SunCoast Project Platypus Investigation Report

SUNCOAST POWER PROJECT
Platypus Investigation
PREPARED FOR ENERGEX

November 2015
SunCoast Power Project
Prepared for Energex
November 2015
ECOSMART ECOLOGY
48 Streeton Parade
Everton Park QLD 4053 Australia
Tel: +61 7 3162 1161

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COPYRIGHT: The concepts, information, photos, schedules, annexures

and/or appendices contained in this document are the property of EcoSmart
Ecology and subject to copyright pursuant to the Copyright Act 1968.
Reproduction, publication or communication of this document, in whole or in
part, without the written permission of EcoSmart Ecology constitutes an
infringement of copyright.
INTENDED USE: EcoSmart Ecology has prepared this report at the request of
Energex. Information and recommendations contain herein are purpose and
project specific and EcoSmart Ecology accepts no liability for the use or
interpretation of any information contained in this report for any other
purposes other than intended.
The report should be read in its entirety. No responsibility is accepted for

portions of text taken out of context. This report does not provide legal
advice. Legal advice should only be sort from qualified practitioners.
Name of Project: SunCoast Power Project

Project Number: ENX_1301
Project Manager: Mark Sanders
Document Author(s): Mark Sanders, Angus McNab

Name of Document: Platypus Investigation
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Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page ii

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................. 1
2.0 PLATYPUS (ORNITHORHYNCHUS ANATINUS).................................................... 2
3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 4

3.1 DESKTOP ASSESSMENT AND BACKGROUND SOURCES ..................................................... 4
3.2 LANDHOLDER LIAISON ..................................................................................................... 4
3.3 PLATYPUS FIELD SURVEY ................................................................................................ 5
3.3.1 Site Selection ......................................................................................................................... 5
3.3.2 Platypus Survey Methods ...................................................................................................... 5
3.3.3 Habitat Assessment ................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.4 Survey timing and conditions ................................................................................................ 8
4.0 SURVEY RESULTS: PLATYPUS VALUES .............................................................. 9

4.1 PLATYPUS ........................................................................................................................ 9
4.1.1 Platypus - 2 RP219843 .......................................................................................................... 9
4.1.2 Platypus - 2 RP100852 .......................................................................................................... 9
4.1.3 Platypus - 5 SP16983/2 RP70991 ........................................................................................ 11
4.1.4 Platypus – Old Maroochydore Road .................................................................................... 11
4.2 PLATYPUS HABITATS ..................................................................................................... 11
5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 13
6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 14
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FIGURES
Figure 3.1. Property access along the proposed powerline easement ....................................................................... 6
Figure 3.2. Sections of Eudlo Creek subject sit-and-wait watches and camera trap locations ................................... 7
Figure 4.1. Platypus sightings and comparative creek suitability ............................................................................. 10
TABLES
Table 1.1. Study team and qualifications................................................................................................................... 1
Table 3.1. Databases sources .................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 3.2. Eudlo Creek Platypus habitat assessment ................................................................................................. 8
Table 4.1. Location of Platypus observation .............................................................................................................. 9
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

During the EIS for the proposed SunCoast Power Project, which will see the construction of a new 132
kV transmission line from Palmwoods to west Maroochydore, Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
were recorded within sections of Eudlo Creek, Chevallum (Energex, 2008). Additional flora and fauna
assessments undertaken in 2010 again recorded Platypus within the Eudlo Creek catchment (GHD
2010). Although not listed as a threatened under the state Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NCA) or
federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), Platypus is listed as
culturally significant (NCA) and is recognised as a charismatic Australian species that is considered
important by the general public. In consideration of public concern regarding the welfare of the Eudlo
Creek Platypus population, Energex has contracted EcoSmart Ecology to undertake targeted surveys
to determine Platypus distribution. As such, this work is aimed at detecting Platypus and providing a
habitat assessment; no further assessment of population size, burrow location or potential impacts on
the species have been undertaken.
This report provides a brief dossier of the Platypus and its ecology, as well as providing information on
the field survey team, survey methodology and survey results.
The primary focus of the study has been to characterise the local population of Platypus, other
vertebrates were noted during the work, but were not targeted and are not considered in this report.
Vertebrates observed during the surveys are documented in Appendix A.
Study Team and Qualifications
Consistent with Eyre et al. (2014), Table 1.1 below outlines the study team, their qualifications and
respective tasks.
Table 1.1. Study team and qualifications

