Statictics Maths 2 Marks - 2

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QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS
SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM
UNIT – I:TEATING OF HYPOTHESIS
PART A
Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

Define Type I error and Type II error
Answer :
Type I error :
The hypothesis is true but our test rejects it
Type II error :
The hypothesis is false but our test accept it
Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2012, N / D 2010 ]
State the applications of Chi-square test
Answer :
1.To test the goodness of fit
2.To test the independent of attributes
3.To test the homogeneous of independent estimations
Question : 3 [ AUC M / J 2011]
What are the applications of t - distributions
Answer :
1.To test the significance of the difference of the mean of a random sample and the
mean of the population
2. To test the significance of the difference between two sample means
Question : 4 [ AUC M / J 2010 ]
Mention the variuos steps involved in testing of hypothesis
Answer :
(i). Set up a null hypothesis H 0
(ii). Set up the alternative hypothesis H1
(iii). Select
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Question : 5 AUC M / J 2010
Define Chi-square test for goodDownloaded
ness of fit from www.Rejinpaul.com
Answer :
Chi square test of goodness of fit is a test to find if the deviation of the experiment
from theory is just by chance or it is due to the inadequacy of the theory to fit
the observed data. By this test, we test whether differences between observed and expected
frequencies are significant or not
(O - E)
2
It is defined by χ = ∑
2
Question : 6 [ AUC N / D 2010 ]

What are the parameters and statistics in sampling?
Answer :
µ - mean �
Parameters → � of population
σ -S.D �
x - m ea n �
Statistics → � of sample
s - S.D ��
Question : 7 [ AUC N / D 2011]

The heights of college students in chennai are normally distributed with standard deviation
6cm and sample of 100 students had their mean height 158 cm. Test the hypothesis that the
mean height of college students in chennai is 160 cm at 1% level of significance.
Answer :
Null hypothesis H 0 : µ = 160
Alternate hypothesis H 1 :µ ≠ 160
x- µ
Test statistic for singular mean is Z =
σ
n
150 - 160
=
6
100
= -3.33
� Z = 3.33
Conclusion Z = 3.33 > 2.58, we reject H 0 at 1% level of significance

Question : 8 [ AUC N / D 2011] Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
A coin is tossed 400 times and it turns up head 216 times. Discuss whether the coin may
unbiased one at 5% level of significance.
Answer :
1
n = 400, P =
2
1
Q = 1- P =
2
X = Number of success
= 216
1. The parameter of interest is P
2. H 0 : The coin is unbiased
3. H1 : The coin is biased
4. α = 0.05
X - nP
5. Z =
nPQ
6. Reject H 0 if Z > 1.96
�1�
216 - ( 400 ) � �
7. Z = � 2 � = 1 .6
( 400 ) �� 1 �� 1 ��
� 2 �� 2 �
8. Z = 1.6 < 1.96
So we accept H 0 at 5% level of significance
Hence the coin is unbiased
PART B
Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2012]
A dice is thrown 400 times and a throw of 3 or 4 is observed 150 times. Test the
hypothesis that the dice is fair.
Answer :
1 1 1
n = 400, X = 150, P = + =
6 6 3
Q = 1- P
2
=
3
1
H0 : P =
3
1
H1 : P ≠
3
X - nP
Z=
nGet
PQ Unique study materials from www.rejinpaul.com
= 1.7678
Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
For two tailed test = z = 1.96
Thus the dice is fair

Theory predicts that the proportions of beans in four groups A,B,C and D should
among 1600 beans, the numbers in th e four groups were 882, 313, 287, and 118. Does
the experiment support the theory?
Answer :
A:B:C:C = 9 : 3: 3:1
Ei : 900 300 300 100 1600
Oi : 882 313 287 118 1600
(O - Ei )
2
χ2 = ∑
Ei
= 4.73
H 0 : The experiment support the theory
cal χ 2 = 4.73, tab χ 2 = 7.82
cal χ 2 < tab χ2
So we accept H 0
M.Question : 3 AUC M / J 2012
The means of two large samples of 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inches and 68.0
inches respectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the same population of
standard deviation 2.5 inches?
Answer :
n1 = 1000 n2 = 2000
x1 = 67.5 x2 = 67.5
σ = 2.5
1.T he parameter of interest is µ
2. H 0 : µ1 = µ 2
3. H 1 : µ1 ≠ µ 2
4. α = 0.05
x1 - x2
5. The test statistic z = = -5 . 1 3
1 1
σ +
n1 n2
6. Reject H 0 if z > 1.96
7.Conclution is z > 1.96
So we reject H 0 at 5% level of significance

Two random samples gave the following results:
sample size sample mean sum of squares of deviation
from the mean
1 10 15 Downloaded
90 from www.Rejinpaul.com
2 12 14 108
Test whether the samples have come from the same normal population
Answer :
Given n1 = 10 n2 = 12, x1 = 15 x2 = 1 4
∑ ( x1 - x1 )
2
S2 =1
n1 -1
90
=
9
= 10
S2 2 =
∑ x2 - x2
n2 -1
108
=
11
S1 > S 2 2
2
1. The parameter of interest is σ 12 and σ 2 2

2. H 0 :σ 12 = σ 2 2 3. H1 :σ 12 ≠ σ 2 2
4. α = 0.05 d. f (v1 ) = n1 -1
d. f (v2 ) = n2 -1
S12
5. The test statistic is F =
S2 2
6. Reject H 0 if F > 2.90
10
7. Computation: F = = 1. 01 9
9. 81 82
8. Conclusion: Since F = 1.019 < 2.90, we accept H 0 at 5% level of significance

In a random sample of 1000 people from city A, 400 are found to be consumers of wheat
In a sample of 800 from city B, 400 are found to be consumers of wheat. Does this data
give a significant difference between the two cities as far as the proportion od wheat
consumers is concerned.
Answer :
400
n1 = 1000 p1 = = 0. 4 q1 = 1- p1 = 0.6
1000
400
n2 = 800 p2 = = 0. 5 q2 = 1- p2 = 0.5
800
n1 p1 + n2 p2
P= = 0 . 44 4
n1 + n2
Q = 1- P
Qu=est
0.5io5n6 : 7 AUC M / J 2011
H 0 : p1 = p2 H1 : p1 ≠ p2 Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
p1 - p2
z=
�1 1�
PQ � + �
� n1 n2 �
= -4.17
Reject H 0 if z > 1.96

4 coins were tossed 150 times and the following were obtained
No. of heads : 0 1 2 3 4
Observed frequencies : 17 52 54 31 6
Under the assumption that the coins are unbiased, find the expected frequencies of getting
0,1,2,3,4 heads and test the goodness of fit.
Answer :
H 0 : The coins are unbiased
H1 : The coins are biased
α = 0 . 05
1 1
p= ,q=
2 2
p(x) = nCx p x q n- x , x = 0,1, 2,3,.....
The heights of 10 males of a given locality are found to be 70, 67, 62, 68, 70, 64, 64, 66
inches.Is it reasonable to believe that the average height is greater than 64 inches?
Answer :
Given n = 10, µ = 64
H 0 : µ = 64 H1 : µ > 64 α = 5%
x- µ
t = =2
S/ n
Calculated t > tabulated t
We reject H 0

Test of the fidelity and selectivity of 190 radio receivers produced the results shown
in the following table:

Fidelity
SeIectivity Low average High
Low 6 12 32
Average 33 61 18
High 13 15 0
Use the 0.01 level of significance to rest whether there is a relationship between
fidelity and selectivity.
Answer :
H 0 : There is no relationship between fidelity and selectivity.
H 1 : There is a relationship between fidelity and selectivity.
α =0.01
E (6) = 13.684 E(12) = 23.158 E(32) = 13.158 E (38) = 30.653 E (61) = 51.874
E(18) = 29.474 E(13) = 7.663 E(15) = 12.968 E (0) = 7.368
8
M
O E (O - E )
2
E
6 13.684 4.312
12 23.158 5.376
32 13.158 26.981
33 30.653 0.180
61 51.874 1.606
18 29.474 4.467
13 7.663 3.717
15 12.968 0.318
0 7.368 7.368
g ( ) ( ) 54.325
ψ2 = 13. 277
0. 01
There i s a r el ati ons hi p bet ween fi delity and sel ecti vity

