fear of judicial disfavor or public popularity should restrain him from full Lawyer is not an insurer of the result in a case where he is engaged in the
discharge of his duty. counsel.
It is the duty of the lawyer at the time of retainer to disclose to the client all the
circumstances of his relations to the parties and any interest in, or connection CANON 19 – A lawyer shall represent his client with zeal within the bounds of the law.
with, the controversy which might influence the client in the selection of
Rule 19.01 – A lawyer shall employ only fair and honest means to attain the lawful
counsel.
objectives of his client and shall not present, participate in presenting or threaten to
present unfounded criminal charges to obtain an improper advantage in any case or 7. g. The amount involved in the controversy and the benefits resulting to the
proceeding. client from the services;
Rule 19.02 – A lawyer who has received information that his client has, in the course of 8. h. The contingency or certainty of compensation;
the representation, perpetuated a fraud upon a person or tribunal, shall promptly call 9. i. The character of the employment, whether occasional or established; and
upon the client to rectify the same, and failing which he ha to terminate the 10. j. The professional standing of the lawyer.
Kinds of Payment which may be stipulated upon:
relationship with such client in accordance with the Rules of Court.
1. a fixed or absolute fee which is payable regardless of the result of the case
Rule 19.03 – A lawyer shall not allow his client to dictate the procedure in handling the
2. a contingent fee that is conditioned to the securing of a favorable judgment
case. and recovery of money or property and the amount of which may be on a
General Rule: Negligence binds client
percentage basis
Exception: Reckless imprudence (deprives client of due process) 3. a fixed fee payable per appearance
4. a fixed fee computed by the number of hours spent
Results in outright deprivation of one’s property through technicality
5. a fixed fee based on a piece of work
Attorney’s Fees
Must not present in evidence any document known to be false; nor present a
false witness. 1. Ordinary attorney’s fee -the reasonable compensation paid to a lawyer by his
Negative pregnant is improper since it is an ambiguous pleading (improper if in
client for the legal services he has rendered to the latter. The basis for this
bad faith and the purpose is to confuse the other party) compensation is the fact of his employment by and his agreement with the
client.
In defense: present every defense the law permits.
2. Extraordinary attorney’s fee – an indemnity for damages ordered by the court
Lawyer should do his best efforts to restrain and to prevent his clients from
to be paid by the losing party in litigation. The basis for this is any of the cases
perpetrating acts which he himself ought not to do. Or else, withdraw. But
provided for by law where such award can be made, such as those authorized
lawyer shall not volunteer the information about the client’s commission of
in Article 2208 of the Civil Code, and is payable NOT to the lawyer but to the
fraud to anyone – counter to duty to maintain client’s confidence and secrets.
client, unless they have agreed that the award shall pertain to the lawyer as
CANON 20 – A lawyer shall charge only fair and reasonable fees. additional compensation or as part thereof.
How attorney’s fees may be claimed by the lawyer:
Rule 20.01 – A lawyer shall be guided by the following factors in determining his fees: 1. It may be asserted either in the very action in which the services of a lawyer
1. a. The time spent and the extent of the services rendered or required. had been rendered or in a separate action.
2. b. The novelty and difficulty of the questions involved; 2. A petition for attorney’s fees may be filed before the judgment in favor of the
3. c. The importance of the subject matter; client is satisfied or the proceeds thereof delivered to the client.
4. d. The skill demanded; 3. The determination as to the propriety of the fees or as to the amount thereof
5. e. The probability of losing other employment as a result of acceptance of the will have to be held in abeyance until the main case from which the lawyer’s
proffered case; claim for attorney’s fees may arise has become final. Otherwise, the
6. f. The customary charges for similar services and the schedule of fees of the determination of the courts will be premature.
IBP chapter to which he belongs; Kinds of Retainer Agreements on Attorney’s fees:
1. General Retainer or Retaining Fee – it is the fee paid to a lawyer to secure his When counsel cannot recover full amount despite written contract for
future services as general counsel for any ordinary legal problem that may arise attorneys’ fees:
in the ordinary business of the client and referred to him for legal action; 1. When he withdraws before the case is finished
2. Special Retainer – that is a fee for a specific case or service rendered by the 2. justified dismissal of attorney (payment: in quantum meruit only)
lawyer for a client The reason for the award of attorney’s fees must be stated in the text of the
Quantum Meruit –it means “as much as he deserves”, and is used as the basis decision; otherwise, if it is stated only in the dispositive portion of the decision,
for determining the lawyer’s professional fees in the absence of a contract, but the same must be disallowed on appeal.
recoverable by him from his client. Even though the interest or property involved is of considerable value, if the
Quantum Meruit is resorted to where: legal services rendered do not call for much efforts there is no justification for
1. there is no express contract for payment of attorney’s fees agreed upon the award of high fees.
between the lawyer and the client; Champertous Contracts (void) – Lawyer stipulates with his client that in the
2. when although there is a formal contract for attorney’s fees, the stipulated fees prosecution of the case, he will bear all the expenses for the recovery of things
are found unconscionable or unreasonable by the court. or property being claimed by the client and the latter agrees to pay the former
3. When the contract for attorney’s fees is void due to purely formal matters or a portion of the thing/property recovered as compensation.
defects of execution Compensation to an attorney for merely recommending another lawyer is
4. When the counsel, for justifiable cause, was not able to finish the case to its improper (agents)
conclusion Attorney’s fees for legal services shared or divided to non-lawyer is prohibited.
5. When lawyer and client disregard the contract for attorney’s fees. Division of fees is only for division of service or responsibility.
