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θ2
θ3 L2
ŷ
L3 L1 θ1
L4
x̂
θ4
Solution:
𝑁 = 4, 𝐽 = 4, 𝑚 = 3, 𝑓𝑖 = 1
∑
4
dof = 𝑚 (𝑁 − 1 − 𝐽 ) + 𝑓𝑖 = 3 (4 − 1 − 4) + 4 = 1
𝑖=1
(b) [3 marks] Express the C-space of the linkage in terms of the joint-wise C-spaces and the set of all
solutions to the loop-closure equations for the linkage.
Solution: ( 1 )
𝑆 × 𝑆1 × 𝑆1 × 𝑆1 ∩ = 𝑇 4 ∩ =