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Engineering 138
12
Departmentof Electronics and Communication Engineering
Department
1
Email- naneinaing1990@gmail.com
Abstract- In this system, there are four power sources: Solar, Wind, Generator and Grid Line. Among them solar and
wind are mainly used. When any two sources are not available or only one source is available, the grid line will be used.
Whenen the grid line also does not active, the generator will be turned on and can support to only one load. There are three
kind of loads and can be organized as load-1
load (10 lamps and 3 computers), load-2 (4 computers) and load-3load (an air-con) for
power balance. Main aim for this work is to adjust between available power and consuming power automatically.auto To
sense the input available sources power, voltage
voltage sensing circuit is used. The measurement data from the voltage sensing
circuit is sent into the PIC microcontroller in which suitable algorithm will be done connecting with relays via relay
driver
ver circuit. For software implementation, visual basic programming language is used. To demonstrate the hardware
implementation, PIC 18F4550 microcontroller
microcontroller, voltage sensing circuit and relay setting circuit are used.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the system, there are two main parts: input sources and distributed control system (DCS). Distributed Control
System (DCS) is demonstrated by Graphical User Interface (GUI) in this paper and the reason of controlling the
distribution is to stabilize power balance between input sources and output loads. Graphical User Interface is
completed with the visual basic programming language.. Load sharing can clearly be seen on the computer with GUI.
The following figure is about the overall block diagram of a smart faculty.
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In condition A, power got from only solar or only wind source and load-1 can be used because they can support
power for only one load. For other two loads, EPC source will be check. If power got from EPC, load-1 and load-2
can also be used since EPC can provide for all loads. If not, generator will be turned on and only one load (load 2 as
priority) can be used as it can give power for only one load.
Figure 4: Flow Chart of load sharing when solar or wind only is available
Condition B is for both sources are accessible and load-1 and load-2 can be used. And third load can also be
used whether EPC is active or not because generator will be turned on if EPC is not energetic.
Figure 5: Flow Chart of load sharing when both solar and wind are available
In condition C, all loads can be used when EPC is obtainable and this condition is for both sources are not
active. If EPC cannot support, generator will be turned on and only load-1 can be used as priority in this situation.
Figure 6: Flow chart of load sharing when both two sources are not available
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The table for running assign pins of PIC that connect with relay are shown as below. The PIC pins on the right
side of the table will be going on when the sources on the left side of the table are available.
Table1:
1: Table of available loads and input
i sources
220 V AC
D4 D2 10KΩ PIC
Figure-77 demonstrate the voltage sensing circuit diagram of the system and it is used to sense the power value
of the input sources to decide which sources are active or not. Voltage is reduced by step down transformer from
220V to 5V and then passes through the bridge composed with 4diodes to change AC voltage to DC voltage. In this
circuit, the capacitor (22µF,
F, 25V) is used to reduce the
t ripple, and also used 10KΩ variable resistor to vary the input
voltage to the PIC and 1N4733A zener diode is applied to block the limited voltage into the PIC then connects to the
PIC analog input pins. Then the voltage variation of input sources can be seen in computer via PIC by using visual
basic programming. The circuit construction of voltage sensing circuit is shown below.
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According to the diagram, pin2 to pin8 are used as Analog input pin except pin6, and Port B (pin 33 to pin 40)
and Port D (pin 19 to pin 22 and pin 27 to pin 30) are used as output pins. Pins 24 and 23 are used for USB
U data pins
D+ and D- respectively. For power supply (Vcc), pin 11 is used and pin 12 is used as ground pin (Vss). Pins 9, 10, 16,
17, 25 and 26 are not used and free. The 5V power supply for PIC is now supplied by computer via USB. The circuit
construction of main PIC circuit is also shown below.
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+12V
1N4148 Relay
12V
V
Ω
10KΩ
PIC BC 547
Figure 11: Circuit diagram of relay setting Figure 12: Circuit construction of relay setting of the system
Figure 13: Circuit construction of Overall Circuit of Load Sharing Control System
6VAC
D3 D1
1N4148 Relay 1 N4148 Rel Relay
220 AC 1
1N4148
V 12V ay 12V
D4 Ω
D2 10KΩ 12V
22µF
Step Down 1N4733A Ω
10KΩ 10K Ω Ω
10KΩ
Transformer 25V BC 547 BC BC 547
547
Figure 14:
14 Overall Circuit Diagram of Load Sharing Control System
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A. Condition I
In condition I, only load-11 can be used because only one source (solar) is active. But all loads can be used
in this condition when EPC is available as it can support enough power for the other two loads. The GUI for this
condition is as follow.
Figure 15: GUI for Load sharing when Solar only & EPC are active Figure 16: Photo of circuit for solar & EPC are active
Figure 17: GUI for Load sharing when Solar only Figure 18: Photo of circuit for solar & Engine are active
and engine are active
B. Condition II
Similarly, only load-11 can be used in this condition
condition cause of only one source (wind) is available and all
loads can be used when EPC is active.
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Figure 21: GUI for Load sharing when Wind only Figure 22: Photo of circuit for Wind & Engine are active
and engine are active
C. Condition III
When both
oth sources are available, load-1
load and load-22 can be used. And for the third load, EPC is provided as it is
active.
Figure 23: GUI for Load sharing when both sources Figure 24: Photo of circuit for both sources & EPC are active
& EPC are available
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Figure 25: GUI for Load sharing when both sources Figure 26: Photo of circuit for both sources & Engine are active
& Engine are available
D. Condition IV
For the condition of both sources are not active, all load can be applied if EPC is available.
Figure 27: GUI for Load sharing when EPC only is active Figure 28: Photo of circuit for EPC only is active
If EPC is not supported, only one load can be used in this condition and it is provided by engine generator.
Figure 29: GUI for Load sharing when Engine only is Figure 30: Photo of circuit for Engine only is active
active
VI. DISCUSSION
The voltage of input sources can really be sensed by voltage sensing circuit and the program active as the
voltage variation. According to the variation, the program can make decision which loads to be ON. Then the
program drive the relay for corresponding loads by relay driver circuit or relay setting automatically. The operation
and implementation of the system mentioned above can easily be modified by using visual basic programming. The
program for this system is changeable as user desire such as choosing
choosing the priority of loads and the selecting of input
sources.
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VII. CONCLUSION
In this paper, load sharing is described as simulation implementation by using Visual Basic. The flow charts for
load sharing design and each condition are also illustrated. The input, output and USB pins of PIC 18F4550 is
shown too. It is right and really get the result as the above circuit diagrams when PIC is constructed as the pin
diagram shown. Similarly the results of visual basic also get as mentioned when the program run. All circuits in this
paper can really be constructed and can give result as presented when the operation of load sharing is loaded.
REFERENCE
[1] http://routing-bits.com/2009/06/03/load-sharing-vs-load-balancing/
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
[3] http://www.instructables.com/id/USB-Project-USB-Interface-Board-Using-PIC18F455/
[4] http://pwc.theclarkwebsite.com/PIC18F4550usb.php
[5] Electus Distribution Reference Data Sheet: RELAYDRV.PDF (1)
[6] http://www.scribd.com/doc/153667186/es-mcinterface-pdf
[7] http://groups.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/vbasic/vbasic.html
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