Personnel Qualifications Experience Tasks
Mark Sanders BSc (hons) 15+ years Field surveys, report preparation, data
analysis, project management
Angus McNab MSc 7+ years Field surveys, report preparation
Stephen Kolomyjec PhD 7+ years Expert liaison/advice/input
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2.0 PLATYPUS (ORNITHOR HYNCHUS ANATINUS )

Status: NCA - Special Least Concern; EPBC - Least Concern
Distribution and Habitat: While
Platypus can be locally common and are
widespread, they are rarely throughout
their range which extends along Australia’s
east coast from Cooktown in North
Queensland, to Victoria and throughout
Tasmania (Menkhorst and Knight 2007;
Woinarski et al. 2012). Platypus are
presumed to have gone extinct in
mainland South Australia (Woinarksi et al.
2012).
Platypus inhabit freshwater river systems
across a gradient of habitats, altitudes and
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from Yungaburra,
temperatures from the tropical North
Nth QLD. (photo M.Sanders)
Queensland lowlands and into alpine
streams of New South Wales (Carrick et al
2008). In addition to inhabiting natural streams and suitable freshwater bodies, they can occur in
shallow artificial dams and water storage lakes, particularly where these are in proximity to natural
habitats. Waterways which are naturally productive, with a high abundance of invertebrate prey are
most likely to support Platypus (Woinarski et al 2012).
Ecology: Platypus are unique amongst mammals worldwide as they are egg laying, aquatic,
venomous, and uses mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors (Woinarski et al 2012), traits considered
rare in mammals. Prey, which includes a variety of larval and adult aquatic invertebrates (Scheich et al
1986), are not located by sight, but rather using pressure and electroreceptors in their bill, often while
it is used to sift and disturb benthic substrata (Carrick et al 2008). Prey is stored in cheek pouches
whilst foraging underwater and eaten when floating on the water’s surface.
Although a relatively solitary species, multiple individuals can reside within small water bodies such as
dams. Adults can travel at least three kilometres in a single activity period in search of resources
(Serena et al. 2001). While most activity occurs in low light conditions, particularly around dusk and
dawn, sometimes individuals can be observed foraging throughout the day (Carrick et al 2008).
Activity patterns vary depending on day length, locality, water and air temperatures, stream
productivity and disturbance (Kolomyjec Pers. Comm).
Platypus construct burrows in steep banks of creeks and rivers, preferring areas with a well-established
riparian zone. Burrow entrances are positioned just above the water line and are usually concealed
behind vegetation or debris. Breeding females construct a more elaborate burrow that can be up to 30
m long, include earth plugs at intervals, and terminating in a chamber containing a nest of herbage
collected from the stream environment and riparian habitats (Carrick et al 2008).
Latitudinal gradients are highly influential on Platypus morphology. Individuals are much larger in the
southern portion of their range (Tasmania) and decrease in size the further north (Queensland) they
occur. The breeding season starts earlier in northern latitudes (late July-August) and can be over a
month later in Tasmania (Carrick et al 2008). Two offspring are usually laid in eggs, hatching after 10
days, young feed by licking milk patches from the abdominal surface of their mother for up to four
months (Carrick et al 2008).

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Threats: Platypus rely on healthy productive freshwater systems, with overhanging banks and ample
freshwater invertebrates, making them highly susceptible to changes in water quality. Alterations to
stream flow, decreases in water quality and ecosystem health can quickly reduce the suitability of
streams for Platypus (Woinarski et al 2012). Impacts upstream can cause significant threats to habitat
suitability away from the area of impact.
Threats to Platypus are diverse and include construction works, (e.g. dams, weirs and culverts),
forestry, mining and industrial activities (land clearing, soil erosion), farming practices (herbicides and
pesticides, land clearing, soil erosion, introduced herbivores), pollution (discharge of stormwater and
drainage systems), mortality associated with fishing (rope, barbed and non-barbed wire, fishing line,
fishing hooks, fishing nets), introduced pests (i.e. foxes and domestic dogs), disease (murcorycosis,
Tasmania only) and road mortality (Woinarski et al. 2012).