Skill: length of practice is not a safe criterion of professional ability. A lawyer should try to settle amicably any differences on the subject. A lawyer
Rule 20.02 – A lawyer shall, in cases of referral, with the consent of the client, be has 2 options. Judicial action to recover attorney’s fees:
entitled to a division of fees in proportion to the work performed and responsibility 1. In same case: Enforce attorney’s fees by filing an appropriate motion or
assumed. petition as an incident to the main action where he rendered legal services.
Rule 20.03 – A lawyer shall not, without the full knowledge and consent of the client, 2. In a separate civil action.
accept any fee, reward, costs, commission, interest, rebate or forwarding allowance or
other compensation whatsoever related to his professional employment from anyone
other than the client. CANON 21 – A lawyer shall preserve the confidences and secrets of his client even after
Rule 20.04 – A lawyer shall avoid controversies with clients concerning his the attorney-client relation is terminated.
compensation and shall resort to judicial action only to prevent imposition, injustice or Confidence – refers to information protected by the attorney-client privilege
fraud. (RRC)
Unauthorized counsel: Not entitled to attorney’s fees. Secret – refers to other information gained in the professional relationship that
Stipulation regarding payments of attorney’s fees is not illegal/immoral and is the client has regulated to be held inviolate or the disclosure of which would be
enforceable as the law between the parties provided such stipulation does not embarrassing or would likely be detrimental to the client.
contravene law, good morals, etc.
An attorney cannot, without the consent of his client, be examined as to any 2. client jumped bail and lawyer knows his whereabouts; or client is living
communication made by the client to him, or his advice given thereon in the somewhere under an assumed name
course of professional employment; nor can an attorney’s secretary, 3. communication involves the commission of future fraud or crime but
stenographer, or clerk be examined, without the consent of the client and his crimes/frauds “already committed” falls within the privilege.
employees, concerning any fact the knowledge of which has been acquired in Rule 21.02 – A lawyer shall not, to the disadvantage of his client, use information
such capacity (Rule 130, Sec. 21 (b), RRC) acquired in the course of employment, nor shall he use the same to his own advantage
The mere establishment of a client-lawyer relationship does not raise a or that of a third person, unless the client with full knowledge of the circumstances
presumption of confidentiality. There must be an intent or that the consents thereto.
communication relayed by the client to the lawyer be treated as confidential. Rule 21.03 – A lawyer shall not, without the written consent of his client, give
Rule 21.01 – A lawyer shall not reveal the confidences or secrets of his client except: information from his files to an outside agency seeking such information for auditing,
1. a. When authorized by the client after acquainting him of the consequences
statistical, bookkeeping, accounting, data processing, or any other similar purposes.
of the disclosure:
Rule 21.04 – A lawyer may disclose the affairs of a client of the firm to partners or
2. b. When required by law;
3. c. When necessary to collect his fees or to defend himself, his employees or associates thereof unless prohibited by the client.
associates or by judicial action. Rule 21.05 – A lawyer shall adopt such measures as may be required to prevent those
When properly authorized after having been fully informed of the whose services are utilized by him, from disclosing or using confidences or secrets of
consequences to reveal his confidences/secrets, then there is a valid waiver. the client.
Art. 209. Betrayal of Trust by an Attorney or Solicitor. Revelation of secrets. In Rule 21.06 – A lawyer shall avoid indiscreet conversation about a client’s affairs even
addition to the proper administrative action, the penalty of prision with members of his family.
correccional in its minimum period, or a fine ranging from P200 to P1000, or Rule 21.07 – A lawyer shall not reveal that he has been consulted about a particular
both, shall be imposed upon any attorney at law or solicitor who, by any case except to avoid possible conflict of interest.
malicious break of professional duty as inexcusable negligence or ignorance, Avoid committing calculated indiscretion – accidental revelation of secrets
shall prejudice his client, or reveal any of the secrets of the latter learned by obtained in his professional employment.
him in his professional capacity. Prohibition applies, even if the prospective client did not thereafter actually
engage the lawyer.
The same penalty shall be imposed upon an attorney at law or solicitor who, having
undertaken the defense of a client, or having received confidential information from
said client in a case, shall undertake the defense of the opposing party in the same
case, without the consent of his first client (Rule 209, RPC) CANON 22 – A lawyer shall withdraw his services only for good cause and upon notice
appropriate in the circumstances.
General Rule: Obligation to keep secrets covers only lawful purposes Rule 22.01 – A lawyer may withdraw his services in any of the following cases:
Exceptions: 1. a. When the client pursues an illegal or immoral course of conduct in
1. announcements of intention of a client to commit a crime connection with the matter he is handling;
2. b. When the client insists that the lawyer pursue conduct violative of these entered into the records of
canons and rules; the case
3. c. When his inability to work with co-counsel will not promote the best
interest of the client; Client and adverse party must
4. d. When the mental or physical condition of the lawyer renders it difficult for Client need not be notified be notified to make it
him to carry out the employment effectively; 5. Notice to make it effective effective
5. e. When the client deliberately fails to pay the fees for the services or fails to
comply with the retainer agreement; Generally, it is exercisable
6. f. When the lawyer is elected or appointed to a public office, and May be exercised before only when the attorney had
7. g. Other similar cases judgment or execution or already secured a favorable
Rule 22.02 – A lawyer who withdraws or is discharged shall subject to a retaining lien, 6. Applicability regardless thereof. judgment for his client
immediately turn over all papers and property to which the client is entitled, and shall In withdrawal as counsel for a client, an attorney may only retire from a case
cooperate with his successor in the orderly transfer of the matter, including all either by written consent of his client or by permission of the court after due
information necessary for the proper handling of the matter. notice and hearing, in which event the attorney should see to it that the name
of the new attorney is recorded in the case.
