Wor WEATHER CONERETIG the pio between fist ising of te comer ad is place ‘ment inthe orm suggested in Procedures A and B, below, dope from ACI 23, Seton 45.200 srnkage compen ‘ating cones These procedures ron ACI223 wore found {fo produce ate of slump loss sila ota expected fora 3040 40 minder time, I. Prepare the bach wing ASTM C 192 procedores, but ad 108 atonal wer ver that normally rege 2. Mix inal in accordance with ASTM C 192 (3 min ining followed by a3 min rex and min reining 5. Determine the slump and records ntl stomp: 4. Contin mixing for 15 in: ‘Determine the amp and yecord ss exited placement slum. Expercnce ha shor hie samp colts with ht expected for 30 1040 min deliver ie. If his sump does at meet the speciation Limits, eer diz and epat he frocedre with an pprprste water ajsimet or a water to gve he required slump and he es the cone nd ‘6. Determine ther properties of fash concrete (emper ‘ure ar conten, unit weigh), and mold strength test Procedure B— 1. Prepare te batch using ASTM C182 procedures forthe specified slum: 2 Mix in accordance with ASTMC 192 (3 min mixing, 3 mines and 2 min eising) and conf tes: 5 Stop the miner and cover he hth with wet rep 4. After 20 mi emis? min, ig water to produce he specie samp. The tal wae inal ater sth remixing ‘wae ean Be expec equal tia recited atthe batch plan {0 give the required jb ste slump, and 5 Deiermin terreno Fest concrete enperaie, ‘Secon unt weigh), and mol-eghest specimens. 2295 Asan alemative method, seo Tullis production boiches may be considered for vention of mixioe proportions, proved the expected gh tempers levels ‘ofthe concrete canbe asined. This may be te prefered ‘method when sing admixtures selected fr extended slump retention. eg: creul recording of atch quant st. the plan and of water aed for shop adjustment before sampling. Sapling procedures of ASTM C 172 shouldbe surely observed CHAPTER 3—PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY 3.4—General Prodeton facies and procedures haul be eapabe of providing te required quality of concrete under ot weather min prod tes eure y he poe Site {actor conto of production and delivery operations should be assured. Concrete plat and delivery ent shouldbe in ood operating condlonLemtentsoppage of deliveries foe o equipment breakdown can be mach more sous under hot weather condons than in moderate weather, Ia hot weather concreting operations, covert placements may be scheduled at times ther than dering yight hous, sich 2 uring the coolest pa ofthe momiag Nighctime prec tin egies good planning ad god lishing sent 32—Temperature control of concrete ‘A21 Concrete can be prouced in hat weather without smaximom Finis on placing temperature and will perform Satsfetrl if proper precautions are ebered in propor ining. production, deliver. pacing and curing. As pat of these precautions, an effort should be made to keep the Ships ven in Appendix A canbe shown, for example- that the temperature of concrete of el proportions can be reduced by TF(08C)if any of he elloing edutions ae ‘aden material emeratues: + 8F(EC) redvton in cement temperate: + 4F(2€)reduconn water temperate: ot + 2FC1Chredcin inthe tempers ofthe agers 3122 Figue 3.2.2 shows the nluence ofthe temperate of cocci igrediens on concrete temperate. As te _reaest poion of corre aggepte, ection of gr {ae temperature brags aboot the greatest reduction Concrete temperature Therefore al practical means shoal te employed to keep the aggregntes a cools posse ‘Shue storage offi and coase appre and spring and fog spraying of coarse apgeptes sock ples under ad ondions wil blp. Spreng of econ agoregates wih ol water can doce aggregate temperature by evaporation diet cooing (Lae 1987), Passing water ou a Op fry saed evaporative cooling tower wl cil the water © ‘he we bul temperature. This procedure will have preter effec nares hot hve low clave Bum, Weng of Sarepates, however, tends to cause varlaons insur ‘moiture and thereby "complies som "contol ‘Atovesround serge tanks for mixing water should be frovided with shade and thermal nslatin.Sitos and Bis ‘vil absorb es beat if coated wih esereectve pains Ping mine sures white 10 misimie salar heat gn wil be f some el. Based on 1h delivery