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3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY
3.1 Desktop Assessment and Background Sources

Prior to undertaking field investigations, data sources were reviewed in order to gain an insight into
the presence of Platypus within the local area. Previous reports (Energex 2008; GHD 2010) detail
survey works done for the SunCoast Power Project, however, these contain little information on
Platypus. Available existing information therefore relies heavily on publically available databases (see
Table 3.1). Each inspected database has inherent limitations that must be considered during data
analysis.
Table 3.1. Databases sources

Source Notes Abbreviation Buffer
DEHP Moderately reliable observations. Geographic WN 50km
WetlandMaps co-ordinates available.
EPBC Protected Predictive only. Of limited use for vertebrates. EPBC Online 25km
Matters search tool Reflects the location of the search area in
respect to the species known distribution rather
than actual observations.
Australian Living Based largely on museum collections and ALA 50km
Atlas therefore reliable. However can include records
without dates (which are often very old
records).
EcoSmart Ecology Observations only. Geographic co-ordinates ESE 50km
database available. Dataset compiled from field surveys in
which EcoSmart Ecology personnel have
participated. These include surveys conducted
in conjunction with DERM and private surveys
conducted by EcoSmart Ecology.
In addition to providing evidence of Platypus occurrence, compiling the databases provides an estimate
of recorded frequency for Platypus in the local area. This may later assist in evaluating the likelihood
of Platypus occurring within the Project site.
Once compiled the desktop database was plotted using ArcGIS (where coordinates were available) in
order to spatially represent known Platypus locations.
3.2 Landholder Liaison

Prior to undertaking targeted field works, EcoSmart Ecology used aerial photography and the Digital
Cadastral Database (DCDB) to identify properties abutting relevant sections of Eudlo Creek. Often
properties on either side of the creek were identified, though in some locations only one adjacent
property was considered.
Once selected, landholders were initially contacted by mail, which included a short survey to allow
landholders to provide feedback to EcoSmart Ecology about historic, current, or possible Platypus
sightings and values within proximity to their properties. Those properties which were identified for
further investigation are shown in Figure 3.1.
Closer to the time survey, landholders were contacted by phone to discuss their local Platypus
knowledge and to gain permission to access Eudlo Creek through their property. Messages were left

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with those landholders initially not available; a process which was repeated on two further occasions
after which, if unsuccessful, no further attempt was made. No property was accessed without explicit
landholder permission. Access permission was again reaffirmed with most landholders the day prior to
survey and many landholders met to discuss Platypus and provide a guided walk around their property.
After assessment of the properties, sites were selected for further watching and assessment as
outlined in Section 3.3.1.
3.3 Platypus Field Survey

Surveys were undertaken under QPWS license WISP06137309 and Animal Ethic License CA
2012/07/624. There are currently no state or federal guidelines for surveying for Platypus, though
field survey methods were generally consistent with those used by the Australian Platypus
Conservancy and include methods used for Platypus scientific research (Herrin 2009) (see Section
3.3.2). Targeted Platypus surveys were undertaken between 16/09/15-20/09/15, inclusive.
3.3.1 Site Selection

Prior to establishing survey sites, background data and data from landholders was collated to provide
insights as to where Platypus have previously been recorded. This data was used in conjunction with
Google earth imaging and a visual assessment of creek flow, vegetation, and other natural features on
individual landholder properties to identify those locations which have the most suitable habitat for
Platypus. Most of Eudlo Creek between Lot 3 RP154277 and Maroochydore Road was visually
assessed, though some sections downstream of Maroochydore Road and upstream of Chavellum Road
were less intensively accessed due to access constraints (see Figure 3.1).
Based on existing information and the above habitat assessment, 12 sites were selected for targeted
site-and-wait observation and nine for camera trapping. The location of survey sites and camera traps
with respect to Eudlo Creek is provided in Figure 3.2.
3.3.2 Platypus Survey Methods

Platypus were sampled using a variety of Platypus survey techniques including observation surveys and
remote sensing (camera trapping). All sampling techniques were developed in conjunction with
Platypus expert Dr. Stephen Kolomyjec and are generally consistent with recommendations of the
Australian Platypus Conservancy.
Sit-and-wait Observation
While the field team took careful observations along Eudlo Creek throughout landholder liaison and
inspections for any signs of Platypus activity, targeted sit-and-wait watches were undertaken during
the early morning (e.g., 6-10 am) and late afternoon (e.g. 2-6 pm) when Platypus activity peaks
(Carrick et al 2008). Twelve sections of stream (Figure 3.2) were watched for a minimum of two hours
each, with larger lengths being slowly walked. Pools and deeper sections of water watched for longer
periods than less suitable shallow (<~20cm) riffle zones. One section of creekline bordering Lot 2
RP219843 was watched on two occasions (i.e., a total of 4 hrs) as habitat in this area looked promising
and there was strong suggestions from landholders that Platypus have been seen in this section of
creek.
Each time a Platypus was observed the location (GPS), the number of individuals and notes on
behaviour (feeding, basking etc.) was recorded. Photographs of known and potentially suitable habitat
were taken.