Retaining Lien Charging Lien An attorney who could not get the written consent of his client must make an
application to the court, for the relation does not terminate formally until there
Passive Lien: It cannot be Active Lien: It can be enforced is a withdrawal of record. Counsel has no right to presume that the court would
actively enforced. It is a by execution. It is a special grand his withdrawal and therefore must still appear on the date of hearing.
1. Nature general lien lien. Requirements for the Substitution of Counsel in a Case:
1. written application
Lawful possession of
2. written consent of client
papers, documents,
3. written consent of attorney to be substituted
property belonging to Securing of a favorable money
4. if the consent of the attorney to be substituted cannot be obtained, there must
2. Basis client. judgment for the client.
be at least a proof of notice that the motion for substitution has been served
Covers only papers, upon him, in the manner prescribed by the rules.
documents and property in Covers all judgments for the A lawyer cannot recover compensation from one who did not employ or
the lawful possession of the payment of money and authorize his employment, however valuable the results of his services may
attorney by reason of his executions issued in have been to such person. In similar cases, no compensation when:
3. Coverage professional employment pursuance of such judgments. 1. client conducts himself in a manner which tends to degrade his attorney;
2. client refuses to extend cooperation;
As soon as the attorney gets 3. client stops having contact with him.
4. When Lien possession of the papers As soon as the claim for The right of a client to terminate a lawyer is absolute. Such termination may be
takes effect documents or property attorney’s fees had been with or without cause.
Chapter III 12. asserting a fact not proved
13. verbatim reproductions down to the last word and punctuation mark
The Lawyer and the Courts 14. slight typo mistake: not sufficient to place him in contempt
CANON 10 – A Lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.
Rule 10.01 – A lawyer shall not do any falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in
court; nor shall he mislead or allow the court to be mislead by any artifice.
CANON 11 – A lawyer shall observe and maintain the respect due to the courts and to
Rule 10.02 – A lawyer shall not knowingly misquote or misrepresent the contents of
judicial officers and should insist on similar conduct by
the paper, the language or the argument of opposing counsel, or the text of a decision
others.
of authority, or knowingly cite as law a provision already rendered inoperative by
Rule 11.01 – A lawyer shall appear in court properly attired.
repeal or amendment, or assert as a fact that which has not been approved.
A lawyer may NOT wear outlandish or colorful clothing to court.
Rule 10.03 – A lawyer shall observe the rules of procedure and shall not misuse them
As an officer of the court and in order to maintain the dignity and respectability
to defeat the ends of justice. of the legal profession, a lawyer who appears in court must be properly attired.
Judge-lawyer relationship: based on independence and self-respect.
Consequently, the court can hold a lawyer IN CONTEMPT of court if he does
Lawyer’s duty to the court:
not appear in proper attire. Any deviation from the commonly accepted norm
1. respect and loyalty of dressing in court (barong or tie, not both) is enough to warrant a citing for
2. fairness, truth and candor contempt.
3. no attempt to influence courts
Rule 11.02 – A lawyer shall punctually appear at court hearings.
Cases of falsehood:
Rule 11.03 – A lawyer shall abstain from scandalous, offensive, or menacing language
1. stating in the Deed of Sale that property is free from all liens and
encumbrances when not so or behavior before the courts.
2. encashing check payable to a deceased cousin by signing the latter’s name on Rule 11.04 – A lawyer shall not attribute to a judge motives not supported by the
the check record or having no materiality to the case.
3. falsifying a power of attorney and using it in collecting the money due to the Rule 11.05 – A lawyer shall submit grievances against a judge to the proper authorities
principal already.
4. alleging in one pleading that the clients were mere lessees and in another A lawyer is an officer of the court. He occupies a quasi-judicial office with a
pleading that the same clients were owners tripartite obligation to the courts, to the public and to his clients.
5. presenting falsified documents in court which he knows to be false The public duties of the attorney take precedence over his private duties. His
6. filing false charges on groundless suits first duty is to the courts. Where duties to the courts conflict with his duties to
7. using in pleadings the IBP number of another lawyer his clients, the latter must yield to the former.
8. unsolicited appearances Lawyers must be respectful not only in actions but also in the use of language
9. use of fictitious residence certificate whether in oral arguments or in pleadings.
10. misquotation/misrepresentation Must exert efforts that others (including clients, witnesses) shall deal with the
11. citing a repealed or amended provision courts and judicial officers with respect.
Obedience to court orders and processes. 2. when he institutes two or more actions or proceedings grounded on the same
Criticisms of courts must not spill the walls of decency. There is a wide cause, on the gamble that one or the other would make a favorable
difference between fair criticism and abuse and slander of courts and disposition (Benguet Electric Corp. vs. Flores, 287 SCRA 449, March 12, 1998).
judges. Intemperate and unfair criticism is a gross violation of the duty to The most important factor in determining the existence of forum-shopping is
respect the courts. It amounts to misconduct which subjects the lawyer to the VEXATION caused the courts and party-litigants by a party who asks
disciplinary action. different courts to rule on the same related causes, asking the same relief.
A mere disclaimer of any intentional disrespect by appellant is not a ground for Forum shopping constitutes DIRECT CONTEMPT of court and may subject the
exoneration. His intent must be determined by a fair interpretation of the offending lawyer to disciplinary action.
languages employed by him. He cannot escape responsibility by claiming that Rule 12.03 – A lawyer shall not, after obtaining extensions of time to file pleadings,
his words did not mean what any reader must have understood them to mean. memoranda or briefs, let the period lapse without submitting the same or offering an
Lawyer can demand that the misbehavior of a judge be put on record. explanation for his failure to do so.
