Reference energy demand and effects of single parameter variations on simulated energy demand.

Description Final energy demand (kWh/m2) Change from reference (%)

Space Ventilation Space Total Space Ventilation Space
heating electricity cooling heating electricity cooling
Reference case
Parameter variations
Heating set-point:
20 oC
22 oC
23 oC
Cooling set point:
27 oC
Outdoor temperature
-1 oC
+1 oC
Horizontal angle:
10 degrees
30 degrees
Ground solar reflection:
25%
50%
Wind load that hit building:
30%
100%
Air pressure outside:
990 hPa (-1% )
1020 hPa (+2% )
U-values of envelope
+20%
VHR efficiency:
76%
80%
85%
Fan efficiency:
33%
55%
Fan pressure:
200 Pa
600 Pa
Airing
VIP-energy approach
SVEBY approach
Airtightness
0.6 l/sm2
1 l/sm2
Persons heat gains:
1.68 W/m2
2.16 W/m2
3.19 W/m2
4.30 W/m2
Electrical heat gains:
2.40 W/m2
3.42 W/m2
4.4 W/m2
4.92 W/m2