Random samples drawn from two countries gave the following data relat ing to the heights of
adult males. Is the difference between standard deviation significant?
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B
Mean height 67.42 67.25
S.D Downloaded
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Number in samples 1000 1200
Answer :
n1 = 1000 x1 = 67.42 s1 = 2.58 = σ 1
n2 = 1200 x2 = 67.25 s2 = 2.50 = σ 2
1.The parameter of interest is σ 1 and σ 2 difference between the sd's
2. H 0 :σ 1 = σ 2
3. H1 :σ 1 ≠ σ 2
4.α = 0.05
s1 - s2
5. Z = = 1.03
s12 s2 2
+
2n1 2n2
6. Reject H 0 if Z >1.96 at 5% level
7.Since Z =1.03 < 1.96 we accept H 0
1000 students at college level were graded according to their I.Q, and their economic conditions.
What conclusion can you draw from the following data?
Economic conditions I.Q Level
High Low
Rich 460 140
Poor 240 160
Answer :
1.The parameter of interest is χ 2
2. H 0 :The given attributes are independ ent
3. H1 : The given attributes are not independent
4.α = 0.05, d. f = (r - 1)(s -1) = (2 -1)(2 -1) = 1
(O - E)
2
5. χ 2
∑ E
=
6. Reject H 0 if χ 2 > 3.841
7. Computations :
The expected frequencies are calculated using the following formula:

Corresponding Row total × Column total
Expected Frequency =
Grand total
600× 700
Expected Frequency for 460 = = 420
100 0
600× 300
Expected Frequency for 140 = = 1 80
100 0
700× 400
Expected Frequency for 240 = = 280
100 0
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= 12 0
100 0
Expected Frequency for 160 =
The Chi square calculations are given as follows
O E (O - E )
2
E
460 420 3.81
140 180 8.88
240 280 5.714
160 120 13.33
31.7373
χ 2 = 31.737
8. Conclusion:
Since χ 2 = 31.7373 > 3.841. So we reject H 0 at 5% level of significance
The sales manager of a large company conducted a dample survey in states A and B
taking 400 samples in each case. The result were in the following table. Test whether
the average sales in the same in the 2 states at 1% level
State A State B
Average Sales Rs 2500 Rs 2,200
S .D Rs.400 Rs.550
Answer :
n1 = 400 x1 = 2500 s1 = 400
n2 = 400 x2 = 2200 s 2 = 550
1.The parameter of interest is µ1 and µ2 difference between mean
2. H 0 : µ1 = µ 2
3. H1 : µ1 ≠ µ 2
4.α = 0.01
5.Z = = 8. 8 2
Question :12 AUC M / J 2013

Find if there is any association between extravagance in fathers and extravagance in sons
from the following data. Determine the coefficient of association also
extravagance fathers Miserly father
Extrav. Sons Under 327 741
Miser. Sons 545 234
Answer :
1.The parameter of interest is χ 2
2. H 0 Get
:NameUnique
ly that the study materials
extravagan ce in sons afrom
nd fathwww.rejinpaul.com
ers are not significant
fathers are significant
3. H1 : Namely that the extravagance in sons and
4.α = 0.05, d. f = (r -1)(s -1) = 1 Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
( ad - b c ) ( a + b + c + d )
2
5. χ =
2
=
230.24 ( a + b )( c + d )( a + c )(b + d )
6. Reject H 0 if χ 2 > 3.841
7. Since χ 2 = 230.24 > 3.841 we reject H 0 at 5% level of significant
UNIT – II:DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
PART A

What are the conditions for the validity of ψ 2 test?
Answer :
(i). The sample observations should be independent
(ii). Constraints on the cell frequencies, if any, must be linear
(iii). N , the total frequency, should be atleast 50
(iv). No theoritical cell frequency should be less than 5
Write any two differences between RBD and CRD
Answer :
One way classification Two way classification
1. One factor is involved 1.Two factors involved
2. One set of Hypothesis 2. Two sets of hypothesis
State the assumptions involved in ANOVA
Answer :
(i).The observations are independent
(ii). Parent population from which observations are taken in normal and subnormal form
What are the advantages of a Latin square design?
Answer :
(i). With a two way stratification or grouping, the Latin Square cont rols more of the variation
than the completely randomized design or the randomized completely block design. The two
way elimination of variation often results in small error mean square.

1
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(ii). The analysis is simple, it is only slightly more complicated than that for the randomized
completely block design
Write down the ANOVA table for one way classification
Answer :
Source of Sum of Degree of Mean sum Variane ratio
variance squares freedom squares
SSC MSC
B/C SSC C -1 MSC = F= (or)
C -1 MSE
Within
SSE MSE
columns SSE N -C MSE = F=
N -1 MSC
Total TSS N-1

What do you understand by " Design of an experiment"?
Answer :
The objects upon which the measurements are taken are called experimental units.
The design of an experiment implies one time problem after selecting the factor combination
(treatments)to be employed in an experiment. One must decide how the treatments should be
assigned to the experimental units.

Define RBD
Answer :
Let us consider an agricultureal experiment using which we wish to test the effect
of 'k' fertilising treatments on the yield of crops. We assume that we know some information
about the soil fertility of the plots. Then we divide the plots into 'h' blocks, according to the
soil fertility each block containing 'k' blocks. Thus the plots in each block will be of
homogeneous fertility as far as possible within each block, the 'k' treatments arae given to the
'k' plots in a perfectly random manner, such that each treatment occurs only once in any
block. But the same 'k' treatments are repeated from block to block.This design is called
Randomised Block Design.
2
PART B
QuestiGet
on : 1 [ AUC M /study
Unique J 2013 ] materials from www.rejinpaul.com
C ompare and contrast the Latin squ are design with the Randomised Block Design
Answer : Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
Randomised Block Design
1.It has a simple layou t
2.The design controls the variability in the experimental units and gives the treatments
equivalence to show their effects.
4.The desi gn is not suitable for large numb er of treatments since in this case the block size
is large and hence homogencity of units may not be possible.
Latin Square Design :

1.Compute the correction factor by squaring the grand total and dividing it by the
number of observations.
2.C ompute the total sum of squares by adding the squares of the individual observations and
subtracting the correction factor