Lawyers must be courageous enough to expose arbitrariness and injustice of Asking for extension of time must be in good faith.
courts and judges. Rule 12.04 – A lawyer shall not unduly delay a case, impede the execution of a
A lawyer may submit grievances against judges in the Supreme Court, judgment or misuse court processes.
Ombudsman, or Congress (for impeachment of SC judges only).
Rule 12.05 – A lawyer shall refrain from talking to his witness during a break or recess
CANON 12 – A lawyer shall exert every effort and consider it his duty to assist in the in the trial, while the witness is still under examination.
speedy and efficient administration of justice. Rule 12.06 – A lawyer shall not knowingly assist a witness to misrepresent himself or to
impersonate another.
Rule 12.01 – A lawyer shall not appear for trial unless he has adequately prepared Rule 12.07 – A lawyer shall not abuse, browbeat or harass a witness nor needlessly
himself with the law and the facts of his case, the evidence he will adduce and the inconvenience him.
order of its preference. He should also be ready with the original documents for Rights and obligations of a witness – a witness must answer questions, although his
comparison with the copies. answer may tend to establish a claim against him. However, it is the right of a
Newly hired counsel: must acquaint himself with all the antecedent witness:
proceedings and processes that have transpired in the record prior to his 1. to be protected from irrelevant, improper, or insulting questions and from
takeover. harsh or insulting demeanor;
If presenting documentary exhibits, he must be ready with the originals for the 2. not to be detained longer than the interest of justice requires;
purpose of comparison with copies thereof. 3. not to be examined except only as to matters pertinent to the issue;
Rule 12.02 – A lawyer shall not file multiple actions arising from the same cause. 4. not to give any answer which will tend to subject him to a penalty for an
Forum shopping – omission to disclose pendency of appeal or prior dismissal of offense unless otherwise provided by law, or
his case by a court of concurrent jurisdiction. 5. nor to give answer which will tend to degrade his reputation, unless it be to the
Forum shopping exists when as a result of an adverse opinion in one forum: very fact at issue or to a fact from which the fact in issue would be
1. a party seeks favorable opinion (other than by appeal or certiorari) in another; presumed. But a witness must answer to the fact of his previous final
or conviction for an offense. (Rule 132, Sec. 3, RRC)
Rule 12.08 – A lawyer shall avoid testifying in behalf of his client, except: Rule 7.02 – A lawyer shall not support application for admission to the bar by any
1. a. on formal matters, such as the mailing, authentication or custody of an person known to him or be unqualified in respect to character, education, or other
instrument and the like: relevant attribute.
2. b. on substantial matters, in cases where his testimony is essential to the ends Rule 7.03 – A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to
of justice, in which event he must, during his testimony, entrust the trial of the practice law, nor should he, whether in public or private life, behave in a scandalous
case to another counsel. manner to the discredit of the legal profession.
Upright character; not mere absence of bad character.
CANON 13 – A lawyer shall rely upon the merits of his cause and refrain from any
A lawyer must at all times conduct himself properly as not to put into question
impropriety which tends to influence, or gives the appearance of influencing the court. his fitness to practice law.
Avoid scandalous conduct; not only required to refrain from adulterous
Rule 13.01 – A lawyer shall not extend extraordinary attention or hospitality to, nor
relationships or the keeping of mistress but must also behave himself as to
seek opportunity for, cultivating familiarity with judges.
avoid scandalizing the public by creating the belief that he is flouting those
Rule 13.02 – A lawyer shall not make public statements in the media regarding a moral standards.
pending case tending to arouse public opinion for or against a party.
Rule 13.03 – A lawyer shall not brook or invite interference by another branch or CANON 8 – A lawyer shall conduct himself with courtesy, fairness and candor towards
agency of the government in the normal course of judicial proceedings. his professional colleagues, and shall avoid harassing tactics against opposing counsel.
The judge has the corresponding duty not to convey or permit others to convey
the impression that they are in a special position to influence the judge. Rule 8.01 – A lawyer shall not, in his professional dealings, use language which is
Discussing cases with the judge privately should be avoided. abusive, offensive or otherwise improper.
Test when public statement is contemptuous: The character of the act done Rule 8.02 – A lawyer shall not, directly or indirectly, encroach upon the professional
and its direct tendency to prevent and obstruct the discharge of official duty. employment of another lawyer; however, it is the right of any lawyer without fear or
To warrant a finding of “prejudicial publicity”, there must be an allegation and favor, to give proper advice and assistance to those seeking relief against unfaithful or
proof that the judges have been unduly influenced, not simply that they might neglectful counsel.
be, by the “barrage” of publicity. It is the duty of a lawyer to inform the SC or the IBP of such malpractice to the
Lawyer is equally guilty as the client if he induces the latter to cause the
end that the malpractitioner be properly disciplined.
publicity. Not to use in pleadings and in practice the following: disrespectful, abusive and
abrasive language, offensive personalities, unfounded accusations or
Chapter II
intemperate words tending to obstruct, embarrass or influence the court in
administering justice.
The Lawyer and the Legal Profession
Want of intention: not an excuse for the disrespectful language used. It merely
CANON 7 – A lawyer shall at all times uphold the integrity and dignity of the legal
extenuates liability.
profession, and support the activities of the integrated bar.
Rule 7.01 – A lawyer shall be answerable for knowingly making false statements or
suppressing a material fact, in connection with his application for admission to the bar.