±
2 SP194361
4 RP127114
6 RP234117
2 RP100852
5 SP169832 RP70991
2
4 SP105547
2 RP219843
2 RP211637
18 RP845421
7 RP163058 7 RP27914
1 RP159787
3 RP52570
1 RP213261
20 RP230944
8 RP149454
Legend
No Access
Access
3 RP154277
Proposed Easement
Figure 3.1 Scale:

Property access along the proposed powerline easement 1:43,130
0 0.5 1 2 3
Client: Energex Project: Eudlo Creek Platypus Investigation Kilometers
± Eu
dl
o
F la
ts
R
d
Rd
e e
Bru c
or
yd
ch
e
oo
ar
Hig h
M
w ay
Nambour Con
nection Rd
#
#
##
# #
# Cha vellu
m Rd
Legend
# Camera trap
Creekline
Sit-and-wait observations
Figure 3.2 Scale:

Sections of Eudlo Creek subject sit-and-wait watches 1:43,130
and camera trap locations
0 0.5 1 2 3
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Remote Sensors Cameras
Remote sensor cameras (Reconyx HC600 and Bushnell Trophy Cams) were experimentally used in this
survey. The use of remote cameras for Platypus detection is not common and although detection
rates were likely to be very low (Herrin 2009), this method was used in an attempt to improve
Platypus detection.
Camera traps were deployed for three nights at seven locations, and two nights at two locations. This
resulted in nine sites being camera trapped; a total camera trap effort of twenty-five trap nights.
Cameras were focused on sections of stream that appeared highly suitable for Platypus.
3.3.3 Habitat Assessment

Habitat assessment along the length of the creek was determined by comparing ecological
requirements of Platypus, e.g., steep/undercut banks, sandy soils, overhanging vegetation, aquatic
invertebrates (prey), water availability and quality etc. to observed habitat characteristics. Sections of
creek were then assigned a relative value (see Table 3.2) based on these perceived characteristics.
A key factor in considering habitat value is the presence of deeper pools with permanent water, which
will allow individuals to foraging even during periods of drought. Some caution therefore should be
applied to our mapping as the presence of permanent water has been inferred from landholder liaison
and the overall appearance of stream characteristics rather than verified stream data. While poor
sections of stream may not be permanently inhabitable throughout all conditions, some could be
temporarily inhabited or used as movement corridors to larger areas of suitable habitat.
Table 3.2. Eudlo Creek Platypus habitat assessment

Suitability Reason
Good Sections dominated by deeper pools with steep undercut banks, overhanging
vegetation and flowing water. Water is known, or likely, to be permanent. These areas
are considered likely to be frequented by Platypus.
Average A mix of deeper pools and stretches of shallow water (<0.5m). Some pools of water
may be semi-permanent, possibly drying during severe drought. Undercut banks and
overhanging vegetation is frequent, though water quality may be murky. Platypus
should not be excluded from these areas, though the likelihood that they could occur is
lower than in ‘good’ habitat. These sections may not permanently support Platypus
through periods of prolonged drought.
Poor Sections with shallow water; widely separated or no deep pools. Water flow is likely to
be less frequent, possibly drying on a regular basis. Undercut banks and overhanging
vegetation is infrequent. Poor sections are unlikely to permanently support Platypus
but may provide access between good and average quality habitat.
Unknown Sections of creek that were not surveyed due to access constraints.
Saline Section of creek with a saline influence. Platypus are not known to occur in saline
water.
3.3.4 Survey timing and conditions

The Platypus survey was undertaken from the 16/09/15-20/09/15 (inclusive). Conditions during the
surveying period were suitable for Platypus detection with calm, cool days and overcast nights.
Temperatures ranged from 12.9-28.3°C. A small amount of rain fell during the surveys (10.6 mm),
having no noticeable effect on water colour or turbidity. The rainfall is not thought to have impacted
on the likelihood of detecting Platypus.

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4.0 SURVEY RESULTS: PLATYPUS VALUES
4.1 Platypus
Platypus were located at four locations along Eudlo Creek (Table 4.1 and Figure 4.1). While one
individual was observed on two separate occasions, once during the day, all observed Platypus was
detected during either the morning or evening sit-and-wait observations. None were recorded on the
IR cameras. Despite there being average to good habitats upstream (~2.5km) of Bruce Highway, all
observations were recorded downstream except one, located approximately 100-150m upstream from
the highway. With the exception of one record downstream of Maroochydore Road, all our records
coincided with previous documented observations. A description of all Platypus observations and
locations is provided in Sections 4.1.1 to 4.1.4 below.
Table 4.1. Location of Platypus observation