The following Latin square of a design when 4 varieties of seeds are being tested. Set up
the analysis of variance table and state you r conclusion.
A 105 B 95 C 125 D 115
C 115 D 125 A 105 B 105
D 115 C 95 B 105 A 115
B 95 A 135 D 95 C 115
Answer :
Subtract 100 and then divided by 5 we get
A 1 B -1 C 5 D 3
C 3 D 5 A 1 B 1
D 3 C -1 B 1 A 3
B -1 A 7 D -1 C 3
T 2
N = 16, T = 32, = 64
N
T2
TSS = ∑ X 1 + ∑ X 2 + ∑ X 3 + ∑ X
2 2 2 2
- = 88
4
N
(∑ X ) + (∑ X ) + (∑ X ) + (∑ X )
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 T2
SSC = - =4
N1 N1 N1 N1 N
( Y
) ( Y
) ( Y
) ( Y
)
2 2 2 2
SSR =
∑ + 1 ∑ +
∑ +
∑ 2 3 4
-
T2
=2
N2 N2 N2 N2 N
3
To find SSK
Arrange the elements in the order of treatment
A 1 1 3 7 12
B -1 1 1 -1 0
C 5 3 -1 3 10
D 3 5 3 -1 10
SSK = 22 Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
SSE = TSS - SSC - SSR - SSK = 60
Source of SS DF M SS Variance ratio Table value
variation
SSR MSE
Betw een rows SSR = 2 K -1 = 3 MSR = FR = 8.94
K -1 MSR
= 0.67 = 14.9
SSC MSE
Betw een columns SSC = 4 K -1 = 3 MSC = FC = 8.94
K -1 MSC
= 1.33 = 7.52
SSK MSE
B e tw e e n SSK = 22 K -1 = 3 MSK = Fr = 8.94
K -1 MSK
Treatments = 7.33 = 1.36
SSE
Error SSE = 60 ( K -1 )( K - 2 ) = 6 MSE = = 10
( K -1)( K - 2 )
Analyze the following Latin square experiment
Row 1 2 3 4
Column
1 A(12) D(20) C(16) B(10)
2 D(18) A(14) B(11) C(14)
3 B(12) C(15) D(19) A(13)
4 C(16) B(11) A(15) D(20)
Answer :
1 2 3 4 total
1 -8 0 -4 -10 - 22
2 -2 -6 -9 -6 - 23
3 -8 -5 -1 -7 - 21
4 -4 -9 -5 0 -18
total - 22 - 20 -19 - 23 - 84
4
M.MARIA
G2
(1) C.F= = 44 1
N
(2) TSS = 157
(3).R1 = 3.5
(4) R2 = 2.5
(5)
Question : 4 [ AUC M / J 2013, 2011]
The following data represents the number of units of production per day turned out of
5 different workers using 4 differeDownloaded
nt types of machinfrom
es www.Rejinpaul.com
Machine Type
A B C D
Workers 1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39
(1). Test whether the mean production is the same for the different machine types
(2). Test whether 5 men differ with mean productivity.
Answer :
H 0 : There is no significant b/w 5 workers
H1 : There is significant b/w 5 workers
Machine Type
A B C D Total
Workers 1 0 -6 3 -8 - 11
2 2 -4 8 -1 5
3 - 10 -8 0 - 12 - 30
4 -1 -6 2 - 11 - 16
5 -6 -2 5 -5 -8
Total - 15 - 26 18 - 37 - 60
G2
C.F =
N
2
-60
=
20
= 18 0
TSS = Sum of squares - C.F
= 754 - 180
= 57 4
1366
R1 = - C.F
4
= 341.5 - 180
= 161.5
259 4
R2 = - CF
5
= 518.8 - 180
= 33 8. 8
Error = TSS - R1 - R2
= 574 - 161.5 - 338.8
=S7OV
3.7 DF
SS MS Vari ance
B Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
workers
4 161.5 40.375 F1 = 6.5739
B/ W
Machi ne
3 338.8 11 2. 933 F2 = 18.388
Errors
12 73.7 6.1416
Table value at 1% level of significance
F (4.12) = 5.41
F(3.12) = 5.95
A variable trial was conducted on wheat with 4 varieties in a Latin Square Design. The
plan of the experiment and per plot yield are given below:
C(25) B(23) A(20) D(20)
A(19) D(19) C (21) B(18)
B(19) A(14) D(17) C(20)
D(17) C(20) B(21) A(15)
Analyse the data
Answer :
Subtract 20 from all the items:
Yn X1 X2 X3 X4 Total X 12 X 22 X 32 X 42
Y1 5 3 0 0 8 25 9 0 0
Y2 -1 1 -2 1 1 1 1 4
Y3 -1 -3 0 -10 1 36 9 0
Y4 -3 1 -5 -7 9 0 1 25
0 -7 -12 36 46 11 29
6
T .=
M MA-1RIA
T2
=9
N
T2
TSS = ∑ X 1 + ∑ X 2 + ∑ X 3 + ∑ X 4 -
2 2 2 2
= 1 13
N
(∑ X ) + (∑ X ) + (∑ X ) + (∑ X )
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 T2
SSC = - = 7.5
N1 N1 N1 N1 N
( Y
) ( Y
) ( Y
) ( Y
)
2 2 2 2
SS R =
∑ + 1∑ +
∑ +
∑ 2 3 4
-
T2
= 46.5
N2 N2 N2 N2 N
SSK = 48.5
SSE = 10.5
ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS DF MSS Variance ratio Table value
variation Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
SS R MSR
Between rows SSR = 46.5 K -1 = 3 MS R = FR = 4. 76
K -1 MS E
= 15 . 5 = 8.86
SS C MSC
Between columns SSC = 7 . 5 K -1 = 3 MSC = FC = 4. 76
K -1 MS E
= 2.5 = 1.43
SS K MSE
Between SSK = 48.5 K -1 = 3 MSK = Fr = 4. 76
K -1 MSK
Treatments = 16 . 17 = 9. 24
SS E
Error S S E = 10 . 5 ( K -1)( K - 2 ) = 6 MSE = = 1.75
( K -1)( K - 2 )
Total TSS = 113
Conclusion :
Cal FR > table FR
Cal FC < table FC
Cal FT > table FT
There is significant difference between treatments and rows
But there is no significant difference between columns.
7
The following are the number of mistakes made in 5 successive days by 4 technicians
working for a photographic laboratory test at a level of significans α = 0.01.Test
whether the difference among the 4 sample means can be attributed to chance.
Technicians
I II III IV
6 14 10 9
14 9 12 12
10 12 7 8
8 10 15 10
11 14 11 11
Answer :
H 0 : There is no significant difference between t he technicians
H 1 : There is significant difference between the technicians
We shift the origin to 10
Yn X1 X2 X3 X4 Total X 12 X 22 X 32 X 42
Y1 Get -Unique
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Y 4
4 0 -1 -1 16 16 0 1
-1 2 Downloaded
2 7 from www.Rejinpaul.com
16 1 4 4
2 -3 -2 -3 0 4 9 4
0 5 0 3 4 0 25 0
4 1 1 7 1 16 1 1
9 5 0 13 37 37 39 10
T2
= 8.45
N
T2
T SS = ∑ X 1 + ∑ X 2 + ∑ X 3 + ∑ X 4 -
2 2 2 2
N
= 114.55
(∑ X ) + (∑ X ) + ( ∑ X ) + (∑ X )
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 T2
SS C = -
N1 N1 N1 N1 N
= 12.95
SSE = TSS - SSC
= 101.6
ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS DF MSS Variance ratio Table value
variation
SS C MSC
Between columns SSC = 12.95 K -1 = 3 MSC = FC = 5. 29
K -1 MS E
= 4. 31 7 = 1.417
SS E
Error SSE = 101.5 N - C = 16 MSE = = 6. 35
N-C
Total TSS = 114.55
Conclusion :
Cal FC < table FC
So we accept H0
In a Latin square experiment given below are the yields in quintals per acre on the paddy
crop carried out for testing the effect of five fertilizers A , B,C,D,E.
Analyze the data for variations.
B 25 A 18 E 27 D 30 C 27
A 19 D 31 C 29 E 26 B 23
C 28 B 22 D 33 A 18 E 27
E 28 C 26 A 20 B 25 D 33
D 32 E 25 B 23 C 28 A 20
Answer :
It is aGet
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Latin square. Let us subtract 25 from all the items.
Yn X1 X2 X3 X4 X 5 Downloaded
Total X 12 fromX 2www.Rejinpaul.com
2
X 32 X 42 X 52
Y1 0 -7 2 5 2 2 0 49 4 25 4
Y2 -6 6 4 1 -2 3 36 36 16 1 4
Y3 3 -3 8 -7 2 3 9 9 64 49 4
Y4 3 1 -5 0 8 7 9 1 25 0 64
Y5 7 0 -2 3 -5 3 49 0 4 9 25
Total 7 -3 7 2 5 18 103 95 11 3 84 10 1
N = 25
T = 18
T2
= 12 . 96
N
T2
TSS = ∑ X 1 + ∑ X 2 + ∑ X 3 + ∑ X 4 + ∑ X 5 -
2 2 2 2 2
= 483 . 04
N
9
2 2
X1 X2 2
= 14.24
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) T
= 3.04
N2 N2 N2 N2 N2 N
To find SSK
A -6 -7 -5 -7 -5 - 30
B 0 -3 -2 0 -2 -7
C 3 1 4 3 2 13
D 7 6 8 5 8 34
E 3 0 2 1 2 8
SSK = 454.64
SSE = 11.12
ANOVA TABLE
Source of SS DF MSS Variance Table value
variation
SSR MSE
Between rows SSR = 3.04 K -1 = 4 MSR = FR = FR = 5.91
K -1 MSR
= 0.76 = 8.86
SSC MSC
Betw een columns SSC = 14.24 K -1 = 4 MSC = FC = FC = 3.26
K -1 MSE
= 3.56 = 3.84
SSK MSK
B etw ee n SSK = 454.64 K -1 = 4 MSK = FT = FT = 3.26
K -1 MSE
Get
Treatm ents Unique study materials from
= 113www.rejinpaul.com
.66 = 122.6
SSE
Error SSE = 11.12 ( Downloaded
K -1 )( K - 2 ) = 12 from
MSEwww.Rejinpaul.com
=
Total TSS = 113