CANON 9 – A lawyer shall not directly or indirectly assist in the unauthorized practice Responsibility, Canons of Professional Ethics, jurisprudence, moral laws and special
of law. laws.
Rule 9.01 – A lawyer shall not delegate to any unqualified person the performance of Original Bases of Legal Ethics:
any task which by law may only be performed by a member of the bar in good 1. Canons of Professional Ethics
standing. 2. Supreme court Decisions
Rule 9.02 – A lawyer shall not divide or stipulate to divide a fee for legal services with 3. Statistics
persons not licensed to practice law, except: 4. Constitution
1. a. Where there is a pre-existing agreement, with a partner or associate that , 5. Treatises and publications
upon the latter’s death, money shall be paid over a reasonable period of time to Present Basis of the Philippine Legal System: Code of Professional Responsibility.
his estate or to the persons specified in the agreement; or BAR V. BENCH
2. b. Where a lawyer undertakes to complete unfinished legal business of a BAR – Refers to the whole body of attorneys and body of judges.
deceased lawyer; or BENCH – denotes the whole body of counselors, collectively the members ofthe legal
3. c. Where a lawyer or law firm includes non-lawyer employees in a retirement profession.
plan, even if the plan is based in whole or in part of a profit sharing Practice of Law – any activity, in or out of court which requires the application of law,
arrangements. legal procedure, knowledge, training and experience. To engage in the practice of law
Lawyer shall not negotiate with the opposite party who is represented by a is to give notice or render any kind of service, which or devise or service requires the
counsel. Neither should lawyer attempt to interview the opposite party and use in any degree of legal knowledge or skill (Cayetano v. Monsod, 201 SCRA 210).
question him as to the facts of the case even if the adverse party is willing to do
Attorney-at-law/Counsel-at-law/Attorney/Counsel/ Abogado/Boceros: that class of
so.
persons who are licensed officers of the courts, empowered to appear prosecute and
Lawyer should deal only with counsel, even if there’s a fair agreement.
Lawyer may however interview any witness or prospective witness for the
defend and upon whom peculiar duties, responsibilities, and liabilities are developed
opposing side. Limitation: avoid influencing witness in recital and conduct. by law as a consequence (Cui v. Cui, 120 Phil. 729).
A lawyer must not take as partner or associate one who: Attorney in fact – an agent whose authority is strictly limited by the instrument
1. is not a lawyer appointing him, though he may do things not mentioned in his appointment
2. is disbarred necessary to the performance of the duties specifically required of him by the power
3. has been suspended from the practice of law of attorney appointing him, such authority being necessarily implied. He is not
4. foreign lawyer, unless licensed by the SC. necessarily a lawyer.
A lawyer cannot delegate his authority without client’s consent even to a Counsel de Oficio – a counsel, appointed or assigned by the court, from among
qualified person. members of the Bar in good standing who, by reason of their experience and ability,
may adequately defend the accused.
LEGAL ETHICS – is a branch of moral science, which treats of the duties which an
attorney owes to the court, to the client, to his colleagues in the profession and to
the public as embodied in the Constitution, Rules of Court, the Code of Professional
Note: In localities where members of the Bar are not available, the court may appoint (5) Promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional
any person, resident of the province and good repute for probity and ability, to rights, pleading, practice and procedure in all courts, the admission to the practice of
defend the accused. Sec. 7, Rule 116, Rules of Court. law, the Integrated Bar, and legal assistance to the under privileged.
Attorney ad hoc – a person named and appointed by the court to defend an absentee The Supreme Court acts through a Bar Examination Committee in the Exercise of his
defendant in the suit in which the appointment is made (Bienvenu v. Factor’s of judicial function to admit candidates to the legal profession.
Traders Insurance Cp., 33 La.Ann.209) The Bar Examination Committee:
Attorney of Record – one who has filed a notice of appearance and who hence is Composed of (1) member of the Supreme Court who acts as Chairman and
formally mentioned in court records as the official attorney of the party. Person eight (8) members of the bar.
whom the client has named as his agent upon whom service of papers may be made. The 8 members act as examiners for the 8 bar subjects with one subject
(Reynolds v. Reynolds, Cal.2d580). assigned to each.
The Bar Confidant acts as a sort of liason officer between the court and the Bar
Of Counsel – to distinguish them from attorneys of record, associate attorneys are
Chairman on the other hand, and the individual members of the committee on
referred to as “of counsel” (5 Am. Jur. 261).
the other. He is at the same time a deputy clerk of court.
Lead Counsel – The counsel on their side of a litigated action who is charged with the
Admission of examinees is always subject to the final approval of the court.
principal management and direction of a party’s case.
Practice of Law
House Counsel – Lawyer who acts as attorney for business though carried as an
The practice of law is a privilege granted only to those who possess the STRICT
employee of that business and not as an independent lawyer.
INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL QUALIFICATIONS required of lawyers who are
Bar Association – an association of members of the legal profession.
instruments in the effective and efficient administration of justice. (In Re: Argosino,
Advocate – The general and popular name for a lawyer who pleads on behalf of
1997).
someone else.
Requirements for admission to the Bar:
Barrister (England) – a person entitled to practice law as an advocate or counsel in 1. citizen of the Philippines
superior court. 2. at least 21 years old
Proctor (England) – Formerly, an attorney in the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts 3. of good moral character
whose duties and business correspond to those of an attorney at law or solicitor in 4. Philippine resident
Chancery. 5. Production before the supreme court satisfactory evidence of:
Titulo de Abogado – it means not mere possession of the academic degree of 1. good moral character
Bachelor of Laws but membership in the Bar after due admission thereto, qualifying 2. no charges against him, involving moral turpitude, have been filed or are
one for the practice of law. pending in any court in the Philippines.
