Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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No. 816
.—_—. —__—
By Louis 13relquet
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Washington
January 19?7
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31176014374145
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By Louis 3reguet
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8 N.A.C.A. Technical Memorandum No. 816
,, .
The line El? meets the axis CIA of the blade at (l!
which is the point of zero velocity or the instantaneous
center of rotation.
001 —
_~E ~o!. VI , 001 . _IL
——— ——— = ———
CA %.’ _3_ TTnD 2i-rn
2
AK = –~––
hQ
it
?tO = -- ———————.-
1 -—
T1 (ho N + 1 + ahr
N. >
/,,
12 it.A.C.A. Technical Memorand.urn N0.-816
Gyroplane Formulas
D, propeller radius.
. .
14 N. A. C.A. Technical:. Memorandum ITo..816
1+
ho ho + hr
l-l —— +hr+
N 1.28 7 1
11- Lift coefficient:
P
az = —— ____ =
6n2 D*
%o
0.162 @O (1+0.15 Y2.-0.01Y3) (2)
h +h
/ ;~ + hr + __~––~—
1+1.28Y
tan b =
(4)
v. Lifting quality:
p3/2 ~/2 ~ 3/2
‘q= —--.-— 6 ——..— (5)
DW = P’
(6)
(6a)
N*A. C.A. Technical Memorandum No. 816 15
P= 6 + D2 V2 (8)
(9)
(11)
64 az
Cz = –– (12)
l-l?=
(13)
cz3/2
Cx = ————— (14)
2
‘0 ‘*
16 N.A.C.A. Technical Menorandurn No.’ 816
2
The ratio of the actual blade area s = ho ‘& to
this area S! is:
ho
s = ———————— hO
= ———.-——————
;; ~++J_ 1 + 1.28 ?’
R nD
Am 1
—————_———-.—
\
( %+h
l-r
\N r)
A w = 8(T ZE_m y=
D2
A w = 6GV3
(15)
Total. weight im
kilogr:t.ms ~er 8s65 7.13 5*92 5 4.25 3*62 3.12 2e70
horsepower . %
,,
1
km/h x 0.62137 = mi./hrc kg x,2.20462 = lbe
(16)
N. A. C..
A. Technical Memorandum .NQi .816 21
(17)
p3/2 3/2
~=–___ fi
.,8
— — &2 Cz
————— (18)
c~
j
1) Every vertical flapping motion develops - due to
the fact that it superposes itself on the rotation “of the
propellers - combined centrifugal forces, perpendicular to
the meridian plane of this flapping, which tend to make
th~, blade advance’”when it is r~,ised and retreat when it is
lowered. , :
Z r dm = MTg
(23)
which shows thnt this force can become relatively very im-
:?orttwltm
,,
., J =“‘z r dl?c “= >W ‘~ ~~ “X ~a @m = 2’I w ~ :$ ‘“’
(2,4)
-—. . . .
,,. ,. ., ::. ,.
where I = Xradm=Mp2 is the moment of inertia “of the
blade. in ratio to, the articulation, and p the corre-
sponding “r’adi”izsof gy’r”ation. Thus it” is””seen that {he
force’ Fc is applie’d at a ~.istance’” a from the axis, so
that al?c =@. From formui.as (22) a,nd (24)’ !follbwh:”””
,. 2 .:
.,. MP2
a,”=–—I = ––– = ~- : (25)
Mrg - Mrg
~
.,, ,
But if. pg is the. radius of gyration relative to the cen-
ter Qf gravity, pa = pg~ + r 2, ’~ence: .
g
dCi = r2 dm (29)
(w+ #Y ‘
2
Disregarding
()
du
dt ,before W2 an d
ing the mement of inertia of a blade with respect to one
2UI ~~ and designat-
(30)
I#Lca-cp - Ci (31)
,,
That is, by replacing Ci by its value:
(32)
(33)
but
,.
Hence, we can write:
(34)
(35)
,. ,, ,,,,,,,,,
! I ,,, ,,, , ,., . . , ,,,. . . .-.,, . ....- ———— —-—......-.—- . .—.
-——.. .—
30 N.A.C.A. Technical Memorandum No. !316
cess will so much more quickly crown the efforts still nec-
essary, as these efforts are more unanimous, better under-
stood, more encouraged and coordinates, and it is hoped
that France will again take first place in this new stage
of progress in aerial navigation.
Translation by J. Vanier,
National Advisory Committee
for Aeronautics.
REFERENCES
I
.
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N.A.C.A. Technical Memorandum No. F16
,..
/
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d~= 21n Y
/
~---------- –-–-$ /
I I
1
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t
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\ “Articulations
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/’B
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.
Vq
.U=%,
g = o.688ufio I experimental curve
s% .
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t .. II -1-i !1”
2.4 ‘, I ( ! I I i—.
1+.111111
l~li
L-r
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I I I I I
i I
1.
[11 1/
2.0 1--1
t
—,’+., ~ I I I I I I II 1 A
+tt+i+
0“l=H?4+
().qlL-J..—.—L._!_
o .(32
JL.J__l._LL_lLLl_J.__l.i_!