Conclusion :
Cal FR < table FR
Cal FC > table FC
Cal FT > table FT

What are the basic assumptions involved in ANOVA?
Answer :
For the validity of the F - test in ANOVA, the following assumptions are made
(i). The observations are independent
(ii). Parent population from which observations are taken in normal
(iii). Various treatment and environmental effects are additive in nature
S.S.C - Between sum of equares
T.S.S - Total sum of squares
S.S.T - S.S due to treatments
M.S.S - Mean sum of squares
S.S.E - Error sum of squares
R.S.S - Row sum of squares
C.F - Correlation factor
C.D - Critical Difference
S.S.R - sum of squares between rows
M.S.C - Mean sum of squares
M.S.E - Mean sum of squares(within columns)
M.S.R - Mean sum of squares(between rows)
N = Number of Observations
N1 = Number of elementrs in each column
N 2 = Number of elementrs in each row
UNIT – III:SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS
PART A

Solve the equations A + B + C = 6, 3A + 3B + 4C = 20, 2 A + B + 3C = 13
by using
Gauss - elimination method
Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2012 ] Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
Arrive a formula to find the value of 3
N , where N ≠ 0, using Newton's method
Answer :
Let x = N1 3
� x3 = N
� x3 - N = 0
i.e.. f (x) = x 3 - N , f '(x) = 3x 2
f (xn )
xn+1 = xn -
f '(xn )
= xn -
( xn 3 - N )
3xn 2
1 N
= xn - xn +
3 3xn 2
2 N
= xn +
3 3xn 2
1 � 2x N �
= � n + 2 � , n = 0, 1, 2,....
3� xn �
Question : 3
Solve the following system of equations, using Gauss - Jordan elimination method
2x + y = 3, x - 2 y = -1.
Answer :
1
M.
�2 1 3�
[ A, B ] = �1
� -2 -1��
�2 1 3�
= �0
� -5 -5��
� 2 1 3�
= �0 �
� 1 1�
� 2 0 2�
= �0 �
� 1 1�
� 1 0 1�
= �0 �
� 1 1�
� x = 1, y = 1
Question : 4
What is the order of convergence and also state the error term for Newton
Raphson method?
Answer : Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
The order of convergence of Newton Raphson method?
Question : 5
�1 2 �
Find the dominant eigen value of the matrix �3 �
� 4�
Answer :
�1�
Let X 1 = �1�
��
�1 2 � �1� �3� �0.43 �
AX1 = �3 � �1� = �7� =7 �
� �4 � � � � � � �
1
�1 2 � �0.43 � � 2.43� � 0. 46 �
AX 2 = �3 �� = �5.29 � = 5.29 � � = 5.29X 3
� 4� � 1 � � � � 1 �
� 1 2 � � 0. 46 � � 2. 4 6 � � 0. 46 �
AX 3 = �3 � = � 5.38 � = 5.38 � �=
� 5.��3��8X 4 � � � � �
4 1 1
The dominant eigen value = 5.38
� 0. 46 �
the corresponding eigen vector = � �
� 1 �
PART B
Using Newton - Raphso n method, solve x log10 x = 12.34 taking the initial value x0 as 10
Answer :
f (x ) = x log10 x -12.34
f '(x ) = log e + log x
f (xn )
xn+1 = xn -
f '(xn )
f (x0 )
x1 = x0 - = 11.63 1 5
f '(x0 )
f (x1 )
x2 = x1 - = 11.5949
f '(x1 )
f (x2 )
x3 = x2 - = 11.5949
f '(x2 )
From x2 and x3 we find out the root is 1 1 .5 9 4 9
Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2 012 ]
�1 -3 2�
Find numerically the largest eigen value of A = �� 4 4 -1�� by power method
�� 6 3 5 ��
Answer :
�1�
� �
Let X 1 = � 0 � be the initial eigen vector
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� �
2 �t�h1is� w�e1 �get � 0.Downloaded
167 � from www.Rejinpaul.com
��
AX 1 = -1� � 0 � = � 4 � = 6 �0.667 � = 6 X 2
��
5 �� 0 �� 6 �� 1��
2 � � 0.167 � � 0.166 � � 0.021 �
� � � �
-1�� 0.667 � = �
� 2.336 � = 8.003 � 0.292 � = 8.003 X
5 �� 1 �� 8.003 �
� �
� 1 �
� �
2 � � 0.021 � � 1.145 � � 0.191 �
� � � �
-1� � 0.292 = �
0.252 = 6.002 0.042 = 6.002 X 4
��
5 �� 1 �� 6.002 �
� �
� 1 �
� �
2 � � 0.191 � � 2.065 � � 0.329 �
� � �
-1�� 0.042 � = � �
� -0.068 � = 6.272 �-0.011 � = 6.272 X 5
5 �� 1 �� 6.272 �
� �
� 1 �
� �
Proceeding like
� 1 -3 2 0.3 2.102 0.3
�4 �
AX 12 = 4 -1��0.066 � = �0.464 � = 6.998 �0.066 ��
��
�
�� 6 3 5 �� 1 �� 6.998 �� 1 �
� �
This shows that largest eigen value = 7
�1 1 3�
�
Using Gauss Jordan method find the inverse of A=�1 3 -3 �
�
��-2 -4 -4 ��
Answer :
�1 1 3 1 0 0�
�
( A, I ) = � 1 3 -3 0 1 0�
�
�-2
� -4 -4 0 0 1 ��
�1 1 3 1 0 0�
�0 � R2 ← R2 - R1 �
� 2 -6 -1 1 0 �� R ← R3 + 2R1 �
�� 0 -2 2 � 3 �
2 0 1 ��
�1 1 3 1 0 0�
� � R2
� 0 1 -3 -1 2 1
2
0 � R2 ←
� 0 -2 2 2
� 2 0 1 ��
� 3 -1 0�
�1 0 6 2 2 �
�0 -1 1 � R1 ← R1 - R2 �
1 -3 0� � R ← R3 + 2R2 �
� 2 2 � � 3 �
�0 0 -4 1 1 1�
� �
� 3 � 1 3
�1 0 6 � materials from 2
�0
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� � � www.rejinpaul.com
1 0 -5 -1
� 4 4 4� � 2 �
R1 ← R1 - 6R3
-3
� R Downloaded
← R2 + 3R3 � from www.Rejinpaul.com
0 -1
�
3 � 3
2�
A -1 = -1 -3 �
4 4 4�
-1 -1 ��
� 4 4 4�
Solve the following system of equations using Gauss Seidel iterative method:
27 x + 6 y - z = 85, 6x +15 y + 2z = 72, x + y + 54z = 110
Answer :
Put x = y = z = 0 in the following right side we get