Admission to the Practice of Law Requirement of Good Moral Character: a continuing requirement; good moral
The Supreme Court has the power to control and regulate the practice of law. Thus, character is not only a condition precedent for admission to the legal profession, but
the Constitution, under Article VIII, Sec. 5 (5) provides: it must also remain intact in order to maintain one’s good standing in that exclusive
Sec. 5. The Supreme Court shall have the following powers: and honored fraternity. (Tapucar vs. Tapucar, 1998)
Academic Requirements for Candidates:
1. a bachelor’s degree in arts and sciences (pre-law course) Public Officials who cannot engage in the private practice of Law in the Philippines:
2. a completed course in: 1. Judges and other officials as employees of the Supreme Court (Rule 148, Sec.
1. civil law 35, RRC).
2. commercial law 2. Officials and employees of the OSG (Ibid.)
3. remedial law 3. Government prosecutors (People v. Villanueva, 14 SCRA 109).
4. public international law 4. President, Vice-President, members of the cabinet, their deputies and
5. private international law assistants (Art. VIII Sec. 15, 1987 Constitution).
6. political law 5. Members of the Constitutional Commission (Art IX-A, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution)
7. labor and social legislation 6. Ombudsman and his deputies (Art. IX, Sec. 8 (2nd par), 1987 Constitution)
8. medial jurisprudence 7. All governors, city and municipal mayors (R.A. No. 7160, Sec. 90).
9. taxation 8. Those prohibited by special law
10. legal ethics Public Officials with Restrictions in the Practice of Law:
Non-lawyers who may be authorized to appear in court: 1. 1. No Senator as member of the House of Representative may personally
1. Cases before the MTC: Party to the litigation, in person OR through an agent appear as counsel before any court of justice as before the Electoral Tribunals,
or friend or appointed by him for that purpose (Sec. 34, Rule 138, RRC) as quasi-judicial and other administration bodies (Art. VI, Sec. 14, 1987
2. Before any other court: Party to the litigation, in person (Ibid.) Constitution).
3. Criminal case before the MTC in a locality where a duly licensed member of the 2. Under the Local Government Code (RA 7160, Sec. 91)Sanggunian members
Bar is not available: the judge may appoint a non-lawyer who is: may practice their professions provided that if they are members of the Bar,
1. resident of the province they shall not:
2. of good repute for probity and ability to aid the accused in his 1. appear as counsel before any court in any civil case wherein a local
defense (Rule 116, Sec. 7, RRC). government unit or any office, agency, or instrumentality of the
4. Legal Aid Program – A senior law student, who is enrolled in a recognized law government is the adverse party;
school’s clinical education program approved by the supreme Court may 2. appear as counsel in any criminal case wherein an officer or employee of
appear before any court without compensation, to represent indigent clients, the national or local government is accused of an offense committed in
accepted by the Legal Clinic of the law school. The student shall be under the relation to his office;
direct supervision and control of an IBP member duly accredited by the law 3. collect any fee for their appearance in administrative proceedings
school. involving the local government unit of which he is an official;
5. Under the Labor code, non-lawyers may appear before the NLRC or any Labor 4. use property and personnel of the government except when the
Arbiter, if Sanggunian member concerned is defending the interest of the
1. they represent themselves, or if government.
2. they represent their organization or members thereof (Art 222, PO 442, 3. Under RA 910, Sec. 1, as amended, a retired justice or judge receiving pension
as amended). from the government, cannot act as counsel in any civil case in which the
6. Under the Cadastral Act, a non-lawyer can represent a claimant before the Government, or any of its subdivision or agencies is the adverse party or in a
Cadastral Court (Act no. 2259, Sec. 9).
criminal case wherein an officer or employee of the Government is accused of 4. to employ, for the purpose of maintaining the causes confided to him, such
an offense in relation to his office. means only as are consistent with truth and honor, and never seek to mislead
Attorney’s Oath: the judge or any judicial officer by an artifice or false statement of fact or law;
“I, __________________, do solemnly swear that I will maintain allegiance to 5. to maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself, to preserve
the Republic of the Philippines; I will support its constitution and obey the laws as well the secrets of his client, and to accept no compensation in connection with his
as the legal orders of the duly constituted authorities therein; I will do no falsehood, client’s business except from him or with his knowledge and approval;
nor consent to the doing of any in court; I will not willingly nor wittingly promote or 6. to abstain from all offensive personality and to advance no fact prejudicial to
the honor or reputation of a party or witness, unless required by the justice of
sue any groundless, false or unlawful suit, or give aid nor consent to the same; I will
the cause with which he is charged;
delay no man for money or malice, and will conduct myself as a lawyer according to
7. not to encourage either the commencement or the continuance of an action or
the best of my knowledge and discretion, with all good fidelity as well to the court as proceeding, or delay any man’s cause for any corrupt motive or interest;
to my clients; and I impose upon myself this voluntary obligations without any mental 8. never to reject, for any consideration personal to himself, the cause of the
reservation or purpose of evasion. So help me God.” (Form 28, RRC) defenseless or oppressed;
Nature of Lawyer’s Oath 9. in the defense of a person accused of a crime, by all fair and honorable means,
The lawyer’s oath is not mere facile words, drift and hollow, but a sacred trust regardless of his personal opinion as to the guilt of the accused, to present
that must be upheld and kept inviolable. (Sebastian vs. Calis, 1999) every defense that the law permits, to the end that no person may be deprived
It is NOT a mere ceremony or formality for practicing law. Every lawyer should of life or liberty, but by due process of law.
at all times weigh his actions according to the sworn promises he made when Rule 1.01 – A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful
taking the lawyer’s oath. (In Re: Argosino, 1997, In Re: Arthur M. Cuevas, 1998). conduct.
