Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

The first Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) was

developed by a group of engineers a General Motors in
1968, when the company were looking for a alternative to
replace complex relay control systems.

This new control system had to meet the following

requirements:
•Simple programming
•Program changes without system intervention(no internal
rewiring)
•Smaller, cheaper and more reliable than corresponding
relay control systems
•Simple, low cost maintenance
Basic Components of a PLC System
PLC - Program

Central Control Unit Output module

Input module
(Processor)

Sensors Actuators

The function of an input module is to convert incoming

signals into signals, which can be processed by the PLC,
and to pass these to the processor.
The output module converts the PLC signal into signals
suitable for the actuators.
Basic Components of a PLC System
Basic Components of a PLC System
Basic Components of a PLC System
Input Modules
Input Modules
Input Modules
Output Modules
Output Modules
Chassis/Backplane
Chassis and Backplane Examples
Chassis and Backplane Benefits of the
different Forms
Chassis and Backplane
Power Supply
Programming Software
Programming Software
Programming Software
Network Interface
Network Interface
PLCs are part of a Control System
Identification of I/Os
Identification of I/Os
Identification of I/Os
Answer
DI= 4 (Reed switches)
DO= 5 (01 pump ON/OFF and 04 water level indicators)
AI= 2 (Temp. and humidity sensors)
AO=3 (Proportional solenoids operations)
Programming Software
Programming Software
Programming Software
Programming Software

1B1,1B2,2B1 and
2B2 are the
proximity sensors to
sense the end
position of
cylinders

Feeding
device
Programming Software
Programming Software

Make
drive 2A
Make Make Make RWS
drive 1A drive 1A drive 2A
FWD RWS FWD
1Y1,1Y2,2Y1 and
2Y2 are the
solenoid coils to
extend and retract
the drives 1A as
well as 2A.
Programming Software
Example
Programming Software
Example
Programming Software
Example
Programming Software
Example
Programming Software
Programming Software
Electrical Circuit Diagram

DI: 02 (S1 and 1B1)

DO:01(solenoid 1Y1)
Programming Software
PLC Ladder Diagram

I:0.1
I:0.0 O:0.0
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
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Timers & Counters
TOF, Example:

Following the actuation of a push button, the cylinder of a stamping

device is to be extend momentarily. When the push button is
released, the cylinder is to retract only after a stamping period of 30
seconds.
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters
Timers & Counters