1 1 1
x= [85 - 6 y + z ] y= [ 72 - 6x - 2z ] z= [110 - x - y ]
27 15 54
85 72 110
x= = 3.148 y= = 4.8 z= = 2.037
27 15 54
2.157 3.269 1.890
2.492 3.685 1.937
2.401 3.545 1.923
Proceeding like this we get the answer at the 10 th step
x10 = 2.426 y10 = 3.573 z10 = 1.926
Find the real positive root of 3x - cos x -1 = 0 by Newton's method.
Answer :
f (x) = 3x - cos x -1
f (0) = -2 = -ve
f (1) = 1.459 = +ve
Root lies between 0 and 1
f (0) > f (1)
Let x0 = 0.6
f (x0 )
x1 = x0 - = 0.6071
f '(x0 )
f (x1 )
x2 = x1 - = 0.6071
f '(x1 )
Since x1 ≡ x2 the root is 0.6071
�4 1 2�
�
Using Gauss Jordan method find the inverse of A = � 2 3 -1��
��1 -2 2 ��
Answer :
�4 1 2 1 0 0� Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
( A, I ) = �� 2 3 -1 0 1 0�
�
��1 -2 2 0 0 1 ��
�4 1 2 1 0 0� �4 1 2 1 0 0�
�0 5 -4 -1 2 0 � � 0 5 -4 -1 2 0 �
� � � �
�� 0 -9 6 -1 0 4 �� 0 0 -6 -14 18 20 ��
�4 1 2 1 0 0
�0 �
� 5 -4 -1 2 0�
�� 0 0 -3 -7 9 10 ��
�12 3 0 -11 18 20 �
� 0 15 0 25 -30 40 ��
�
�� 0 0 -3 -7 9 10 ��
�12 3 0 -11 18 20 �
�0 3 0 5 -6 -8 ��
�
�� 0 0 -3 -7 9 10 ��
�12 0 0 -16 24 28 �
�0 3 0 5 -6 -8 �
� �
�� 0 0 -3 -7 9 10 ��
� -4 7 �
� 2
3 3�
�1 0 0 �
�0 1 0 5 -8 �
-2
� 3 3 �
�0 0 1
� -10 ��
7 3 -3
� 3 �
� -4 7 �
� 2
3 3�
� �
-8 �
Hence A =�
-1 5 -2
� 3 3 �
�
� -10 ��
7 3 -3
� 3 �
� 25 1 2�
Find the largest eigen value and the corresponding eigen vector for A=�1 3 0�
� �
�� 2 0 -4 ��
Answer :
Get
� 1 �Unique study materials from www.rejinpaul.com
�
Let X 1 = � 0 ��
be the initial eigen vector
� 25 2 � �1 � � 25 � � 1 �
��
AX 1 = � 1 0 � �0 � = � 1 � = 25 �0.04 �� = 25 X 2
�
�
�� 2 -4 �� 0 �� 2 � 0.0�8
� �
� 25 1 2 �� 1 � � 25.2 � � 1 �
AX 2 = �� 1 3 0 ��0.04 �� = ��1.12 �� = 25.2 ��0.0444 �� = 25.2 X 3
�� 2 � � � 1 .6 8 � � �
0 -4 �� 0.08 � � � � � 0.0667
� 25 1 2 � � 1 � � 2 5. 17 78 � � 1 �
AX 3 = �� 1 � � � � � � �
3 0 �� 0.0444 � = � 1.1332 � = 25.1778 � 0.0450 � = 25.1778X 4
�� 2 � 0.0667 � � 1.7337� � �
0 -4 �� 0.06888 �
� 25 1 2 �� 1 � � 25.1826 � � 1 �
AX 4 = � 1� � � � � � � �
3 0 �� 0.0450 � = � 1.135 � = 25.1826 � 0.0451 � = 25.1826 X 5
�� 2 � 0.06888 � � 1.7248 � � 0.0685 �
0 -4 ��
� 25
1 2 �� 1 � � 25.1821 �
3 0 �� 0.0451 �� = �� 1.1353 �� = 25.1821X 6
AX 5 = �� 1
0 -4 �� 0.0685 � � � ��
�� 2
�
1. 72 60
� 1 �
�
Eigen value = 25.1821, Eigen vector = � 0.0451 ��
� 0.0685 �
� �
Question : 8 :[ AUC M / J 2013 ]
Solve the system of equation by Gauss - Jordan method
x + y + z + w = 1; 2x - y + 2z - w = -5; 3x + 2 y + 3z + 4w = 7; x - 2 y - 3z + 2w = 5
Question : 9 :[ AUC M / J 2013 ]
Solve by Gauss - Seidel method the following system:
28x + 4 y - z = 32; x + 3y +10z = 24; 2x + 17 y + 4z = 35
Answer :
1
x= [32 - 4 y + z ]...............(1)
28
1
y = [ 24 - x -10z ]..........(2)
3
1
z = [ 35 - 2x - 17 y ]..................(3)
4
1
Put y = z = 0 in (1) we get x = [32] = 1.1428
28
1
Put x = 1.1428, z = 0 in (2) we get y = [ 24 - 1.1428 ] = 7.6191
3
1
Put x = 1.1428, y = 7.6191 in (3) we get z = �� 35 - 2 (1.1428 ) - 17 (7.6191) �� =
Get Unique study materials from 4 www.rejinpaul.com
Proceeding like this until we have repeated values we get
x = 0.9936 , y = 1.507 z Downloaded
= 1.8486 from www.Rejinpaul.com
Question :10 :[ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Solve by Gauss - eliminaation method the following system
3x + 4 y + 5z = 18; 2x - y + 8z = 13; 5x - 2 y + 7z = 20
Answer :
�3 4 5 18 �
( A, B ) = �� 2 -1 8 13 ��
�� 5 -2 7 20 ��
�3 4 5 18 �
� 0 -11 14 � R2 ← R2 - 2R1 �
� 3 �� R ← R3 - 5R1 �
�� 0 -26 -4 -30 �� 3 �
�3 4 5 18 �
�0 �R R3 �
-11 14 3 ��
←
� 2 ��
3
�
�� 0 -13 -2 -15��
�3 4 5 18 �
�0 -3 ��
� -11 14 � 3 ← -13R2 - ( -11)R3 )��
�R
�� 0 0 204 204 ��
By back substitution method we have
204z = 204 � z = 1
-11y +14z = 3
� -11 y = 3 -14z = 3 - 14 = -11
-11 y = -11 � y = 1
3x + 4 y + 5z = 18
3 x = 18 - 4 y - 5z = 18 - 4 - 5 = 9
� x =3
Question :11 :[ AUC M / J 2013 ]
�5 0 1�
Using power method, find all the eigen values of A = �� 0 -2 0 ��
�� 1 0 5 ��

