Name : Boby Saputra

SRN : AAA 216 012

USE AND EXAMPLE OF MEDIA IN ELT

A. DEFINITION OF MEDIA

Media in "learning media" literally means intermediary or introduction, while the

word learning is defined as a condition created to make someone do something to learn

(Riana, 2007: 5). So the learning media is defined as a medium for channeling messages or

information to condition someone to learn. While in KBBI (2005: 726) education media is a

tool and materials used in the process of teaching or learning.

Learning media can be grouped as follows: (1) visual media, (2) audio media, (3)

display media, (4) real experience and simulation, (5) print media, (6) programmed media,

and (7) through computer or Computer Alded Instruction (CAI) (Klasek in Riana, 2007: 5-7).

Based on the above statement can be concluded media is a means or an intermediary

in conveying information from one person to another. The information in this case is the

concept of the lesson.

B. VISUAL MEDIA

Visual media is a medium that can be perceived by the sense of sight. In general the

media are grouped in several kinds (Riana, 2007: 5-14) including:

1. Visual media: that is, the only visible media.

2. Audio media: is a medium that can only be heard only.

3. Audio-visual media: ie media that can be viewed at once heard.

4. Multimedia: is a media that can present the elements of media in full

5. Media reality: ie all real media that exist in the natural environment.
 In general, visual media has a usefulness to overcome obstacles in communicating,

physical limitations in the classroom, and passive attitude of students and unify the

observation of children. Barriers arising from: (a) verbalism; dependence on the use of words

verbal to provide an explanation. (b) Disorder of interpretation; the same term can be

interpreted differently, and (c) branched attention. (Miarso, 1986: 256).

The visual media has the following advantages (a) generally cheap the price, (b) easy

to obtain, (c) easy to use, (d) can clarify a problem, (e) more realistically, (f) can help

overcome limitations observations, and (g) can overcome the limitations of space and time

(Authority 1991: 29).

From some opinions above can be concluded visual media is a media that can only be

seen and able to provide visual experience to students so as to overcome barriers in learning

and can foster interest in students by providing a relationship between the content of subject

matter with the real world.

C. FUNCTIONS OF MEDIA IN ELT

Teaching media is used in an effort to improve or enhance the quality of teaching and

learning process. Therefore, it should be noted the principles of its use include:

1. The use of instructional media should be viewed as an integral part of a teaching system

and not just as a tool that serves as an adjunct to use when deemed necessary and only

used at any time.

2. Teaching media should be viewed as a learning resource used in solving problems

encountered in teaching and learning.

3. Teachers should really master the techniques of a teaching medium used.

4. Teachers should take into account the advantages and disadvantages of using a teaching

medium.

5. The use of instructional media should be organized systematically not just any use.

6. If a subject requires more than media, then the teacher can take advantage of multi-media

that is profitable and facilitate the teaching-learning process and also can stimulate

students in learning.

Some general requirements that must be fulfilled in the utilization of teaching media, namely:

1. The teaching media used must be in accordance with the learning objectives that have

been set.

2. Teaching media is a media that can be seen or heard.

3. The teaching medium used can respond to student learning.

4. Teaching media should also be appropriate to the individual student's condition.

5. Media teaching is an intermediary (medium) in the learning process students.

The use of instructional media should consider the following:

1. Teachers should try to model or model the message (content of the lesson) delivered.

2. If the object to be exhibited is not possible to be brought into the class, then the class is

invited to the location of the object.

3. If the class is not possible to be taken to the location of the object, try to model or imitate.

4. Whenever the model or model is not obtained, try to draw pictures or photographs of

objects related to the subject matter.

5. If the image or photo is not obtained, then the teacher tries to make their own simple

media that can attract the attention of student learning.

 6. When a simple medium cannot be created by a teacher, use a whiteboard to illustrate the

object or message through a simple drawing with a circle line

Levie & Lentz (Arsyad, 2002: 16-17) suggests four functions of instructional media,

especially visual media, namely:

a. Attention Function

Visual media is the core that is attracting and directing the attention of

students to concentrate on the content of the lesson related to the visual meaning that

is displayed or accompanying the text of the subject matter

b. Affective Function

Visual media can be seen from the student's enjoyment level when learning

(or reading) the pictorial text.

c. Cognitive Function

Visual media is visible from the findings of researchers who reveal that visual

symbols or images achieve the goal to understand and remember the information or

messages contained in the image.

d. Compensatory Functions

Visual media serves to accommodate students who are weak and slow to

accept and understand the contents of the lessons are presented with text or presented

verbally.

D. BENEFITS OF MEDIA IN ELT

The benefits of learning media are:

1. Clarify the presentation of the message so as not to be very verbalistic (in the form of

written words or oral words).

2. Overcoming the limitations of space, time and sense power, such as:

a. Objects that are too large, can be replaced with reality, images, film frames, movies,

or models;

b. Small objects-assisted with a micro projector, film frame, film, or image;

c. Motion that is too slow or too fast, can be helped with time elapse or high-speed

photography;

d. Events or events that occurred in the past can be displayed again through recording

movies, video, film frames, photos or verbally;

e. Objects that are too complex (eg machines) can be presented with models, diagrams,

and others, and

f. The concept is too broad (volcanoes, earthquakes, climate, etc.) can be visualized in

the form of films, film frames, pictures, and others.

