WORD ORDER PROBLEMS

1. Hot springs are formed when water that has passed near 11. A collectible coin is _________ in mint condition when it
recently formed hot igneous rocks emerges_______. looks as it did when it was made.
A. not far below the surface A. to be is said
B. the surface not far below B. said is to be
C. below the not far surface C. is to be said
D. not far the surface below D. is said to be
2. _________ if you are knowledgeable and well-prepared. 12. ________ type of insect that pollinate plants.
A. The small are risk A. Not only are the bees
B. Are small the risks B. Bees are not the only
C. Small the risks are C. Not the only bees are
D. The risks are small D. Bees are not only the
3. Successful sapespeople _________ and understand the 13. The decimal numeral system is one of the _________
needs of the market. ways of expressing numbers.
A. their products thoroughly know A. useful most world’s
B. know their product thoroughly B. world’s most useful
C. their thoroughly know products C. useful world’s most
D. their know product thoroughly D. most world’s useful
4. __________ the water clear but also prevent the river from 14. Fossil records indicate ___________ existing in the past
overflowing. have become extinct.
A. Not only the hippo’s eating habits keep A. that many species of organisms
B. Keep not only the hippo’s eating habits B. many species of organisms that
C. The hippo’s eating habits not only keep C. many that species of organisms
D. Not only keep the hippo’s eating habits D. that of many organisms species
5. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony became 15. Precious metals, gems, and ivory have been used to
increasingly aware through her work in the temperance make buttons, but most buttons are made of
movement __________ the same rights as men. ___________wood, glass, or plastic.
A. women were not granted that A. such materials that
B. that women were not granted B. materials as such
C. not granted women that were C. such materials as
D. that were not granted women D. such materials
6. ________ of liquids through pipes. 16. Rarely ________ than an hour.
A. Valves control the flow A. longer last do tornados
B. The flow control valves B. last longer do tornados
C. Control the flow valves C. do tornados last longer
D. The flow valves control D. do tornados longer last
7. The United States Congress appropriates some four 17. Despite its wide range of styles and instrumentation,
million dollars __________ the upkeep of the White House country music has certain common features __________ its
grounds. own special character.
A. year for a B. for a year A. give it that B. that give it
C. a year for D. a for year C. give that it D. that it give
8. Color and light, taken together, ___________the aesthetic 18. Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans
impact of the interior of a building. in the 1920's ___________ in blues music.
A. very powerfully influence A. was one of the greatest periods
B. very influence powerfully B. one of the greatest periods was
C. powerfully very influence C. was of the greatest periods one
D. influence powerfully very D. the greatest periods was one of
9. Not only ________ all the positive charge of an atom, it is 19. Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 ___________
also the site of the weight of every atom. hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.
A. does the nucleus hold A. any house did have
B. the nucleus hold does B. did any house have
C. the nucleus does hold C. house did any have
D. hold does the nucleus D. any house have did
10. The Pulitzer Prize has been ___________ in American 20. The earring is one of the oldest known ornaments and
literature for more than seventy years. __________ pieces of stone, bone, or shell.
A. the award most prestigious A. was from made originally
B. the most prestigious award B. was originally made from
C. the prestigious most award C. originally made was from
D. the most award prestigious D. from originally made was
 ITEMS INVOLVING VERB PROBLEMS
1. Some snakes lay eggs, but others ___________ birth 11. The colors and patterns of the wings of butterflies and moths
to live offspring. help __________ the organism against predators.
A. give B. giving A. protect B. being protected
C. given D. to have given C. protected D. to protecting
2. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by 12. Volcanoes are divided into three main groups, based on
___________ the trails of meteors passing through it. their shape and the type of material they ____________.
A. to watch B. watching A. be made B. made of
C. watched D. watch C. are made of D. make of
3. Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest 13. Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and
Hawaiian island, ____ closer to the surface by frequent anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and
volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island. fireplaces at sites ____________ by early humans.
A. brought B. to be brought A. occupy B. occupying
C. being brought D. is being brought B. occupied D. were occupied
4. The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit 14. Alaska found the first years of its statehood costly because
Indians was generally __________ from cedar bark, it had to take over the expense of services __________
wool, and goats' hair. previously by the federal government.
A. wove B. to weave A. to provide B. be provided
C. weaving D. woven C. providing D. provided
5. The purpose of phonetics is ___________ an inventory 15. Although Emily Dickinson is now a well-known American
and a description of the sounds found in speech. poet, only seven of her poems __________ while she was
A. provide B. to provide alive.
C. provided D. being provided A. publishing B. to publish
C. were published D. have published
6. During the course of its growth, a frog undergoes a 16. Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor the air
true metamorphosis __________ with a fishlike larval contains at a certain temperature ____ with the amount it
stage. could hold at that temperature.
A. begin B. began A. to compare B. compared
C. beginning D. is begun C. comparing D. compares
7. Spain and Portugal’s competition for economic 17. Some machines produced large numbers of
domination in the Americas ___________ after interchangeable parts that ___________ efficiently with the
Columbus’ return to Europe, when they both realized that “interchangeable parts system” of the great inventor Eli
the New land could increase their gold reserves. Whitney.
A. began B. begin A. could be used B. used
C. begun D. was beginning C. use D. have used
8. The Greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that is caused 18. Speech is like a piece of cloth ___________ of many
when carbon dioxide _____ and is trapped in the atmosphere threads including a voice box, lips, tongue, and a good brain.
A. is released B. releases A. made B. make
C. has released D. had released C. making D. has made
9. The coherent light of a laser ____________ entirely of 19.The letter of Abigail Adams to her husband and future
synchronized waves of a single frequency that travel in President, John, __________ during the American Revolution,
the same direction. conveyed a vivid picture of the times.
A. composes B. to compose A. were written B. have written
C. is composed D. be composing C. written D. wrote
10. The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with 20. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman
meteoroids, ____________ new craters to appear. ___________ the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. cause B. causing A. receive B. received
C. caused D. have cause C. to receive D. be received
 INCOMPLETE/ MISSING INFINITIVE & GERUND PHRASES
1. __________ theories approximate the truth is the day-to- 11. __________ in the diet is especially important for
day business of science. vegetarians.
A. Determining how closely A. Enough protein is obtained
B. How closely to determine B. Obtaining enough protein
C. How one determines close C. They obtain enough protein
D. One is close to determining D. By obtaining enough protein

