Chapter 1 - Introduction To Computers

ECE 513A: Microprocessor System, w/Lab
Academic Units: 3.0 Lab Units: 1.0
• SAT, 1:00 – 7:00 PM

• Instructor: Alexandria T. Shoon, ECE
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 1

Chapter 1
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Define the term,

Explain why computer computer, and describe Describe the five
literacy is vital to the relationship components of a
success in today’s world between data and computer
information
Discuss the advantages

Define the term,
and disadvantages that Discuss the uses of the
network, and identify
users experience when Internet and World
benefits of sharing
working with Wide Web
resources on a network
computers
See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 1
Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system Differentiate among types, Describe the role of each
software and application sizes, and functions of element in an information
software computers in each category system
Explain how home users,

Discuss how society uses
small office/home office
computers in education,
users, mobile users, power
finance, government, health
users, and enterprise users
care, science, publishing,
each interact with
travel, and manufacturing
computers
See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 1
A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

Figure 1-1 Chapter 1
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory.
Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)
Information Processing Cycle
Page 6 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 6

Chapter 1
What Is a Computer?
A computer is a
device that
accepts input
processes data
stores data, and
produces output.

The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data
Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Chapter 1
Input
• Input: information provided to the computer by a person, the

environment, or another computer.
Examples of Input
– words and symbols
– numbers
– pictures
– audio signals from a microphone
– signals from another computer
– temperature, speed, pressures, etc. from sensors
Chapter 1
Input Devices
• Human Direct Input Devices

– Keyboard, mouse, writing tablets, joysticks.
• Human Indirect Input Devices
– Scanners, digital cameras, audio digitizers.
• Automated Sensors
– Alarm switch sensors, weather information
sensors,infrared beams, sound level sensors.

Chapter 1
Processing
• - manipulation of data
– Data are symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas
– A computer program or software is the series of
instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a processing
task
• Examples of Processing
– arithmetic calculations
– sorting a list
– modifying pictures
– drawing graphs

Chapter 1
Storage
• Storage - the area where data can be left on a

permanent basis while it is not needed for
processing

Chapter 1
Storage Types
• Primary Storage - Direct Access to the CPU

– RAM & ROM
• Secondary Storage - Must Be Loaded into RAM
– Hard disks, Floppy disks, CD and DVD
• Tertiary Storage - Slow Backup Medium
– Magnetic tape

Chapter 1
Output Devices
• Output - the result produced by a computer

• Output device –displays, prints, or transmits the results
of processing
• Examples of Output
– images on a monitor
– printed documents
– sounds
– signals to device controllers

Chapter 1
Output Devices
• Human-Oriented Output Devices

– Display screens, printers, sound/speech units, LED/LCD
readouts, etc.
• Automated Controls
– Automatic fire doors, elevator controls, alarm horns,
HVAC systems, answering machines, etc.

Chapter 1
The Components of a Computer

Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers
Speed Health Risks
Reliability Violation of Privacy
Consistency Public Safety
Storage Impact on Labor Force
Communications Impact on Environment
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

Pages 9 - 10 17
Chapter 1
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated when
using a computer
• Strategies include:
– Recycling
– Regulating manufacturing processes
– Extending the life of computers
– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Green Computing
below Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media
Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

19
Chapter 1
Figure 1-6
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

then click The Internet
below Chapter 1
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information
Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

then click Facebook
below Chapter 1
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
then click Windows
below Chapter 1
Figures 1-10 - 1-11 Chapter 1
Computer Software
• Installing is the process of setting up software to

work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

Computer Software
• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information
Page 18 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

25
Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers

Chapter 1
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Figures 1-15 - 1-16 Chapter 1
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device
can carry from place to small enough to hold in
place your hand
Examples include
Examples include
smart phones, PDAs,
notebook computers,
handheld computers,
laptop computers,
portable media
netbooks, ultra-thins,
players, and digital
and Tablet PCs
cameras

Chapter 1
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phone
PDA
then click Camera Phone
below Chapter 1
Figures 1-17 – 1-20 Chapter 1
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
then click Digital Cameras
below Chapter 1
Game Consoles
• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

31
Servers
• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

32
Chapter 1
Figure 1-25
Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful
computer that can handle
hundreds or thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
• (often colloquially
referred to as Big Iron)
are computers used
mainly by large
organizations for critical
applications

33
Chapter 1
Figure 1-26
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful

computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second
Ex. The Cray-2, the
world's fastest
computer from 1985
to 1989

• As of November 2013, China's Tianhe-
2 supercomputer is the fastest in the world at
33.86 petaFLOPS, or 33.86 quadrillion floating point
operations per second

Chapter 1
Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

Chapter 1
Embedded Computers

Elements of an Information System
Hardware Software Data
People Procedures
then click Women in
Technology below Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Elements of an Information System

Examples of Computer Usage
Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

• Personal financial management Office User • Connect to other computers on
• Web access • Look up information a network or the Internet
• Communications • Send and receive e-mail • Transfer information
• Entertainment messages • Play video games
• Make telephone calls • Listen to music
• Watch movies

then click Minorities in
Technology below Chapter 1
Pages 28 – 31 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 40
Examples of Computer Usage
Power User Enterprise User

• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
• Use industry-specific employees
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

then click Enterprise
Computing below Chapter 1
Pages 31 – 32 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 41
Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
then click OnStar
Manufacturing
below Chapter 1
System Components
• Display Device
(Monitor or LCD
screen)
• System Unit
• CD ROM drive
• Floppy disk drive
• Hard disk drive
• Keyboard
• Mouse
Peripherals
• A peripheral device designates equipment that

might be added to a computer system to enhance
its functionality
• Examples:
– Printer
– Digital camera
– Scanner
– Joystick

Chapter 1
Summary
Basic computer Components of a

concepts computer
Many different
categories of
Networks, the Internet,
computers, computer
and computer software
users, and computer
applications in society
Chapter 1
Assignment # 1
• 3 Brands/Models classified accdg. to the

categories
• 30 Computer Peripherals

Chapter 1
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 1 Complete

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ECE 513A: Microprocessor System, w/Lab

Academic Units: 3.0 Lab Units: 1.0

• SAT, 1:00 – 7:00 PM

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 1

Define the term,

Discuss the advantages

See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3

Explain how home users,

See Page 3 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 6

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 7

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8

• Input: information provided to the computer by a person, the

• Human Direct Input Devices

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 10

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 11

• Storage - the area where data can be left on a

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 12

• Primary Storage - Direct Access to the CPU

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 13

• Output - the result produced by a computer

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 14

• Human-Oriented Output Devices

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 15

Page 7 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 16

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

Click to view Web Link,

Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

Click to view Web Link,

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Pages 12 - 13 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 21

• A social networking Web site encourages

Click to view Web Link,

• Software, also called a program, tells the

• Installing is the process of setting up software to

Pages 16 - 17 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 24

Page 18 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 26

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 27

Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 28

Portable media player

Page 24 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

• A server controls access

Page 25 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

Page 25 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful