Mansoor Shaukat 1

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Mansoor Shaukat

Multistage Amplifiers

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Multistage Amplifiers
• Practical transistor amplifier consists of number of stages
connected in cascade.
Mansoor Shaukat
• First stage, in addition to providing gain, also provides high input
resistance when an amplifier is fed from a high resistance source.
– In differential amplifiers, the input stage must also provide large
common mode rejection.
• The function of middle stages is to provide the bulk of voltage gain.
In addition, functions such as:-
– Conversion of differential to single-ended if required.
– Shifting of dc level in order to allow signal swing both positive and
negative.
• The last or output stage is to provide low output resistance in order
to avoid loss of gain when low valued load is connected to the
amplifier.
• Current capacity
• Power efficiency

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 A 4-stage Bipolar Op Amp 4

• The circuit consists of four stages.

• The input stage is differential in differential out.
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• The second stage is differential in but its output is taken single-
endedly.
• The third stage is the dc level shifter.
• The output stage of the op-amp consists of emitter follower.

• Note : Emitter-follower because the signal voltage at the emitter follows that at the base.

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 Multistage Amplifiers
+ 15 V

2.3 k
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20 k 20 k
3k VE7 = 12.7 V
Vc5 = 12 V
VC1 = 10 V VB5 = 10 V Q7

Q4 Q5 IE7 = 1 mA

Q1 Q2
vid Q8
VE5 = 9.3 V VB8 = 0.7 V
VE1 = -0.7 V
Vo
IC5 = 1 mA
28.6 k VE8 = 0 V
IE1 = 0.25 mA
15.7 k 3k
IC3 = 0.5 mA IE8 = 5 mA
VC9 = - 14.3 V Q6
Q3
Q9 X4
IC9 = 0.5 mA
VB9 = - 14.3 V
IC6= 4X0.5 mA = 2 mA
- 15 V

(……the dc analysis)
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Mansoor Shaukat

Voltage gain of a Multistage Amplifier

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 Multistage Amplifiers
Ri3
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2.3 k
20 k 20 k
3k

Q7

Q4
Q1 Q2 Q5 ic7
vid

Vo

15.7 k 3k

Rid

Ri2 Ri4
(Determining voltage gain)
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Mansoor Shaukat

Voltage gain of a Multistage Amplifier

Using Current Gains Method

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Mansoor Shaukat Multistage Amplifiers

2.3 k
20 k 20 k
ib5 3 k ib7

Q7
ii ic2 ic5
Q4
ic1 Q5 ic7
Q1 Q2 ib5
vid Q8
ie8
ib8
ii Vo
15.7 k 3k

(Determining voltage gain using current gains method)

Mansoor Shaukat

A smooth sea never made a

skilled sailor.
(English Proverb)