time ona ot. Suny dy corre in aclean mit miner rom shou 2 {03 F (1 015 C) cooler tan na black red mine rum, snd 0.5 F (03 C) cooler tan ina crean-olored drum. If =n ply miner dram sad in be un for on extended period efor cones tached the eat red in he met ould pede coor tempers 0.5191 F(03 10030) Tower fora white ier drom than a yellow or ed mite drum. Spraying the exer ofthe miter dum wih water ‘efor batching o ding Stvry hasbeen suggested 8 ‘mca of minimizing concrete temperature, bt it ean be ‘expected to bea oly maria bene. 323 Seung the meats fr cootng sizeable amounts of floemest ad naan of specie equgnent Tie an nla ching of batch water by water chiles o eat. Pm echriog wel ber mbes chs subsiting, {red oe Make ie for part of theming wate. cooking by liguid nitrogen. Delivery of te required quantity of cooling mera shoul be assure for cach placement Deus orestinating conc temperaies re provide in “Avpendix A. Various cooling metbds ae described in ‘Appendix B. The gene nlucnce ofthe Temperature of[erin roe] © stl semen ret | a ice TT co tog ee sees ee ae [ane fae gy] mann rit | 38€ ord —=j F . soe eo — cone eget ew a SOF HOC) veg tee et tg ea neo e wen “aang nl aust epee 25 see mn web yay, SO pute mag wl by Fig, 22.2—Influence of temperature of concrete ingredients on concrete enperature (Ceci rom equations st Append concrete ingredients coneree lempetatre is caeulsted rom te equations in Appendix A. and shown ia Fig. 3.22 ‘33 Batching and mixing ‘331 Botching and mixing is described in ACI 308R, fiom good practices under somal. weather conditons Prodeing coer ofthe ore samp an cer sciied ropes confnn with ppiable species is sen Tia: An intemapion nth cone plement de to ejecton ay cause he formation os cold oto serous problems in rs epresel he re codition of th ones ‘33 For tvekeised comer, il mixing of appox. ‘mately 7O revelations a the tsch nt foe oransporing ‘il slow an accurste vyrifeuton of fhe condition of the once, primarily Hs slump and sir content. Generally, ently mixed conte cin be specie al 3818 being Siscarged io the tansporaton unit. Slanp can easy change ein changss in mati and concrete care Tere, For example, a undtet change of aly LOS ‘motu content of the fine and coor aggregates could changeup by 1102 in. (251080 mm) (ACT 211). Aneror ‘ange of spoil inthe detection of gene rise complicates moire cont, even with avon Systems Opertrsofen buch concrete in a der codon than desi avd prodcing a stp bihes thn speci, a mall wae sddor maybe esd athe job te 13.33 Hot wouter condone and exended hauling ine may ings aed 1 spite batching roses by hing the cement atthe jo seo ering the seria nh miner dru atthe plant vo kep sme ofthe coment dy and hen ting the concrete aftr arval the joie Tsay 0, however, contbule o cocrt uniformity betwen load. ‘These methods may, 08 ection, ofr the bes slaon ‘lly be provided when all materiale are Heed a he oncete production Tacky. BY sng some elective Feurdng admixtures at appropriate dosages, prefeily in Combination with comenitious materia of slow-sting horace, concrete can be manained fn plceabe ono for extended periods even n hot weaher (ee Section 27), Feld experince jalleates thr concrete set retardation con be extend fer by separasy Bihing the otarding admixture with @ sell portion Of mixing water 1102 gaya (3 vo 10 Li), aller the ome has teen mined for sever! minutes. These adminis, ether th the comeniions maerals ard. ote Ingressor WeATHER conenETWG proposed for te proj, shold be eva in the el for Sse properies. Should he sump blower han equ the te of midrange wer ecing or hiph range welding ‘distur i ecommendd eres the coors sung. ‘3.34 Under ht weather conions the amount of mixing armiiag speedo the miter shouldbe eld tw amiaimam t avoid any umnecesary heat grin of the concrete (ACI 2074R), For efficient mining, miners shouldbe fee of ‘ilu of tardened concrete and excessive wear of mixer blades. As soon athe concrete hasbeen mixed os homo geveous condion all ue dum oaton shuld Ye athe owes apating sped ofthe anit (generally one revolton er min). The drum should not be stopped for extended eid of ime. Theres potential for False seting problems sing the cone to aifenvapily or ei he rum, oF for atening