ENTREP  helps in avoiding confusion,

uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.

Organizing - determining & providing
LESSON 1 human and non-human resources. It
MANAGEMENT involves:
 activities directed at the efficient and  Identification of activities.
effective utilization of resources  Classification of grouping of
 “Management is an art of knowing activities.
what to do, when to do and see that  Assignment of duties.
it is done in the best and cheapest  Delegation of authority and
creation of responsibility.
way” - F.W Taylor
 Coordinating authority and
responsibility relationships.
*Objectives Staffing - Putting the right man on the right
 Getting Maximum Results with job. It involves:
Minimum  Manpower Planning (estimating
 Increasing the Efficiency of factors of man power, choose the person
Production and giving the right place).
 Maximum Prosperity for Employer &  Recruitment, Selection &
Employees Placement
 Human betterment & Social Justice  Training & Development
 Remuneration
*Functions  Performance Appraisal
 Promotions & Transfer
According to Henry Fayol, to manage is to : Directing - actuates the organizational
 Forecast methods to work efficiently for achievement
 Plan of organizational purposes through:
 Organize  Supervision- It is the act of watching
 Command & directing work & workers.
 Control  Motivation- means inspiring,
stimulating or encouraging the
According to Luther Gullick, it involves: subordinates with zeal to work.
 Planning, Positive, negative, monetary, non-
 Organizing monetary incentives may be used for
 Staffing this purpose
 Directing  Leadership- manager guides and
 Coordination influences the work of subordinates
 Reporting in desired direction.
 Budgeting  Communications- passing
information, experience, opinion etc
But the most widely accepted functions are from one person to another. bridge
the following given by Koontz and O’Donnel: of understanding.
 Planning Controlling - process of checking whether
 Organizing or not proper progress is being made
 Staffing towards the objectives and goals and acting
 Directing if necessary, to correct any deviation
 Controlling
Planning - is determination of courses of Therefore controlling has following steps:
action to achieve desired goals.  Establishment of standard performance.
 is a systematic thinking about ways  Measurement of actual performance.
& means for accomplishment of pre-
determined goals.
  Comparison of actual performance with
the standards and finding out deviation if
any.
 Corrective action.
LESSON 2
COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT
 Systematic planning, implementing,
monitoring and revision of all the
channels of within and between orgs
 Dissemination of new
communication directives connected
with an organization, network, or
communications technology
3 Aspects of Comm Management
1. Developing corporate
communication strategies
 Corporate comm strats -
specific strategy developed in
the organization and aimed at
implementing core company
goals, etc
2. Designing internal and external
communications directives
 Formal presentations
 Memos
 Traditional mails
 Fax machines
 Employee publications
 Bulletin boards
 Audio and video tapes
 Hotlines
 Email
 Computer conferencing
 Voice mail
 Teleconferences
 videoconferences
LESSON 3
COMMUNICATION AUDIT - regular,
extensive problem-oriented analysis of
comm structures, patterns, and behavior.
 To monitor (how well the present
comm system meet the needs of the
organization)
 To evaluate (whether or not the
current practices are actually
working)
WHY conduct?
Environment changes outside the
organization such as shifts in political
alliance, emerging social values, new techs,
population shifts and even oil price change
(+) enables the organization to identify
aspects of current comm patterns that
needs modification
(+) identify potential and existing conflict
situations

THE AUDITING PROCESS

3. Managing the flow of comm,
including online comm Step 1 - Identifying concepts describing the
Main methods of communication: current comm practices
 Written
 Verbal Key concepts
 Electronic 1. Comm Structure - repetitive patterns
 Body language of comm exchange (may be
 Visual comm formal/informal)
Interpersonal Comm Methods 2. C. flow and exchange - direction of
 Face-to-face information flow
 Telephone 3. Message quality - nature of the
 Group meetings information being disseminated
 4. Communication channel - media
channels and info systems used as
tools for disseminating content
5. Comm load - amount of time and
effort spent in communicating and
processing information
6. Comm rates - time it takes for a
message to flow and reach the
intended message
Step 2 - Choosing and implementing
research techniques in monitoring and
documenting current communication
patterns
Five approaches
1. Duty study - recording
communication behavior and either
continuously or periodically record
the nature of comm (basta dito, yung
respondents ang magrerecord sa
sarili nila)
2. Use of observers - observers
accompany key respondents and
record their behavior (ibang tao ang
magrerecord ng behavior)
3. Cross-sectional
interview/questionnaire - “standard”
social science research technique.
