You are on page 1of 3

CRIMINAL LAW I

I. General Principles of Criminal Law


A. Nature and definition
Ient v. Tullett Prebon, G.R. No. 189158, 11 January 2017

B. Characteristics of Criminal Law


1. General (Art. 2, RPC)
Minucher v. Scalzo, G.R. No. 142396, 11 February 2003
Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, 28 January 2000
2. Territorial (Art.2, RPC)
People v. Tulin, G.R. No. 111709, 30 August 2001, 364 SCRA 10
3. Prospective (Article 21 and 22, RPC)
a. Effects of repeal

C. Sources of Criminal Law


1. Revised Penal Code
2. Special Penal Laws

D. Constitutional Limitations on Criminal Law


1. Due process and Equal protection (Art. 3, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution)
White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, 20 January 2009
Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, 25 June 2013
2. Freedom of expression (Art. 3, Sec. 4, 1987 Constitution)
Guingguing v. People, G.R. No. 128959, 30 September 2005.
3. Freedom of religion (Art. 3, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution)
Estrada v. Escritor, AM No. P-02-1651, 22 Jun 2006, 492 SCRA 1
4. No excessive fines, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment. (Art.
3, Sec. 19, 1987 Constitution)
People v. Echagaray, 267 SCRA682
Corpuz v. People, G.R. No. 180016, 29 April 2014
5. Non-imprisonment for debt or non-payment of poll tax (Art. 3, Sec. 19,
1987 Constitution)
6. Bill of attainder (Art. 3, Sec. 22, 1987 Constitution)
People v. Ferrer, L-32613-14, 27 December 1972, 48 SCRA 382
7. Ex-post facto laws (Art. 3, Sec. 22, 1987 Constitution)
US v. Diaz Conde, L-18208, 14 February 1922

E. Construction and interpretation


1. Liberally in favour of the accused
2. Spanish text of the RPC prevails over the English text
People v. Abilong, L-1960, 26 November 1948.
3. Retroactive application when favourable to the accused
4. Prescribed but undeserved penalties (Art. 5, RPC)
People v. Formigones, L-3246, 29 November 1950

5. Suppletory application of RPC to Special Penal Laws (Art. 10, RPC)


Ladonga v. People, G.R. No. 141066, 17 February 2005
People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, 29 July 1994

II. General Principles of Criminal Liability


A. Felony, defined (Art. 3, RPC)
B. Elements of criminal liability

1. Physical element (Actus reus)


a. Act
b. Omission
People v. Sylvestre and Atienza, G.R. No. 35748,
14 December 1931, 56 Phil. 353
People v. Talingdan, L-32126, 6 July 1978, 84 SCRA 19

2. Mental element (Mens rea)


a. Deliberate intent (Dolo)
Manuel v. People, G.R. No. 165842, 29 November 2005

i. Elements of dolo
ii. General and specific intent
People v. Puno, G.R. No. 97471, 17 February 1993, 219 SCRA 85
People v. Delim, G.R. No. 142773, 28 January 2003

iii. Mistake of fact


US v. Ah Chong, G.R. No. 5272, 19 March 1910, 15 Phil. 488
People v. Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, 27 July 1943, 74 Phil. 257

iv. Malum prohibitum as exception to the requirement of mens rea


Padilla v. Dizon, AC No. 3086, 23 February 1988, 158 SCRA 127
Magno v. CA, G.R. No. 96132, 26 June 1992, 210 SCRA 475
Garcia v. CA, G.R. No. 157171, 14 March 2006, 484 SCRA 617

v. Intent distinguished from motive

b. Constructive intent (Culpa) Art. 3 and 365


i. Elements
ii. Imprudence or lack of skill
iii. Negligence or lack of foresight

People v. Pugay, L-74324, 17 November 1988, 167 SCRA 439


Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17 November 2010.

c. Transferred intent (Art. 4, par. 1)


i. Aberratio ictus
People v. Guillen, L-1477, 18 January 1950, 85 Phil. 307.
ii. Error in personae
People v. Sabalones, G.R. No. 123485, 31 August 1998,
294 SCRA 751
iii. Praeter intentionem
People vs. Albuquerque, G.R. No. 38773, 19 December 1933
59 Phil. 150
3. Concurrence
4. Resulting harm
5. Causation
Bataclan v. Medina, L-10126, 22 October 1957, 102 Phil. 181
People v. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, 26 November 1990
Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72964,
7 January 1988

C. Impossible Crimes (Art. 4, Par. 2)


Intod v. CA, G.R. No. 103119, 21 October 1992, 215 SCRA 52
People v. Saladino, L-3634, 30 May 1951, 89 Phil. 807
Jacinto v. People, G.R. No. 162540, 13 July 2009.

III. Stages of execution


A. Attempted Stage
B. Frustrated Stage
C. Consummated crimes
US v. Eduave, G.R. No. 12155, 2 February 1917, 36 Phil. 209
Rivera v. People, G.R. No. 166326, 25 January 2006, 480 SCRA 188
Baleros v. People, G.R. No. 138033, 22 February 2006, 483 SCRA 10

D. Stages of execution in relation to specific felonies


1. Theft
Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No. 160188, 21 June 2007

2. Illegal Trespass
People v. Lamahang, L-43530, 3 August 1935, 61 Phil. 703

3. Physical Injuries, Homicide, and Murder


People v. Borinaga, G.R. No. 33463, 18 Dec 1930, 55 Phil. 433
People v. Kalalo, G.R. No. 39303-05, 17 March 1934, 59 Phil. 715
People v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 79123-25, 9 Jan 1989, 169 SCRA 51
Martinez v. CA, G.R. No. 168827, 13 April 2007.
Mondragon v. People, L-17666, 30 June 1966, 17 SCRA 476
People v. Sy Pio, L-5848, 30 April 1954, 94 Phil. 885

4. Robbery
People v. Dio, L-36461, 29 June 1984, 130 SCRA 151
People v. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, 26 April 1990.

5. Rape
People v. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, 3 April 1990, 184 SCRA 105
People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, 30 March 2000

6. Arson
US v. Valdes, L-14128, 10 December 1918.

B. E. Conspiracy and proposals to commit a felony (Art. 8)

1. Conspiracy and proposal, when punished?


2. As a manner of incurring criminal liability.
People v. Aguilos, G.R. No. 121828, 27 June 2003

You might also like