2. __________ the demands of aerospace, medicine, and 12. The first explorer __________ California by land was
agriculture, engineers are creating exotic new metallic Jedediah Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the
substances. southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826.
A. Meet B. Being met are A. that he reached B. reached
C. To meet D. They are meeting C. to reach D. reaching it

3. A few animals sometimes fool their enemies __________ 13. A quilt that looks ordinary __________ may become a
to be dead. work of abstract art when it is hung on the white wall.
A. appear B. to appear A. lying on a bed B. lies on a bed
C. by appearing D. to be appearing C. to be lying on a bed D. to lie on a bed

4. The swallows of Capistrano are famous __________ to the 14. New words are constantly being invented __________
same nests in California each spring. new objects and concepts.
A. to return B. who returned A. to describe B. a description of
C. they returned D. for returning C. they describe D. describe

5. Earthquakes can damage a tree __________ violently, and 15. Dragonflies remain stationary in the air while __________
it can take several years for the tree to heal. their prey to come near.
A. to cause shaking B. when shaking it causes A. waited for B. they wait
C. to cause to shake it D. by causing it to shake C. waiting for D. to wait

6. Tornadoes, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most 16. As consumers' response to traditional advertising
often in the spring when hot winds __________ over flat land techniques declines, businesses are beginning __________
encounter heavy, cold air. new methods of reaching customers.
A. which to rise B. that rising A. it developing B. the development that
C. are rising D. rising C. develop D. to develop

7. Experiments related to the sense of smell are more easily 17. __________, all animals need oxygen, water, food and
__________ than those related to perception of color. the proper range of temperatures.
A. setting them up B. to set up A. To survive B. Their survival
C. set up D. sets up those C. Surviving D. They survive