ofthe mixer ols 5.35 Specfcalons goveming theta amber of revolo- ins ofthe drum usual seta iit of 300 revolutions for equi further thorough mixing of te eoneee ST Separate addition of ‘igh-ange, waterreducing somintores + Direc adition of tguié injected niuogen soto he riser asa mean of foerig the conte emperatie: tnd + ifthe conerete esis ts workability without the ad Yin of waiee 34—Delvery ‘Cement hydration, emperaure rise slamp los, ggregate ‘nding, nd ether oso, econ, gai of corer, lloccur wth he passage tine while the concrete ithe risers tae, the perio’ beeen start of mixing to start of placsmen ofthe cover shold be minimized. Coord ating the dispatching of mixer ecks with te rate of concrete placement avoids delays in arival or waiting periods unl discharge. On major concrete plasemens [Provisions shold be made to ave good communications {etween the job se and conerete-podution fact. Major placements sould be scheduled ding periods of lower “ban afc leads. Whes placement i sow, consideration should be given to reducing lod sie, using set-reting mint, or ating cooled concrete 3.5—Slump adjustment Frech cones sbject to slomp loss wth time, whether itis ved in moderate rbot weather. Wit given meri and mixture propoions, he slump change chances between plata Jo se shold be esse. Wh he Timitarons on acura pediing skimp explained in Section 3.3.2, nceraity nae, ad the timing of pacing eras, pears aed bachesart ina der conten 10 avoid a slump higher thn specie. 1, on amv at he job st, the slp is lee than the specified maximum, ional water may be added if the maximum allowable ler content not exceeded. When water ir ded bring, the slump within eqied lini, the drum or lads mest be tured a ational 30 revouons or mre if necessary, at mining speed. For expeditions plscement and effesive consolidation, srucural concrete should hae 8 minima Sump of3 on (78 or 100 mm). Slump increases sould {alowed when chemiealadmintres se wie, proving the adminuceseatedcoscrete his the sme or lOve? wler-cementtios materials ratio (wem) and does net exibi epregation potential, 35—Propertos of concrete mixtures “The proporedmistres could be ible forexpecteg job condos. This parcularly important when there ae no Timis on placing temperatures asthe casein mos general oosracion in the warmer region. Use of cements of ‘ementous malerals tha perform well under hot weather ‘condone, in. combinaion with woierseducing and retarding admintures, can provide concrete of required properies (Miteacber 1985. When using ighvange, Suerredacing and rearing dixie, rods ool be Selected that provided extended slump retention in hot ‘weather Collepard etal 197%; Gueanewig 1988). ny and ‘windy conditions, he seting rt of coer used in Natwork shouldbe adjusted 0 minimize plasic-sinkage cracking oF crating of the saree, withthe lowe ayers pli onion. The type of adjsiment depends on lea climate tions iingf pacman, nd contents, A ‘change in admixture dosage or fomulation ean ale prove the desired seting tine, 8.7—Retempering Recempering is defined as “adtons of water apd remiting of covert or morur which as ost enough work ‘ity to become wnpliceable or unsleble™ (ACI 116R). {Laboratory research, swell sel experience, shows tht strength eduction ad ter derimenta eects are propor. tional the amount of retemperng water added. Therefore, water addons in excess of the proponioned maim ter content or wiem wo compensa fr loss of workability Stouldbeprolibied. ding cenical dixie pariculaly highzangewoterveducing sdmixiwes, may be very effective main workaiiy CHAPTER 4PLACING AND CURING 44—ceneral “41.1 The cequnments for good resus in hot weather concrete placing and curing ae no diferent than in other Seasons. The sae ness exist + Concrete Be handed and transported with 2 mimo of sepregatio ad slump tos + Gonerte be peed whore tito emins + Concrete be paced in Iyer hallow enough to asore ‘bration well int the lye below and that the elapsed time between ayers be mininzed o avid col jos + Consroction ons clined in ACI 224.3 be made on sound, clean concrete + Finishing operation and thse siming be gid ony by {he readneas ofthe concrete or hem, and nothing ele ad + Curing be conducted So that at 9 time during the