Date Property Description Latitude Longitude Location#
17th Sept 2 RP219843 -26.68275 153.00088 1
th
16 Sept 2 RP100852 -26.67496 153.01288 2
th
16 Sept 5 SP16983/2 RP70991 -26.67688 153.00905 3
19th Sept Council reserve off Old Maroochydore Rd -26.66566 153.01134 4
#
As illustrated in Figure 4.1
4.1.1 Platypus - 2 RP219843

On the 17th Sept during the morning watch a single Platypus was observed foraging along the banks of
a large strait and deep section of creek immediately upstream of the Bruce Highway. The individual
was observed foraging over a 30 minute period along a 100m stretch of creek line before
disappearing. The Platypus seemed oblivious to the observer, at one time foraging within a distance
of little more than 1-2 meters. While the individual was clearly recognisable, it kept mostly to the
creek edge where reeds and stream vegetation obscured clear view. This location is consistent with
observations documented in Powerline EIS (Energex 2008) as ‘site 21’.
The creek at this location includes a deep, long and comparatively wide body of water and it is possible
that individuals spend the majority of their foraging time constrained to this area. Based on the size of
this waterbody, we expect water to be permanent. It represents the most upstream confirmed
Platypus record during our surveys.
4.1.2 Platypus - 2 RP100852

Initially observed during the day while discussing Platypus values with the landholder, and again
observed on the same day (16th Sept) in the same area during the dusk sit-and-wait. During the dusk
sit-and-wait the individual was observed moving through a very shallow section of stream between two
deeper pools. It is presumed this was the same individual observed earlier in the day. Platypus have
been previously noted from this property at this location.
The section of creek line where the Platypus was observed includes a series of sharp ‘switchbacks’
where the scouring process of water has created deeper pools. These pools are separated by short
stretches of shallow (<~0.4m) riffles. Individuals are likely to move between these pools (as
observed) frequently while foraging. Based on landholder discussion most of these deeper pools are
likely to be permanent.

±
Rd
s
at
Fl
o
dl
Eu
Mar oo ch yd
o re e Rd
Bru c
4
!
e
Hig h
w ay
Nambour Con
nection Rd
2
!!
3
!
1
!
Cha vellu
m Rd
Legend
! Platypus sighting (location number)
Good
Average
Poor
Unknown
Saline
Numbers correspond to locations provided in Table 4.1
Figure 4.1 Scale:

Platypus sightings and comparative creek suitability 1:43,130
0 0.5 1 2 3
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4.1.3 Platypus - 5 SP16983/2 RP70991

Briefly observed on the 16th Sept during the afternoon sit-and-wait; after an observation the individual
quickly disappeared from view and was no longer seen. Local landholders indicate that Platypus are
regularly observed here, and Platypus video from this area has been posted to the internet. The
presence of Platypus at this location has been documented within Powerline Project EIS (Energex
2008) as sites ‘23’ and ‘25’.
At this location on Eudlo Creek the stream includes a number of ‘switchbacks’ with deeper pools,
abundant fallen logs, undercut banks and good riparian habitat. Larger pools of water separated by
short shallow sections are located upstream and downstream of the observation. Discussion with the
local landholders indicates that water is largely permanent in these deeper pools. Individuals are likely
to move through shallower sections to the larger pools for foraging.
4.1.4 Platypus – Old Maroochydore Road

Following a tip from a local landholder, creek line running through council reserve outside our main
area of interest was accessed from the old Maroochydore Road corridor on the 19th Sept. Here one
individual was observed during the evening sit-and-wait as it swam upstream, climbing over fallen logs
on the way, before foraging in a large pool of water on a sharp bend.
To our knowledge Platypus have not been directly recorded in this section of Eudlo Creek, though
habitat here is perhaps amongst the best encountered with many close or interconnected deep pools,
undercut banks, abundant fallen trees, and clear flowing water. The Riparian vegetation in this area
was also in very good condition. We would expect that more Platypus would be located along this
section of creek with further survey effort.
4.2 Platypus Habitats