Members are asked to report their
overall patterns of interaction
4. Small-world technique - based on
following a message destined to a
specified receiver. (flow of msg is
traced from person to person)
5. Study of diffusion of selected
messages - focuses on the actual
pathways many types of messages
follow in their movement through
organization
Step 3 - developing criteria or indicators for
the evaluation to which current patterns
meet current needs of the organization
Example, corporate messages should be
audited in terms of their degree of accuracy,
timeliness, frequency, etc.
Step 4 - implementation of programs and
activities to correct differences in comm
patterns
Barriers In Comm Audit
 Resistance to auditing
 How to deal with confidential
information (for external editors)
Internal VS External Auditors
*Internal Auditors
(+) dont need orientation about the
corporation
(+) meet lesser problems abt confidentiality
(+) auditors may enjoy trust and confidence
of their co-workers
(+) auditing develops new skills and
perspectives
(+) less expense
(-) few companies have in-house
capabilities in conducting a scientific
and credible comm audit
(-) familiarity of the auditor may
prevent the creation of fresh
perspective of the corporation
(-) company loyalty and friendship
may compromise objectivity of the
report.
*External Auditors*
(+) ensured expertise
(+) more honest opinions and full info
(+) provide a ”fresh” look at the company
(+) auditing may be completed faster
(-) lack of skilled external comm
auditors
(-) more costly
LESSON 4
PROJECT COMMUNICATION
MANAGEMENT
 action element, the integrator of the
process of putting the project
together.
 includes the processes that are
required to ensure timely and
appropriate, planning, collection,
 creation, distribution, storage,
retrieval, management,
control, monitoring and the
ultimate disposition of project
information.
 Activities involved in this process
may often have many potential
dimensions that need to be
considered.
Kinds of Project:
1. Internal (within the project)
2. External (Customer, Vendor, other
Projects, organizations, public)
3. Formal (Reports, minutes,
Briefing) and Informal (email,
memos)
4. Verticals (Up and Down
the organizations) and Horizontal
(with peers)
5. Official ( Newsletter, Annual
report)
Communication Management In Projects
Comm Management - both master and
servant of project control
 essential element
 Without the benefit of a good
communications management
system, the processes involved in
the development of a project from
conception to completion can be
seriously constrained
Transmission Model of Comm
Five Ws of Comm Management
 need to be addressed for a project
or organizational function to be
successful, by means of an effective
communication management
 Guideline lang, may ibang factors na
dapat iconsider such as the cost and
access to information.
1. What information is essential?
2. Who requires information and what type
of information is needed?
3. What is the duration of time required for
the information?
4. What type or format of information is
required?
5. Who are the person/s who will be
responsible for transmitting the collated
information?
Comm Management Plan - is the process
of developing an appropriate approach and
plan for project communications based on
stakeholder’s information needs and
requirements, and available organizational
assets
Key points in preparing a comm plan:
1. Defining the audience - simplest part
 listing the key stakeholders who
need information about the
course of events in the project
2. Defining the requirements - “What do
the key stakeholders want to know?”