Code of Professional Responsibility Conviction for crimes involving moral turpitude – a number of lawyers have
Chapter 1: been suspended or disbarred for conviction of crimes involving moral turpitude
Lawyer and Society such as:
CANON 1 – A lawyer shall uphold the constitution, obey the laws of the land and 1. estafa
promote respect for law and for legal processes 2. bribery
Duties of Attorneys: 3. murder
1. to maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and to support the 4. seduction
Constitution and obey the laws of the Philippines; 5. abduction
2. to observe and maintain the respect due to the courts of justice and judicial 6. smuggling
officers; 7. falsification of public documents
3. to counsel or maintain such actions or proceedings only as appear to him as Morality as understood in law – This is a human standard based on natural
just, and such defenses only as he believes to be honestly debatable under the moral law which is embodied in man’s conscience and which guides him to do
laws; good and avoid evil.
Moral Turpitude: any thing that is done contrary to justice, honesty, modesty
or good morals.
Immoral Conduct: that conduct which is willful, flagrant, or shameless and Barratry – offense of frequently exciting and stirring up quarrels and suits,
which shows a moral indifference to the opinion of the good and respectable either at law or otherwise; Lawyer’s act of fomenting suits among individuals
members of the community (Arciga vs. Maniwag, 106 SCRA 591). and offering his legal services to one of them.
Grossly Immoral Conduct: One that is so corrupt and false as to constitute a Ambulance Chasing – Act of chasing victims of accidents for the purpose of
criminal act or so unprincipled or disgraceful as to be reprehensible to a high talking to the said victims (or relatives) and offering his legal services for the
degree; it is a WILLFUL, FLAGRANT or SHAMELESS ACT which shows a MORAL filing of a case against the person(s) who caused the accident(s).
INDIFFERENCE to the opinion of respectable members of the community. CANON 2 – A lawyer shall make his legal services available in an efficient and
(Narag vs. Narag, 1998) convenient manner compatible with the independence, integrity and effectiveness of
Rule 1.02 – A lawyer shall not counsel or abet activities aimed at defiance of the law the profession.
or at lessening confidence in the legal system.
Rule 2.01 – A lawyer shall not reject, except for valid reasons, the cause of the
Rule 1.03 – A lawyer shall not, for any corrupt motive or interest, encourage any suit or
defenseless or oppressed.
proceeding or delay any man’s cause.
Rule 2.02 – In such a case, even if a lawyer does not accept a case, he shall not refuse
Rule 1.04 – A lawyer shall encourage his clients to avoid, end or settle the controversy
to render legal advise to the person concerned if only to the extent necessary to
if it will admit of a fair settlement.
If a lawyer finds that his client’s cause is defenseless, it is his burden/duty to
safeguard latter’s rights.
advise the latter to acquiesce and submit, rather than traverse the Rule 2.03 – a lawyer shall not do or permit to be done any act designed primarily to
incontrovertible. solicit legal business.
It is unprofessional for a lawyer to volunteer advice to bring a lawsuit, except in Primary characteristics which distinguish the legal profession from business;
rare cases where the blood, relationship or trust makes it his duty to do so. 1. duty of service, of which the emolument is a by product, and in which one may
Temper client’s propensity to litigate. attain the highest eminence without making such money;
Should not be an instigator of controversy but a mediator for concord and 2. a relation as an ‘officer of court’ to the administration of justice involving
conciliator for compromise. thorough sincerity, integrity and reliability;
The law violated need not be a penal law. “Moral Turpitude” – everything 3. a relation to clients in the highest degree of fiduciary;
which is done contrary to justice, honesty, modesty or good morals. 4. a relation to colleagues at the bar characterized by candor, fairness and
Give advice tending to impress upon the client and his undertaking exact unwillingness to resort to current business methods of advertising and
compliance with the strictest principles of moral law. encroachment on their practice or dealing with their clients.
Until a statute shall have been construed and interpreted by competent Defenseless – not in the position to defend themselves due to poverty,
adjudication, he is free and is entitled to advise as to its validity and as to what weakness, ignorance or other similar reasons.
he conscientiously believes to be its just meaning and extent. Oppressed – victims of acts of cruelty, unlawful exaction, domination or
A lawyer has the obligation not to encourage suits. This is so as to prevent excessive use of authority.
barratry and ambulance chasing. Rule on Advertisements
General Rule: No advertisements allowed. The most worthy and effective
advertisement possible is the establishment of a well-merited reputation for
professional capacity and fidelity to trust.
Lawyers may not advertise their services or expertise nor should not resort to indirect Valid Justification: relatives, co-lawyers, too poor
advertisements for professional employment, such as furnishing or inspiring CANON 3 – A lawyer in making known is legal services shall use only true, honest, fair
newspaper comments, or procuring his photograph to be published in connection dignified and objective information or statement of facts.
with causes in which the lawyer has been engaged or concerning the manner of their Rule 3.01 – A lawyer shall not use or permit the use of any false, fraudulent,
conduct, the magnitude of the interest involved, the importance of the lawyer’s misleading, deceptive, undignified, self-auditory or unfair statement or claim regarding
position, and all other self-laudation. his qualifications or legal services.
Violation of Rule 3.01 is unethical, whether done by him personally or through
Exceptions/ Permissible advertisements: another with his permission.