The suitability of Eudlo Creek for Platypus varies along its length, but generally improves downstream
along its gradient (Figure 4.1). Unfortunately a number of landholders were either uncontactable, or
did not allow access to properties upstream of Chavellum Road. However we were able to inspect
stream condition and characteristics at a number of locations, including where it crossed public roads.
These inspections, coupled with aerial photography, suggests that the upper stretches of Eudlo Creek
is, on balance, narrow, dominated by shallow riffle zones, lacks overhanging banks and vegetation,
and is most likely to dry during prolonged drought. The landholder of Lot 3 RP 154277 noted that on
his property the stream has become heavily silted leading to a reduction in the number of deep pools,
and is more likely to dry during drought. These factors suggest that it is unlikely that Platypus are
resident upstream of Chavellum Road.
A notable increase in the frequency of deep pools and therefore habitat value, occurs around the
Chavellum Road Crossing. This change is marked by a large deeper section of stream on the west
branch of Eudlo Creek which extends upstream from the Chevallum Road for a short distance (starting
near Lot 1, RP213261), but some considerable distance downstream (>100m). Some landholders
have indicated that Platypus were historically known from this pool (c.a. early 1990’s), but are unware
of recent observations. We also failed to locate any Platypus in this pool.
Our surveys located only one Platypus in the section of Eudlo creek between the Bruce Highway and
Chavellum Road - in a large pool to the immediate west of the Bruce Highway (near Lot 18,
RP845421). However sections of both average and good habitat occur along this section of the
catchment. Landholders from Lot 2 RP219843 report recent Platypus sightings a further ~500m
upstream of our observations. If necessary for planning or conservation purposes, further work would
be required between the Chavellum Road crossing and the Bruce Highway to confirm and characterise

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the extent of Platypus in this section of the catchment as one-off surveys can overlook shy taxa (Eyre
et al 2014).
Long sections of Platypus habitat extend downstream of the Bruce Highway to Eudlo Flats Road,
particularly downstream of Maroochydore Road. We would expect Platypus to be present throughout
this section of the catchment.
The value of habitats further downstream of Eudlo Flats road is unclear as we did not seek property
access due to its deviation from Energex’s area of interest. Aerial photography and on-ground
inspection off Eudlo Flats road suggest the creek alignment may have been altered. This may not
necessarily exclude Platypus if deep pools suitable for foraging are present, however at some point
Platypus will no long occur due to saline intrusion.

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5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Our work has confirmed previous reports of Platypus within Eudlo Creek. Four Platypus were
observed, all located in close proximity to (~300m upstream) or downstream of the Bruce Highway.
Habitat assessment and these records suggest that values for Platypus along Eudlo Creek could be
broadly segregated into three sections:
• Upstream of Chavellum crossing where Platypus values are, on balance, low and there is little
confirmed or anecdotal evidence of Platypus records. It seems unlikely that Platypus will be
resident through this section of the catchment.
• Between Chavellum Road and Lot 18 RP 845421 (~300m upstream of the Bruce Highway). We
failed to locate Platypus along this section of stream, and none were noted in previous studies
(e.g., Energex 2008). However recent landholder observations suggest some individuals may be
present. While there are deep pools, these are separated by shallow water and it remains unclear
if there is sufficient habitat during drought to support the species. Anecdotal evidence suggests
Platypus were once present along the upper reaches of this section, but may have declined in
recent decades. If understanding of the species distribution is required, this section of stream
should be the main area of focus.
• Downstream of Lot 18 RP 845421 where there are numerous confirmed and well documented
Platypus sightings. Historic records of Platypus and the likelihood that permanent water is
present even during drought suggest this section of the catchment supports a permanent Platypus
population.

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6.0 REFERENCES
Eyre, T.J., Ferguson, D.J., Hourigan, C.L., Smith, G.C., Mathieson, M.T., Kelly, A.L., Venz,
M.F., Hogan, L.D., Rowland, J. (2014). Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Monitoring Assessment
Guidelines for Queensland. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the
Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane.
Energex (2008). Report on SunCoast Power Project: Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). April
2008.
GHD (2010). Report for SunCoast Power Flora and Fauna Assessment of Lots 7 RP27914 and 2
RP219843. Report for Energex.
Herrin, R.O. (2009) Distribution and individual characteristics of the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus
anatinus) in the Plenty River, Southeast Tasmania. Msc Thesis. Lund University.
Menkhorst, P.W., Knight, F. (2007). A field guide to the mammals of Australia. Oxford University
Press, Melbourne.
Scheich, H., Langner, G., Tidemann, C., Coles, R.B., Guppy, A. (1986). Electroreception and
electrolocation in Platypus. Nature. Vol 319. Pp 401-402
Serena, M., Worley, M., Swinnerton, M., Williams, G.A. (2001). Effect of food availability and
habitat on the distribution of Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) foraging activity, Australian
Journal of Zoology, 2001, 49, 263–277.
Carrick, F. N., Grant, T. R., and Temple-Smith, P. D. (2008). Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
In Van Dyck, S., and Strahan, R. The Mammals of Australia. New Holland Publishers, Sydney.