UNIT – IV:INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
PART A

Form the divided difference table for the following data
x: 5 15 22
y: 7 36 160
Answer :
x y ∆y ∆2 y
5 7 2.9
15 36 17.7 0.87
22 160
1
dx
Evaluate ∫ x
by Trapezoidal rule, dividing the range into 4 equal part.
0. 5
Answer :
1
1-
Here, h = 2 = 1, y = 1
4 8 x
1 4
x0 = = , xn = 1
2 8
5 6 7 8
x1 = , x2 = , x3 = , x4 =
8 8 8 8
1 1 8 8 8
y1 = , y2 = , y3 = , y4 = , y5 =
4 5 6 7 8
1
dx h
∫ = �( y0 + yn ) + 2 ( sum of the remaining ) �� = 0.6971
0.5
x 2�
1
1
dx
Evaluate ∫ 1+ x 2 by Trapezoidal rule with h = 0.2. Hence obtain an approximate value of π
0
Answer :
x : 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1
y= : 1 0.96154 0.86207 0.73529 0.60976 0.5
1+ x 2
1
dx h
∫ 1+ x 2 = 2 ��( y0 + yn ) + 2 ( y1 + y2 + ..... + yn-1 )��
0
= 0.783732
By actual integration
1
dx 1
∫ 1+ x 2 = �� tan (x) �0 = tan -1(1) - tan -1 (0)
-1
0 �
π
=
4
1
dx π
i.e ∫ 1+ x 2 =
4
0
π
� 0.783732 =
4
� π = 4 × 0.783732 = 3.13493
State the formula to find the second order derivative using the forward differences
Answer :
dy 1 � ∆y 1 2 1 1
= ∆ y0 + ∆ 3 y0 - ∆ 4 y0 + ....��
dx h �-
� 2 3 4 �
0
d 2 y 1 � ∆2 11 4
= y0 - y0 ∆ y0 + ....��
dx 2 h 2 �∆3
� + 12 �
Using Lagrange's formula to fit a polynomial to the data and find y at x = 1
x: -1 0 2 3
y: -8 3 1 12
Answer :
(x - x1 )( x - x2 )(x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x2
)(x - x3 )
y(x ) = y0 + y1
( x0 - x1 )( x0 - x2 )(x0 - x3 ) (x1 - x0 )(x1 - x2 )(x1 - x3 )
(x - x0 )( x - x1 )( x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x1 )(x - x2 )
+ y2 + y3
( x2 - x0 )( x2 - x1 )(x2 - x3 ) (x3 - x0 )(x3 - x1 )(x3 - x2 )
(x - 0 )( x - 2 )( x - 3 ) ( x +1 )(x - 2 )( x - 3 )
y(x) = ( -8 ) + (3 )
( -1- 0 )( -1- 2 ) ( -1- 3 ) (1
Get Unique study materials from www.rejinpaul.com)( -2 )( -3 )
x +1 x x ) ( )( )( - 2 )
( )( )( - 3 x +1 x x
( )( )( - 3 12 +1 12 12 - 2
(x )(x - 2 )( x - 3 ) ( x +1)(x - 2 )( x - 3 ) 3
= ( -8 ) + ( )
( -1)( -3 )( -4 ) (1 )( -2 )( -3 )
( x +1)(x )(x - 3 ) 1 + ( x +1)(x )(x - 2 ) 12
+ () ( )
(3 )(2 )( -1) (13 )(12 )(10 )
=
(x )(x - 2 )( x - 3 ) 2 + ( x +1)( x - 2 )(x - 3 )
3 2
( x +1)(x )(x - 3 ) ( x +1)(x )(x - 2)
+ (1) +
-6 130
What is the need of Newton's and Lagrange's interpolation formulae?
Answer :
To develop interpolation formula for unequally spaced values of x
Find the area under the curve passing through the points (0,0),(1, 2), (2, 2.5),(3, 2.3),(4, 2)
(5,1.7) and (6, 1.5)
Answer :
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y: 0 2 2.5 2.3 2 1.7 1.5
By using Trapezoidal rule
6
h
Area = ∫ ydx = �( y0 + yn ) + 2 ( y1 + y2 + ...... + y5 )��
0
2�
1
= [1.5 + 2(10.5) ]
2
22.5
= = 11.25
2
PART B
Using Lagranges interpolation find the value of f (3), from the following
x : Get
0 1
Unique 2 materials
study 5 from www.rejinpaul.com
f (x) : 2
3 12 147
(x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x2
)(x - x3 )
y(x ) = y0 + y1
( x0 - x1 )( x0 - x2 )(x0 - x3 ) (x1 - x0 )( x1 - x2 )(x1 - x3 )
( x - x0 )( x - x1 )( x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x1 )(x - x2 )
+ y2 + y3
( x2 - x0 )( x2 - x1 )(x2 - x3 ) (x3 - x0 )( x3 - x1 )(x3 - x2 )
=
( x -1)( x - 2 )( x - 5 ) 2 + ( x - 0 )( x - 2 )( x - 5 ) 3
( 0 -1)( 0 - 2 )( 0 - 5 ) (1 - 0 )(1 - 2 )(1 - 5 )
+
( x - 0 )( x -1)( x - 5 ) 12 + ( x - 0)( x -1)( x - 2) 147
(2 - 0 )( 2 -1)( 2 - 5 ) (5 - 0 )(5 -1 )(5 - 2 )
=
( x - 1)( x - 2 )( x - 5 ) 2 + ( x - 0 )( x - 2 )( x - 5 ) 3
(0 -1)( 0 - 2 )( 0 - 5 ) (1- 0 )(1 - 2 )(1 - 5 )
+
( x - 0 )( x -1)( x - 5 ) 12 + ( x - 0)( x - 1)( x - 2) 147
(2 - 0 )( 2 -1)( 2 - 5 ) (5 - 0 )(5 -1 )(5 - 2 )
f (3) = 35
Using Newton's forward interpolation formula, find the polynomial f (x) satisfying the following
data. Hence evaluate f (x) at x =5
x : 4 6 8 10
f (x) : 1 3 8 10
Answer :
x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y
4 1 3 -1 = 2 5- 2 = 3 - 3 - 3 = -6
6 3 8- 3=5 2 - 5 = -3
8 8 10 - 8 = 2
10 10
n(n - 1) 2 n(n -1)(n - 2) 3
y = y0 + n∆y0 + ∆ y0 + ∆ y0
2 2
� x - x0 � � x - 4 �
x = x 0 - nh � n = � �=� �
� h � � 2 �
� x - 4 �� x - 4 � x -�4 x - 4 � � x - 4
� � � -1 � � � � � � - 2 ��
� x- 4� � 2 � � 2 -1�� 3 + � 2 � � 2 �� 2 �-6
y(x) = 4 + � �2+
� 2 � 2 6
� x - 4 �� x - 6 �
� ��
� 2 �� 2 � � x - 4 �� x - 6 �� x - 8 �
= 1+ x - 4 + 3+ � �� ( -1)
2 � 2 �� 2 �� 2 �
3 1
= x - 3 + ( x - 4 )( x - 6 ) - ( x - 4 )( x - 6 )( x - 8 )
8 Unique study
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3 2 1
= x - 3 + �� x -10x + 24 �� -
�� x 3 -10x 2 + 24x - 8x 2 + 80x - 192 ��
1
y(x) = �-x 3 +19x 2 - 106x + 192 ��
8
y(5) = 1.5
Compute f '(0) and f ''(4) from the following data
x : 0 1 2 3 4
f (x) : 1 2. 718 7.381 20. 08 6 54.598
Answer :
x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y ∆4 y
0 1 1. 71 8 2. 945 5.097
1 2. 71 8 4. 66 3 8. 042 13.765 8. 66 8
2 7.381 12.705 21.807
3 20. 08 6 34.512
4 54. 59 8
� dy � 1� 1 2 1 1
� � = � ∆y ∆ y0 + ∆ 3 y0 - ∆ 4 y0 ��
� dx � x= x 0 h �- 2 3 4 �
0
1� 1 1 1
= �1.718 - (2.945) + (5.097) - (8.668)��
1� 2 3 4 �
= [1.718 - 1.4725 + 1.699 - 2.167 ]
= -0.2225
2
dx
Evaluate ∫ x2 + x +1
0
to three decimals, dividing the range of integration into 8 equal parts
using Simpson's rule
Answer :
x: 0 0.25 0. 5 0. 7 5 1 1. 25 1 .5 0 1. 75 2
f (x) : 1 0. 76 19 0.5714 0.4324 0. 33 33 0. 26 2 2 0. 21 05 0.1720 0.1428
I = 0.8239
Question : 5 [ AUC M / J 2011, M / J 2013 ]
From the following table of half yearly premium for policies maturing at different ages,
estimate the premium for policies maturing at age 46 and 63.
Age x: 45 50 55 60 65
Premium y : 114.84 96.16 83.32 74.48 6 8. 48
Answer :
x Get Unique
y study
∆y materials from www.rejinpaul.com
45
∆2 y ∆3 y ∆4 y
114 . 84 - 18.68 Downloaded
5. 8 4 - 1.8from
4 www.Rejinpaul.com
96.16 - 12.84 4 - 1.16 0 . 68
83.32 - 8.84 2. 84
74.48 -6
68.48
n(n -1) 2 n(n -1)(n - 2) 3 n(n -1)(n - 2) 4
y(x) = y0 + n∆y0 + ∆ y0 + ∆ y0 + ∆ y0
2 3 4
y(46) = 110.53
Using Newton's backward interpolation we have
n(n +1) 2 n(n +1)(n + 2) 3 n(n +1)(n + 2) 4
y(x) = y0 + n�y0 + � y0 + � y0 + � y0
2 3 4
y(63) = 70.5851
U si n g Newton's divided difference formula , find the values of f (2) and f(8), f (15)
from the following data
x: 4 5 7 10 11 13
f (x) : 48 10 0 29 4 900 12 10 20 28
Answer :
x f (x) φ f (x) φ 2 f (x) φ 3 f (x) φ 4 f (x)
4 48 52 15 1 0
5 100 97 21 1 0
7 294 202 27 1
10 900 310 33
11 1210 409
13 202 8
Mf .(x)
MA= RIAf (x0 ) + (x - x0 )φ f (x0 ) + (x - x0 )(x - x1)φ 2 f (x0 ) + .....
= 4 48
Using Lagranges interpolation find the value of f (3), from the following
x : 5 6 9 11
f (x) : 12 13 14 16
Answer :
(x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x2 )(x - x3 )
y(x) = y0 + y1
( x0 - x1 )( x0 - x2 )(x0 - x3 ) ( x1 - x0 )( x1 - x2 )(x1 - x3 )
(x - x0 )( x - x1 )( x - x3 ) (x - x0 )( x - x1 )(x - x2 )
+ y2 + y3
( x2 - x0 )( x2 - x1 )(x2 - x3 ) (x3 - x0 )(x3 - x1 )(x3 - x2 )
(x - 6 )( x - 9 )( x -11 ) 12 + ( x - 5 )(x - 9 )(x - 11 )
= 13
(5 - 6 )(5 - 9 )(5 -11 ) (13 - 5 )(13 - 9 )(13 -11 )
(x - 5 )( x - 6 )( x - 11 ) 14 + ( x - 5 )(x - 6 )(x - 9 )
+ 16
9 Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
[ ]
The table given below gives the velocity V of a moving particle at time t seconds. Find
the distance covered by the particle in 12 seconds and also the acceleration at t = 2
seconds using Simpson's rule.
x : 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
V : 4 6 16 34 60 94 136
Answer :
ds dv
We know that =v a=
dt dt
12
S = ∫ vdt
0
2 �
= �� ( 4 + 136) + 2 (16 + 60 ) + 4 (6 + 34 + 94 ) ) �
3
= 55 2
� dv �
Acceleration = a = � �
� dt �t= 2
Now we form difference table
t v ∆v ∆2v ∆ 3v
0 4 2
2 6 10 8
4 16 18 8 0
6 34 26 8 0
8 60 34 8 0
10 94 42 8 0
12 136
� dv � 1 � ∆y 1 2 1 1
� � = �- ∆ y0 + ∆3 y0 - ∆ 4 y0 ��
� dt � t = 2 h � 2 3 4 �
0
= 3m / s 2
π
By dividing the range into 10 equal parts, evaluate ∫ sin xdx

