ECG & Heart Sounds - Report Page 1 of 5

ECG & Heart Sounds - Report

Exercise 1: ECG at rest

Study Exercise

Use the Comments panel to indicate on the recording the P-wave, the QRS complex, and the T-wave.

1. What can you say about the amplitude of the various waves in different cardiac cycles?

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2. The P wave and the QRS complex represent depolarization of the atrial and ventricular muscle respectively.
Why does the QRS complex have the largest amplitude?

3. In steps 7 and 8 heart rate was calculated based upon the peak-to-peak interval of the R waves. Was there
variability between the beats? Would you expect the interval between beats to be identical? Why or why not?

4. The range for a normal resting heart rate is 60 to 90 bpm. A trained athlete could have a resting heart rate of 45
to 60 bpm. Why might a very fit person have a slower heart rate than someone of average fitness?

Exercise 2: ECG variation

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5. Are the amplitudes and durations of the various waves in different individuals similar or very different?

6. What variations in heart rate did you observe between individuals?

Exercise 3: ECG and heart sounds

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7. Explain why ventricular contraction (systole) and the 'lub' sound occur immediately after the QRS complex.

8. Explain why ventricular relaxation (diastole) and the 'dub' sound occur after the T wave.

Exercise 4: ECG and phonocardiography

9. Your "lub-dub" recordings probably show some differences from the correct timing of the heart sounds as judged
by phonocardiography. How can you account for this difference?

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