3. Building a comm schedule - “When to
do it?”
 should be in coordination with
the project development
schedule
4. Finding the responsible team
member - group who will lead the
communication process is selected
5. Defining the medium of comm -
appropriate medium is selected to ensure that
the information is delivered successfully
6. Preparing the content - content of
communication
 should include the purpose of
the process, the steps involved
in undertaking the process, and
the roles and responsibilities of
team members at the current
stage of the project
 DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION
Acronyms
CSO - civil society organization
HLPF - High Level Political Forum on
Sustainable Development
MDG - Millenium Development Goals
NGO - Non-Government Organization
SDG - Sustainable Development Goals
UN - United Nations
United Nations - established in the
aftermath of the Second World War to help
stabilise international relations and give
peace a more secure foundation
 The primary aims of the UN are:
secure international peace, eliminate
poverty and protect human rights.
 193 members
Sustainable Development - development
that meets the needs of the present without
compromising future generations
*three dimensions of S.D*
(three dimensions are totally
interdependent)
SDGs
 September 2015, world leaders
agreed to 17 Global Goals for
Sustainable Development which
could mean an end to extreme
poverty, inequalities and climate
change by 2030. SDGs follow the
Millennium Development Goals
From MDGs to SDGs
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
were adopted in 2000 as a global ambition
to reduce extreme poverty by 2015. They
were divided into 8 goals, each tackling a
key area of development:
 Poverty
 education
 child mortality
 gender equality
 maternal health
 disease
 environmental protection
 global partnerships
What was achieved through MDG?
1. Income Poverty
2. Primary school enrollment
3. Child mortality
4. Access to water
There are three ways the SDGs are
different from MDGs, they are:
1. Universal -
2. Integrated - SDGs cover all three
dimensions of sustainable
development
3. Inclusive - no one is left behind
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 2015 when the new development
plan was created.
 built on the achievements of the
previous Goals and learnt from their
shortcomings.
 began at the Rio+20 Summit in
June 2012 and focused on the need
to ensure development that is
sustainable
Why do the Sustainable Development
Goals matter?
We can only solve global challenges
like poverty, inequality and climate change
by working together – the SDGs provide
the framework for that to happen.
17 GOALS
169 TARGETS
230 INDICATORS
The leaders of all 193 member states of the
United Nations agreed on the Goals, on 25
September 2015, in a ceremony at its
headquarters in New York.
Human Development - expanding the
richness of human life rather than the
economy
 Approach focused on creating fair
opportunities and choices for all
people
*Areas
 People - improving lives, income
growth
 Opportunities - more freedom and
opportunity
 Choices - more choices: more
opportunities
*Dimensions of Human Development
1. Directly enhancing human abilities
 Long and healthy life
 Knowledge
 Decent standard of living
2. Creating condition for human
development
 Participation in political and community
life
 Environmental sustainability
 Human security and rights
 Gender equality
Primary needs daw ng tao ay health
education, and income.
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION
 Art and science of human comm
applied to the speedy transformation
 “The use of communication to
facilitate social development” - Dra.
Nora Quebral, UPLB
DevCom Techniques
 Information dissemination and education
 Behavior change
 Social marketing
 Social mobilization
 Media advocacy
 Communication for social change
 Communication participation
Communication for Development (C4D)
 Use of comm to facilitate social,
human dev’t
 Emancipation communication
Approach
1. Research - KAP (Knowledge,
Attitude, Practice)
2. Campaign and Message Design
3. Execution and Implementation
Areas of Specialization
1. Development Journalism - gathering
and writing of developmental news
and information
 Political, social, economic aspect of
dev’t
 Parang kaparehas ng sa Singapore,
development news ang ganap nila--
lahat puro positive.
2. Science Communication - public comm
that presents science-related topics to non-
experts/general public (ex. Math thinik)
3. Community Comm - media that is created
and controlled by a community,
 Content is generated and circulated
by and within the community (ex.
Radyo Tambuli, Green FM, PBS)
4. Educational Comm and Tech - planning
and designing media-based learning
systems
 Basta more on media sya (ex.
Kahoot! Neo LMS,