0
by Trapezoidal and Simpson's
rile. Verify your answer with actual integration.

Answer :
π 2π 3π 4π 5π 6π 7π 8π 9π
x :0 π
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
y:0
0.3090 0.5878 0.8090 0.9511 1 0.9511 0.8090 0.5878 0.3090 0
(i). By Trapezoidal rule Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
π
I= �( 0 + 0 ) + 2 (0.3090 + 0.5878 + 0.8090 + 0.9511+1+ 0.9511+ 0.8090 + 0.5878 + 0.3090 )��
20 �
= 1. 98 43
(ii). By Simpson's method
I = 2. 00 09 1
The population of a certain town is given below. Find the rate of growth of the population
in 1931, 1941, 1961 and 1971
Year x : 1 93 1 194 1 1 95 1 196 1 19 71
Population y : 40.62 60.80 7 9. 95 103.56 132.65
Answer :
x y ∆y ∆2 y ∆3 y ∆4 y
193 1 40.62 2 0. 68
194 1 60 . 80 1 9. 15 - 1. 03 5. 4 9 - 4. 47
195 1 79 . 95 2 3. 61 4.46 1. 02
196 1 10 3. 5 6 2 0. 09 5.48
197 1 13 2. 65
(i). To find f '(1931) and f '(1941) we use forward formula

x0 = 1931 x1 = 1941.....
� dy �
� � = 2.36425
� dx � x=1931
� dy �
� � = 1.8377
� dx � x=1941
� dy �
� � = 2.65525
� dx � x=1961
� dy �
� � = 3.10525
� dx � x=1971
UNIT – V:NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
PART A

Using Euler's method solve the following differential equation
y ' = - yGet ject to ystudy
subUnique (0) = 1 materials from www.rejinpaul.com
Answer :
Given f (x, y ) = y0 + hf (x0 , y0 ) Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
= 1+ h(- y0 )
=1+ (x - x0 )(- y0 )
=1+ (x - 0)(-1)
=1- x

Write the Milne's Predictor - Corrector formula.
Answer :
4h 14h 5 5
yn+1 = yn-3 + ( 2 y 'n-2 - y 'n-1 + 2 y 'n ) + y
3 45
h h5 5
yn+1 = yn-1 + (y ' n-1+ 4 y ' n+ y ' n+1 ) - y
3 90

State the merits of RK method over Taylor series method
Answer :
1. RK methods do not require prior calculation of heights derivatives of y(x)
as the Taylor method does\
2. Since the differential equations are using in applications often complicated, the
calculation of derivatives may be difficult.
3. Also the RK formulas involve the computation of f (x, y) at variuos positions,
instead of derivatives and this function occur in the given equation.

dy d 2 y
Write the central difference approximations fo r ,
dx dx 2
Answer :
1
y= [ yi+1 - yi-1 ]
2h
1
y = 2 [ yi-1 - 2 yi + yi+1 ]
h

dy
Using Taylor series method, find y at x = 0.1, given = x2 - y , y(0) = 1
dx
correct to 4 decimal places
Answer :
y ' = x 2 - y, x0 = 0 , y0 = 1 x1 = 0.1, h = 0.1
y ' = x2 - y y0 ' = x0 2 - y0 = -1
y '' = 2x - y ' y0 '' = 2x0 - y0 ' = 1
y ''' = 2 - y '' y0 ''' = 2 - y0 '' = 1
y iv = - y ''' y0iv = - y0 ''' = -1Downloaded from www.Rejinpaul.com
h2 h3 h4
y1 = y0 + hy0 '+ y0 ''+ y0 '''+ y0iv + ....
2! 3! 4!
2
(0.1) (0.1)3 (0.1)4
y (0.1) = 1+ (0.1)(-1) + (1) + (1) + (-1) + ...
2 6 24
(0.1)2 (0.1)3 (0.1)4
=1- 0.1+ (1) + (1) + (-1) + ...
2 6 24
= 1- 0.1+ 0.005 + 0.000167 - 0.000004
= 0. 90 516 3

Compute y at x = 0.25 by Modified Euler method given y ' = 2 xy, y(0) = 1
Answer :
Question : 7 AUC N / D 2012

Bring out the merits and demerits of Taylor series method
Answer :
The method gives a straight forward adaptation of classic calculus to develop
the solution as an infinite series. It is a powerful single step method if we are able
to find the successive derivaties easily. If f (x, y) involves some c omplicated algebraic
structures then the calculation of higher derivatives becomes tedious and the method
fails. This is the major drawback of this method.
dy
Find y (0.1) by Euler's method , if = x 2 + y 2 , y(0) = 1
dx
Answer :
Given f (x, y) = x 2 + y 2 , x0 = 0 , y0 = 1, h = 0.1, x1 = 0.1
� h h
yn+1 = yn + h f � xn + , yn + f (xn , yn ) ��..........................(1)
� 2 2 �
� h h
y1 = y0 + h f � x0 + , y0 + f (x0 , y0 ) ��
� 2 �
2
f (x0 , y0 ) = x0 2 + y0 2 = 0 +1 = 1
� 0..1 0.1 �
y1 = 1+ (0.1) f �0 + , 1+
� 2 2 ��
Get= 1+ (0.1) f [0.0study
Unique 5,1.05 ] materials from www.rejinpaul.com
= 1+ (0.1) f �( 0.05 ) + (1.05 ) �
2
Downloaded
2
from www.Rejinpaul.com
� �
= 1+ (0.1)(1.105)
= 1.1105
P ART B
Question : 1 [ AUC M / J 2013, 2011]
Using modified Euler method, find y (0.2), y (0.1) given
dy
= x 2 + y 2 , y(0) = 1
dx
Answer :
Given f (x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 , x0 = 0 , y0 = 1, h = 0.1, x1 = 0.1
� h h
y n+1 = y n + h f � xn + , y n + f (xn , y n ) �� ..........................(1)
� 2 2 �
� h h
y1 = y0 + h f � x0 + , y0 + f (x0 , y0 ) ��
� 2 2 �
f (x0 , y0 ) = x0 2 + y0 2 = 0 +1 = 1
� 0..1 0.1 �
y1 = 1+ (0.1) f � 0 + , 1+
� 2 2 ��
= 1+ (0.1) f [ 0.05,1.05 ]
= 1+ (0.1) f � ( 0.05 ) + (1.05 ) �
2 2
� �
= 1+ (0.1)(1.105)
= 1.1105
Using R unge-Kutta method of fourth order , solve
dy y 2 - x 2
= , given y(0) = 1 at x = 0.2
dx y 2 + x 2
Answer :
y 2 - x2
Given y ' = f (x, y) = , x0 = 0 , y0 = 1, x1 = 0.2 , h = 0.2
y 2 + x2
k1 = h f (x0 , y0 )
� y0 2 - x0 2 �
= (0.2) � 2 2 �
= 0.2
� y0 + x0 �
� h k1 �
k 2 = h f � x0 + , y0 + �
� 2 2�
� 0.2 0.2 �
= (0.2) f � 0 + , 1+
� 2 2 ��
= (0.2) f [ 0.1 , 1.1]
� (1.1)2 - ( 0.1) 2 �
= (0.2) � �
�� (1.1) + ( 0.1) ��
2 2
� 1.2 �
= (0.2) �
1.22 �
Get� Unique � study materials from www.rejinpaul.com
4
= (0.2) 0.9836
= 0.19672
� h 0. 19672 �
k3 = h f � x0 + , y0 + �
� 2 2 �
= (0.2) f [0.1, 1.0983]
� (1.0983 )2 - ( 0.1) 2 �
= (0.2) � �
�� (1.0983 ) + ( 0.1) ��
2 2
= 0.1967
k 4 = h f [ x0 + h , y0 + k 3 ]
= (0.2) f ( 0.2, 1.1967 )
� (1.1967 )2 - ( 0.2 ) 2 �
= (0.2) � �
�� (1.1967 ) + ( 0.2 ) ��
2 2
= 0.1891
1
∆y = [ k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k4 ]
6
= 0.19598
y (0.2) = y1 = y0 + ∆y = 1+ 0.19598 = 1.19598
Using Taylor method, compute y(0.2) and y(0.4) correct to 4 decimal places
dy
given = 1 - 2 xy and y (0) = 0 by taking h = 0 .2
dx
Answer :
y ' = 1- 2 xy Here x0 = 0, y0 = 0 , h = 0.2
y '' = -2( xy '+ y) y '0 = 1- 2x0 y0 = 1
y ''' = -2( xy ''+ 2 y '') y ''0 = 0
y iv = -2( xy '''+ 3y '') y '''0 = -4
y v = - 2( xy iv + 4 y ''') y 0 iv = 0
By Taylor series
h2 h3 h 4 iv
y1 = y0 + hy0 '+ y0 ''+ y0 '''+ y0 + ....
2! 3! 4!
0.2 ( 0.2) ( 0.2) (-4) + ( 0.2) (0) + ( 0.2) (32)
2 3 4 5
y1 = y (0.2) = 0 + + 0+
1 2! 6 24 120
= 0.2 - 0.00533333 + 0.0000853333 = 0.194752