Appendix A:
Recorded Vertebrate Species
Energex
AMPHIBIANS N=5
FAMILY Status*
Scientific Name Common Name NCA EPBC
HYLIDAE
Litoria peronii Emerald Spotted Treefrog LC
Litoria fallax Eastern Sedgefrog LC
Litoria gracilenta Graceful Treefrog LC
LIMNODYNASTES
Adelotus brevis Tusked Frog VUL
BUFONIDAE
Rhinella marina Cane Toad I
*Species listings under EPBC Act and NC Act, LC = Least Concern, VUL = Vulnerable, I = Introduced
REPTILES N=5
FAMILY Status*
CHELIDAE
Emydura macquarii krefftii Krefft's River Turtle LC
AGAMIDAE
Intellagama lesueurii Eastern Water Dragon LC
VARANIDAE
Varanus varius Lace Monitor LC
COLUBRIDAE
Tropidonophis mairii Freshwater Snake LC
Dendrelaphis punctulatus Green Tree Snake LC
*Species listings under EPBC Act and NC Act, LC = Least Concern
Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page A1

Energex
BIRDS N = 72
FAMILY Status*
MEGAPODIIDAE
Alectura lathami Australian Brush-turkey LC
ANATIDAE
Anas platyrhynchos Northern Mallard I
Cygnus atratus Black Swan LC
COLUMBRIDAE
Macropygia amboinensis Brown Cuckoo-Dove LC
Ocyphaps lophotes Crested Pigeon LC
Geopelia striata Peaceful Dove LC
Chalcophaps indica Emerald Dove LC
Columba leucomela White-Headed Pigeon LC
Geopelia humeralis Bar-Shouldered Dove LC
PELICANIDAE
Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian Pelican LC
ANHINGIDAE
Anhinga novaehollandiae Australasian Darter LC
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Microcarbo melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant LC
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black Cormorant LC
Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant LC
ARDEIDAE
Ardea modesta Eastern Great Egret LC Mig
Ardea ibis Cattle Egret LC
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Threskiornis molucca Australian White Ibis LC
ACCIPITRIDAE
Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite LC
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-Bellied Sea-Eagle LC
Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk LC
CHARADRIIDAE
Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen LC
Gallinula tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen LC
Fulica atra Eurasian Coot LC
CHARADRIIDAE
Vanellus miles Masked Lapwing LC
CACATUIDAE
Calyptorhynchus funereus Yellow-Tailed Black-Cockatoo LC
Eolophus roseicapillus Galah LC

Energex
FAMILY Status*
PSITTACIDAE
Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus Rainbow Lorikeet LC
CUCULIDAE
Eudynamys orientalis Eastern Koel LC
Chalcites lucidus Shining Bronze-Cuckoo LC
Cacomantis flabelliformis Fan-Tailed Cuckoo LC
ALCEDINIDAE
Ceyx azureus Azure Kingfisher LC
HALCYONIDAE
Todiramphus macleayii Forest Kingfisher LC
Todiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher LC
Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra LC
MEROPIDAE
Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater LC Mig
CLIMACTERIDAE
Cormobates leucophaea White-Throated Treecreeper LC
PTILONORHYNCIDAE
Ailuroedus crassirostris Green Catbird LC
MALURIDAE
Malurus melanocephalus Red-backed Fairy-wren LC
ACANTHIZIDAE
Sericornis frontalis White-Browed Scrubwren LC
Gerygone albogularis White-Throated Gerygone LC
Gerygone mouki Brown Gerygone LC
Acanthiza pusilla Brown Thornbill LC
PARDALOTIDAE
Pardalotus striatus Striated Pardalote LC
MELIPHAGIDAE
Myzomela sanguinolenta Scarlet Honeyeater LC
Philemon citreogularis Little Friarbird LC
Philemon corniculatus Noisy Friarbird LC
Manorina melanocephala Noisy Miner LC
Meliphaga lewinii Lewin's Honeyeater LC
NEOSITTIDAE
Daphoenositta chrysoptera Varied Sittella LC
POMATOSTOMIDAE
Pomatostomus temporalis Grey-crowned Babbler LC
PSOPHODIDAE
Psophodes olivaceus Eastern Whipbird LC