.04 .06 .OF .10 .12 .14” .16
ho
7.2
N=6
6.8
N=4
6.4 blades
6,0
5.6
A
--w-t’+ –t-—t--tl-l
—
N.A.C.A. Technical iiemorandumITo.816 Fig. 10
ho = 0.28 (4 blades)
100 CLz
4 blades
ho = 0.28
100 Uz
.2blzdes
ho = 0.14
100 @
-==&:-”ti---i- - , ‘++
. -L-WI-&7 t 1
:-+”+-+
2 blades
I’igurti
10.- Theorctical curves for lift coefficients
a~d hors.epowor.The dots represent tests.
11
N.A.C.A. Technical Memorandum No. 816 Fig. 11
—--- --- ho = 0.068 hr =0.015 Cxo=0.011 w=l.5 N=4 $=~
2,000
o- 1
ho = 0.0’? ‘r = 0“015 cXO.0.009 ~=1.5 N=6 ~’ 15,000
I /
I
!
3.6
2.P
z
looofl
u=
z &4
100az
V/nil
I?.
A.C..L.Technical ~iemorandumNo. 816 Fig. 12
1
18
.-.. —.—.—..—.- /
IT
16 —4---T- -.— I
~—1’ --- — -— I —
-t
/ —.
14 --;–+----
.——-.
12. ..-–,
1
—---
I
—- -–-—
+
—
--
c—‘---.
y
— —
la
+<
–- —.-
—
1: t
9° ‘“-- ‘ “~
/; k — —.—
—
8 _._..-~..
T -—
.—
/ /
11
+ /
—- —7— —
6 —- —- —-“- —
_-T---- / ,/ ‘
4 —
//
—
—.
I “
—— .-
0 .4 .8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8
V/nD
u
ho hr Cxow ~ ~2
,,
r).
,,. .
I ‘o.06ao.oi5 ‘0.011 1.5 4 1/2,000
II 0.07 0.C15 0.009 1.5 .51./15,000
.51?
.54
.5C
.42
.26
.1!3
.1%
qI
.10
0 0.4 o.&? 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8
V/n?l
—
N..L.
C.A. Technical Memorandum No. 816 Fig. 14
.,,. .
0.36 ,
, ta~
1 q: -o.fi5
—. ~
\ ~/ ‘ \ -—.
_
0.32 -—
---- /‘
-0.60
\
0.28 +- / / — —-L._..— —--
—— —. —
j-i
!! -0.55
0.24 —.-
.,_
—_. ___ —.--—. —_- +-
—. —..~ : ‘1”
.— ‘“ 11
] -
0.20 —. .. ..-—
—.
t r).50
taa $a I i, +.— ~
!—’-~-’ p ‘“ — ‘“–
+ F
0.16 J ~ - –, -:–- --- .f ~~
tan Cl t .
‘ L$‘ k “’ t-t
0.12 ~_ ‘_ -----~
~“” ~~~~:ki- t“ :.:
—.
————---1, I .1 ~. -— -n
- ----
------
“--j{-.~ _.,___
0.041
“ $F tT5t: -2?” ‘- “:” -
— –-’-+--4-=?=--+-+--+ -:! e
–t-t---~-f--f-j-tp
It Iiillll!l
.— “ ‘- ‘ ‘ ‘:1‘- , ‘- i -
o .’4 .L? 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8
v/nD
.. .
airplane
EEr-kr!riI’k21S$E$I
“’2 ->0.104
gyroplane
.04
0
nTm-T~-
80
‘TTITm
160 240 320 400 430
Forward speed,V ,km/h
–. .,– W, hp.
4?00
11
o
s
\
+& 2300 ~
-LL
_-:\_.~
~900
II
–~
--
—! 1500
.—
—
1J 1100
—-I
480
Figure 16.- Gyroplane of the future and airplane of the sane weight.
Power aosor~ed and quality q of gyroplane at 3000 m.
—.
—.
l)=25 m. P= 15 tons
W,h ) 6= 0.74 (3000 m) 1 C,kgm
I
3000 18,000
—
2800 — 16,000
2600 14,000
2400 12,000
22@o 10,000
2Go@ I ?’000
I-Its
3.5
400 “- ‘. — 3
\.
2.5
0 1.5
.4 .8 1.2 1.6
2.0 2.4 2.8
v.
Parameter of translation’,
‘n—D
Figure 17.
-.
1--
.. ..–
B
Tz = 2?+ D, Diameter
P,Total weight
4’.4
4.0
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.9
1.6
1.2
.8
.4
lT-
hO Cxo N hr ~
D2
—-— --— 0.068 0.011 4 blades 0.015 1.5 1/2,000
0.07 0.009 6 blades 0.015,1.5 1/15,000
6
m
1000$3
5
I —. — —. — G
.
,,
T-1
48 /-111
‘i’
3/2
40
Cx= ~
32
24
16
TT~
2
Figure 21.- Polar of gyroplane referred to area S=—
of swept disic. 4
X.A.C.&. Teohnloal Memorandum No. 816 Fige. Z3. 23
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