Now again starting with x = 0.2
x0 = 0.2, y0 = 0.19475200
y '0 = 1- 2x0 y0 = 0.9220
y ''0 = -0.75834
y '''0 = -3.3850
y2 = 0.35988
dy
Consider the initial value problem = y - x 2 +1, y(0) = 0.5, using modified Euler's
dx
method find y(0.2)
Answer :
Given f (x, y) = y - x 2 +1, x0 = 0, y0 = 0.5, h = 0.2, x1 = 0.2
� h h
yn+1 = yn + h f � xn + , y n + f ( xn , y n ) ��
� 2 2 �
� h h
y1 = y0 + h f � x0 + , y0 + f ( x0 , y0 ) �
� 2 2 � �
� 0.2 0.2
= 0.5 + (0.2) f � 0 + , 0.5 + f ( 0, 0.5 ) ��
� 2 2 �
= 0.5 + (0.2) f ��0.1, 0.5 + (0.1) {0.5 - 0 +1}��
= 0.5 + (0.2) f [0.1,0.65 ]
= 0.828
Using Milne's method find y(4.4) given 5xy '+ y 2 - 2 = 0, given y (4) = 1
y(4.1) = 1.0049, y (4.2) = 1.0097 , y(4.3) = 1.0143
Answer :
2 - y2
y' = , x0 = 4, x1 = 4.1, x2 = 4.2 , x3 = 4.3
5x
x4 = 4.4 , y0 = 1, y1 = 1.0049, y2 = 1.0097 , y3 = 1.0143
2 - y12
y1 ' = = 0.0493
5x1
2 - y2 2
y2 ' = = 0 . 04 67
5x2
2 - y32
y3 ' = = 0. 04 52
5x3
4h
3
y4. p = y0 + 2 y1 '- y2 '+ 2 y ' 3
= 1.01897
Find y(0.8) given that y ' = y - x 2 , y(0.6) = 1.7379 by using RK method of order
four taking h = 0.1
Answer :
Given y ' = f (x, y ) = y - x 2 , x0 = 0.6 , y0 = 1.7379 , h = 0.1
k1 = h f (x0 , y0 )
= (0.1) �� y0 - x0 2 �� = 0.2 = 0.13779
� h k1 �
k 2 = h f � x0 + , y0 + �
� 2 2�
� 0.1 0.13779 �
= (0.1) f �0.6 + , 1.7379 + �
� 2 2 �
= (0.2) f [0.65, 1.806795 ]
= 0.13843
� h 0.19672 �
k3 = h f � x0 + , y0 + �
� 2 2 �
= (0.1) f [0.65, 1.807115 ]
= 0.13846
k 4 = h f [ x0 + h , y0 + k 3 ]
= (0.1) f ( 0.7 , 1.87636 )
= 0.13864
1
∆y = [ k1 + 2k2 + 2k3 + k 4 ]
6
= 0.13837
y(0.7) = y1 = y0 + ∆y = 1.876

d2y
Solve by the BVP - y = 0, with y(0) = 0, y(1) = 1 using
dx 2
finite difference method with h = 0.2
Answer :
Downloaded
1 from www.Rejinpaul.com
Given y ''- y = 0 ............(1) h = 0.2 =
5
yk -1 - 2 yk + yk +1
y '' =
h2
yk -1 - 2 yk + yk +1
(1) � - yk = 0
h2
yk -1 - 2 yk + yk +1 - h 2 yk
=0
h2
yk -1 - 2 yk + yk +1 - h 2 yk = 0
1
yk -1 - 2 yk + yk +1 - yk = 0
25
25yk -1 - 50 yk + 25yk +1 - yk = 0
25yk -1 - 51yk + 25yk +1 = 0
Put k = 1, 2,3, 4 we get
25y0 - 51y1 + 25y2 = 0.............(2)
25y1 - 51y2 + 25 y3 = 0............(3)
25y2 - 51y3 + 25y4 = 0...........(4)
25y3 - 51y4 + 25y5 = 0...........(5)
Solving the above equations we get
y1 = 0.1714 y 2 = 0 . 349 7 y3 = 0.5419 y4 = 0.7558


Statictics Maths 2 Marks - 2

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QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS

SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM

UNIT – I:TEATING OF HYPOTHESIS

Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

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Question : 6 [ AUC N / D 2010 ]

Question : 7 [ AUC N / D 2011]

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Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

Question : 4 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

1. The parameter of interest is σ 12 and σ 2 2

Question : 5 AUC M / J 2011

Question : 6 [ AUC M / J 2011]

Question : 8 [ AUC M / J 2011]

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Question : 9 AUC M / J 2013

The expected frequencies are calculated using the following formula:

Question :12 AUC M / J 2013

QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS

SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM

UNIT – II:DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2011]

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Question : 6 [ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Question : 7 [ AUC N / D 2012 ]

Latin Square Design :

Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Total TSS = 113

Question : 8 [ AUC M / J 2011 ]

QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS

SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM

UNIT – III:SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS

Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Put x = y = z = 0 in the following right side we get

Question :10 :[ AUC M / J 2013 ]

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QUESTION BANK - ANSWERS

SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM

UNIT – IV:INTERPOLATION, NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION

Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

using Simpson's rule

Now we form difference table

By dividing the range into 10 equal parts, evaluate ∫ sin xdx

rile. Verify your answer with actual integration.

(i). To find f '(1931) and f '(1941) we use forward formula

SEMESTER: IV MA 2266 - STAT AND NM

UNIT – V:NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Question :1 [ AUC M / J 2011]

Question : 2 [ AUC M / J 2011]

Question : 3 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

Question : 4 [ AUC M / J 2012 ]

Question : 5 [ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Question : 6 [ AUC M / J 2013 ]

Question : 7 AUC N / D 2012

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Question : 7 AUC M / J 2012

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