8. Thomas Edison's first patented invention was a device 18. Completed in 1756, Naussau Hall is the oldest building
___________ in Congress. now __________ on the campus of Princeton University.
A. votes counted for B. had been counting votes A. standing B. it stands
C. for counting votes D. be a counted vote C. has stood D. stood

9. Warmer temperatures led to changes in the ecology of 19. At the beginning of the 20 th century, people made coffee
Europe, __________ the animal population and methods of __________ a cloth bag full of coffee grounds into boiling
hunting. water.
A. affecting B. and affected A. to dump B. by dumping
C. which affects D. effecting C. dumping at D. that is dump

10. Indian summer is a period of mild weather __________ 20. __________ from the cash machine, you must have a
during the auumn. valid card and the proper code number.
A. occurs B. occurring A. For getting B. To get money
C. it occurrs D. is occurring C. Having got money D. To have gotten
 ITEMS INVOLVING PARALLEL STRUCTURES
Although both political parties wanted Dwight D. Eisenhower Giant pandas resemble bears in shape and in---
as their presidential nominee in 1952, he became a A. it is a slow, clumsy way to walk
Republican candidate and __________. B. the slow, clumsy way they walk
A. President was electing C. they walk in a slow, clumsy way
B. was elected President D. their slow walk is clumsy
C. to elect the President
D. being elected President
Narcissus bulbs----at least three inches apart and covered The issue is too large and __________ to be solved in one
with about four inches of well drained soil. meeting.
A. should be planted A. complication B. complexity
B. to plant C. complicate D. complicated
C. must planting
D. should plant
I would like to visit but ___________ in Bristol. I know that he loves her but she ___________ him.
A. not living B. no living A. not loves him B. doesn’t love him
C. not to live D. not have been living C. doesn’t loves him D. don’t love him
People can travel __________, but never all three at the I would rather die than __________ a single hair on her
same time. head.
A. comfortably, quickly or safely A. to hurt B. hurting
B. comfortable, quickly or safely C. hurt D. I hurt
C. comfortably, quickly or safe
D. comfortable, quick or safely
This operatring system has become popular because it gives For centuries scientists have sought to discover when the
the user the ability to multitask and _________ the computer universe was created and _________.
in a more intuinitive way. A. if began the evolutionary process
A. operating B. to operate B. beginning with the evolutionary process
C. the operation of D. to the opeartion of C. have begun with evolutionary process
D. what began the evolutionary process
A successful triathlete must be a strong swimmer, Jared Ingersoll, a candidate for vice president in 1812,
__________, and an excellent cyclist. signed the Constitution and twice __________ in the
A. long distance runner very capable Continental Congress.
B. running very capable long distance A. to serve
C. a very capable long distance runner B. served
D. a runner very capable long distance C. a member
D. serving
An ordinary household oven may be used __________ many The kangaroo has been called an overgrown rabit that walks
types of food. on two feet and ___________ in a pocket.
A. to boil, to bake, to fied or to roast A. rasing its young B. its raising young
B. to boil, bake, fry or roast C. raise its young D. its raise young
C. to boil, to bake, to fry or roast
D. boil, bake, fry or roast
Glassware is formed either by blowing the molten glass into The Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest, who were
shape __________ it into a mold. execellent artisans, designed pottery, cloth, household items
A. and by pouring B. or by pouring and __________.
C. or pour D. and pour A. goods leather B. good in leather
C. leathers good D. leather goods
For the first tiem in three decades, Californians drank less Sleeping, resting __________ are the best way to care for a
beer, ___________ this year than they did last year. cold.
A. wine and hard liquor B. winery and hard liquor A. and that drinking fluids B. and drinking fluids
C. winery and hardy liquor D. wine and hardy liquor C. which drank fluids D. and one drink fluids
She has succeeded because she works hard and Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories
_________. as __________.
A. because of her intelligent B. because she is intelligent A. to run for fifteen minutes B. run for fifteen minutes
C. because of her itelligence D. because she is intelligence C. running fifteen minutes D. fifteen minutes run.