1. Reputable law lists, in a manner consistent with the standards of conduct Rule 3.02 – In the choice of a firm name, no false, misleading, or assumed name shall
imposed by the canons, of brief biographical and informative data, are allowed. be used. The continued use of the name of a deceased partner is permissible provided
2. Ordinary simple professional Card. It may contain only a statement of his name, that the firm indicates in all its communication that said partner is deceased.
the name of the law firm which he is connected with, address, telephone
Rule 3.03 – Where a partner accepts public office, he shall withdraw from the firm and
number and the special branch of law practiced.
his name shall be dropped from the firm name unless the law allows him to practice
3. A simple announcement of the opening of a law firm or of changes in the
partnership, associates, firm name or office address, being for the convenience law concurrently.
of the profession, is not objectionable. Rule 3.04 – A lawyer shall not pay or give anything of value to representatives of the
4. Advertisements or simple announcement of the existence of a lawyer or his law mass media in anticipation of, or in return for, publicity to attract legal business.
firm posted anywhere it is proper such as his place of business or residence It is unethical to use the name of a foreign firm.
except courtrooms and government buildings. Death of a partner does not extinguish attorney-client relationship with the law
5. Advertisements or announcement in any legal publication, including books, firm.
journals, and legal magazines. Negligence of a member in the law firm is negligence of the firm.
Rule 2.04 – A lawyer shall not charge rates lower than those customarily or prescribed, CANON 4 – A lawyer shall participate in the improvement of the legal system by
unless circumstances so warrant. initiating or supporting efforts in law reform and in the administration of justice.
A lawyer cannot delay the approval of a compromise agreement entered into Examples: Presenting position papers or resolutions for the introduction of
between parties, just because his attorney’s fees were not provided for in the pertinent bills in congress; Petitions with the Supreme Court for the
agreement. amendment of the Rules of Court.
Rule: A lawyer cannot compromise the case without client’s consent (special CANON 5 – A lawyer shall keep abreast of legal developments, participate in continuing
authority). Exception: Lawyer has exclusive management of the procedural legal education programs, support efforts to achieve high standards in law schools as
aspect of the litigation (e.g. Submission for decision on the evidence so far well as in the practical training of students and assist in disseminating information
presented. But in case where lawyer is confronted with an emergency and regarding the law and jurisprudence.
prompt/urgent action is necessary to protect clients interest and there’s no
opportunity for consultation, the lawyer may compromise. Objectives of integration of the Bar
Rule: Refrain from charging rates lower than the customary rates.
To elevate the standards of the legal profession
To improve the administration of justice Rule 6.03 – A lawyer shall not, after leaving government service, accept engagements
To enable the Bar to discharge its responsibility more effectively. or employment in connection with any matter in which he had intervened while in said
The three-fold obligation of a lawyer service.
First, he owes it to himself to continue improving his knowledge of the laws; Various ways a government lawyer leaves government service:
Second, he owes it to his profession to take an active interest in the 1. retirement
maintenance of high standards of legal education; 2. resignation
Third, he owes it to the lay public to make the law a part of their social 3. expiration of the term of office
consciousness. 4. dismissal
CANON 6 – These canons shall apply to lawyers in government service in the discharge 5. abandonment
of their official tasks. Q: What are the pertinent statutory provisions regarding this Rule?
Public Officials – include elective and appointive officials and employees,
permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, A: Sec. 3 (d) RA 3019 as amended and Sec. 7 (b), RA 6713
including military and police personnel, whether or not they receive
compensation, regardless of amount. (Sec. 3 (b), RA 6713). Sec 3. Corrupt practice of Public Officers. In addition to acts or omission of public
The law requires the observance of the following norms of conduct by every officers already penalized by existing law, the following shall constitute corrupt
public official in the discharge and execution of their official duties: practice of any public officer and are hereby declared to be unlawful:
1. commitment to public interest
2. professionalism (d) accepting or having any member of his family accept employment in a private
3. justness and sincerity enterprise which has pending official business with him during the pendency thereof
4. political neutrality or within one year after termination.
5. responsiveness to the public
6. nationalism and patriotism Section 7 (b) of RA 6713 prohibits officials from doing any of the following acts:
7. commitment to democracy
8. simple living (Sec. 4, RA 6713) 1. own, control, manage or accept employment as officer, employee, consultant,
Rule 6.01 – The primary duty of a lawyer engaged in public prosecution is not to counsel, broker, agent, trustee or nominee in any private enterprise regulated,
supervised or licensed by their office unless expressly allowed by law.
convict but to see that justice is done. The suppression of facts or the concealment of
witnesses capable of establishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible These prohibitions shall continue to apply for a period of one (1) year after
and is cause of disciplinary action. resignation, retirement, or separation from public office, except in the case of
Rule 6.02 – A lawyer in the government service shall not use his public position to subparagraph (b) (2) above, but the professional concerned cannot practice his
promote or advance his private interest, nor allow the latter to interfere with his public profession in connection with any matter before the office he used to be with, in
duties. which case the one year prohibition shall likewise apply.
Lawyers in the government service are prohibited to engage in the private
practice of their profession unless authorized by the constitution or law,
provided that such practice will not conflict or tend to conflict with their official
functions.
Misconduct in office as a public official may be a ground for disciplinary action
(if of such character as to affect his qualification as lawyer or to show moral
delinquency).
Should recommend the acquittal of the accused whose conviction is on appeal,
IF he finds no legal basis to sustain the conviction.
Includes restriction is representing conflicting interest (e.g. Accepting
engagements vs. former employer, PNB)
The OSG is not authorized to represent a public official at any state of a
criminal case.