The use of educational media appropriately and varied can overcome the passive

attitude of students. In this case the educational media is useful for:

a. Bringing the excitement of learning;

b. Allows more direct interaction between students with the environment and reality;

c. Allow students to learn independently according to their abilities and interests.

Dale (1969: 180) suggests that audio-visual materials can provide many benefits as

long as teachers play an active role in the learning process. Teacher-student relationships

remain the most important element in today's modern education system. Teachers should

always be present to present course material with the help of any media so that the following

benefits can be realized:

1. Increasing mutual understanding and sympathy in the classroom;

 2. Significant change in student's past behavior;

3. Demonstrate the relationships between subjects and needs and ask students with

increased student learning motivation;

4. Bringing freshness and variety to the student learning experience;

5. Making learning outcomes is more meaningful for different students' abilities;

6. Encouraging the meaningful use of subjects by involving imagination and active

participation resulting in increased learning outcomes;

7. Provide the necessary feedback that can help students discover how much they have

learned;

8. Complementing the rich experience with that experience periodic concepts can be

developed;

9. Extend student insights and experiences that reflect nonverbal learning and make

appropriate generalizations;

10. Convince themselves that the sequence and clarity of the minds that students need if

they build meaningful conceptual structures and system ideas.

Sudjana and Rivai (1992: 2) suggest the benefits of learning media in the learning

process of students, namely:

1. Learning will attract more students so that they can grow learning motivation;

2. Learning materials will be more clear meaning that can be better understood by

students and enable them to master and achieve learning objectives;

3. Teaching methods will be more varied, not merely verbal communication through the

words by the teacher, so that students do not get bored and the teacher does not run out

of energy, especially if the teacher taught at every lesson;

 4. Students can learn more because they not only listen to the teacher's description but

also other activities such as observing, performing, demonstrating, playing, and others.

E. Types of Media

1. Traditional Media

In traditional learning, media used is single media or single media. The single

media here is the medium used in the learning process is only one tool and the only way.

Usually in traditional learning, the media used is the teacher itself. The point is, the slow

speed of a learning process depends on the teacher. Teachers are also a medium because

teachers are also a source of information for their students, and in this traditional

learning, all knowledge information obtained by students depends on the teacher.

2. Modern Media

While in modern learning, media used in the form of multimedia. Not only focus

on one media but also on some other media that can accelerate the achievement of

learning objectives. In today's multimedia age, students are not just dependent on

teachers alone. There are many media that students can use to support their learning

process. In addition to the book that holds most of the teachers, students can also access

information and knowledge from magazines, newspapers also from television and now

more frequently used is accessing information via the internet. There is a great deal of

knowledge that teachers may never have taught. Also in the classroom, teachers can not

only deliver the material either verbally or in writing.

However, the delivery of knowledge that will affect the speed of students in

understanding the knowledge conveyed can be done in various ways. With the

development of electronic media such as laptop and LCD projectors and various other
software can clarify and help teachers to deliver the material in detail. In addition, along

with the rapid development of information technology, the world of education is also

trying to adjust these developments. It was marked by the emergence of learning model

through internet technology called e-education or e-learning. That is the activity of

education or learning through electronic media, especially through internet network.

Concerning computer-based learning model and electronic-based learning which

is currently widely used in educational institutions.

a. Computer-based learning

Computer-based learning is a learning that uses computers as a tool. Through

this learning, teaching materials are presented through computer media so that the

teaching and learning process becomes more interesting and challenging for students.

In computer-based learning, students will interact and deal with computers

individually so that the experience experienced by students will be different from

what experienced by other students. According to Simon (in Wena, 2011: 203) there

are three models of computer-based learning material delivery, that is as the

following:

1) Exercise and practice

Students are given questions or problems to solve, then the computer will

respond to the answers given by the students.

2) Tutorial

The computer will present a complex learning design that contains

learning materials, exercises with feedback.

3) Simulation
 This learning model presents the learning with the simulation system

related to the material discussed.

b. Electronic-based learning

E-Learning is an innovative learning model that uses information technology.

Jaya Kumar C. Koran (2002) defines e-learning as a teaching and learning tool that

uses electronic circuits (LAN, WAN, or internet) to convey learning content,

interaction, or guidance. There are also those who interpret e-learning as a form of

distance education conducted through the internet media.

Differences in traditional learning with e-learning, the teacher is considered as

a person who knows and is assigned to channel knowledge to students. In e-learning

learning the main focus is on students. The e-learning learning atmosphere will 'force'

students to play a more active role in their learning (Suyanto, 2005).

Characteristics of e-learning include the following:

1) Utilizing the services of electronic technology; where teachers and students,

students and as students or teachers and fellow teachers can communicate

relatively easily without being constrained by the protocol.

2) Utilizing computer advantage (digital media and computer networks).

3) Using self-learning materials (self-learning materials) stored on the computer so

that it can be accessed by teachers and students anytime and anywhere if the

person needs it.

4) Utilize the learning schedule, curriculum, learning progress and matters relating to

the administration of education can be viewed at any time on the computer.

Therefore, always learning to balance the development of the times is very

important, because the times are more advanced and human thinking is also more

advanced.