Energex
FAMILY Status*
CAMPEPHAGIDAE
Coracina novaehollandiae Black-Faced Cuckoo-Shrike LC
Coracina papuensis White-Bellied Cuckoo-Shrike LC
Coracina tenuirostris Cicadabird LC
PACHYCEPHALIDAE
Pachycephala rufiventris Rufous Whistler LC
Colluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-Thrush LC
Pachycephala pectoralis Golden Whistler LC
ARTAMIDAE
Cracticus nigrogularis Pied Butcherbird LC
Strepera graculina Pied Currawong LC
RHIPIDURIDAE
Rhipidura albiscapa Grey Fantail LC
Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail LC
Rhipidura leucophrys Willie Wagtail LC
CORVIDAE
Corvus orru Torresian Crow LC
MONARCHIDAE
Grallina cyanoleuca Magpie-Lark LC
Monarcha melanopsis Black-Faced Monarch LC
Symposiarchus trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch LC
Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher LC
DICRURIDAE
Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo LC
DICRURIDAE
Dicrurus bracteatus Spangled Drongo LC
TIMALIIDAE
Zosterops lateralis Silvereye LC
NECTARINIIDAE
Dicaeum hirundinaceum Mistletoebird LC
HIRUNDINIDAE
Hirundo neoxena Welcome Swallow LC
TURDIDAE
Zoothera heinei Russet-Tailed Thrush LC
ESTRILDIDAE
Neochmia temporalis Red-Browed Finch LC
Lonchura punctulata Nutmeg Mannikin LC
*Species listings under EPBC Act and NC Act, LC = Least Concern, Mig = Migratory, I = Introduced

Energex
MAMMALS N=5
FAMILY Status*
ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE
Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus SLC
DASYURIDAE
Antechinus sp Antechinus sp. LC
MACROPODIDAE
Macropus giganteus Eastern Grey Kangaroo LC
MURIDAE
Hydromys chrysogaster Water Rat LC
Melomys cervinipes Fawn-Footed Melomys LC
*Species listings under EPBC Act and NC Act, LC = Least Concern, SLC = Special Least Concern
Location Data for Notable Taxa
Scientific Name Common Name NCA EPBC Latitude Longitude

Adelotus brevis Tusked Frog Vul -26.67793 153.00874
Ardea modesta Eastern Great Egret Mig -26.70733 152.98042
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-eagle Mig -26.70484 152.98163
Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Mig -26.69024 152.98771
Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater Mig -26.67715 153.0089
Symposiarchus trivirgatus Spectacled Monarch Mig -26.67693 153.00923
Monarcha melanopsis Black-faced Monarch Mig -26.69766 152.98039
Rhipidura rufifrons Rufous Fantail Mig -26.67721 153.01135

Energex
Scientific Name Common Name NCA EPBC Latitude Longitude

Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus SLC -26.67688 153.00905

SunCoast Project Platypus Investigation Report

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SunCoast Project Platypus Investigation Report

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SUNCOAST POWER PROJECT

PREPARED FOR ENERGEX

Prepared for Energex

Tel: +61 7 3162 1161

COPYRIGHT: The concepts, information, photos, schedules, annexures

The report should be read in its entirety. No responsibility is accepted for

Name of Project: SunCoast Power Project

Project Manager: Mark Sanders

Document Author(s): Mark Sanders, Angus McNab

Last saved: 17/11/2015 9:55 AM

Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page ii

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................. 1

2.0 PLATYPUS (ORNITHORHYNCHUS ANATINUS).................................................... 2

3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 4

4.0 SURVEY RESULTS: PLATYPUS VALUES .............................................................. 9

5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 13

6.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 14

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Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page iv

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

Table 1.1. Study team and qualifications

Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page 1

2.0 PLATYPUS (ORNITHOR HYNCHUS ANATINUS )

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3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY

3.1 Desktop Assessment and Background Sources

Table 3.1. Databases sources

3.2 Landholder Liaison

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3.3 Platypus Field Survey

3.3.1 Site Selection

3.3.2 Platypus Survey Methods

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Figure 3.1 Scale:

Figure 3.2 Scale:

Remote Sensors Cameras

3.3.3 Habitat Assessment

Table 3.2. Eudlo Creek Platypus habitat assessment

3.3.4 Survey timing and conditions

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4.0 SURVEY RESULTS: PLATYPUS VALUES

Table 4.1. Location of Platypus observation

4.1.1 Platypus - 2 RP219843

4.1.2 Platypus - 2 RP100852

Energex Platypus Report_V1.0.docx Page 9

! Platypus sighting (location number)

Figure 4.1 Scale:

4.1.3 Platypus - 5 SP16983/2 RP70991

4.1.4 Platypus – Old Maroochydore Road

4.2 Platypus Habitats

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5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

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Location Data for Notable Taxa

Scientific Name Common Name NCA EPBC Latitude Longitude

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Scientific Name Common Name NCA EPBC Latitude Longitude