Ratio and Proportion
1. The weight of a circular disc varies as the square of the
radius when the thickness remains the same. It also varies as
the thickness when the radius remains the same. Two discs
have their thickness in the ratio of 32 : 9, find the ratio of their
radii if the weight of the first is half that of the second.
2. When a body falls from rest its distance from the starting
point varies as the square of the time it has been falling. If a
body falls through 122.60 m in 5 sec, how far does it fall in 10
sec?
3. The ratio of annual income, savings and expenditure of
Ramesh and Suresh are 7:5, 11:9 and 3:2 respectively. If the
combined saving per year of both is Rs 10000, find the an-
nual income of Ramesh.
4. The duration of a railway journey varies directly as the dis-
tance and inversely as the velocity. The velocity varies di-
rectly as the square root of the quantity of coal used per km
and inversely as the number of carriages in the train. In a
journey of 50 km in half an hour with 18 carriages 100 kg of
coal is required. How much coal will be consumed in a jour-
ney of 42 km in 5.6 minutes with 16 carriages?
K
5. In a certain examination, the number of candidates who passed
was four times the number of those who failed. If there had
been 35 fewer candidates and 9 more had failed, the ratio of
passed candidates to failed candidates would have become
2:1. Determine the total number of candidates.
6. Dash and Raju earn in the ratio of 5 : 2. They spend in the
ratio of 3 : 1 and save in the ratio of 2 : 1. Find the monthly
income of each if the total yearly savings of both Dash and
Raju together is Rs 108,000.
7. Cost of diamond varies as the square of its weight. A dia-
mond broke into four pieces with their weights in the ratio of
KUNDAN
1 : 3 : 4 : 5. What is the price of the original diamond if the loss
in the total value of the diamond amounts to Rs 118,000?
8. The duration of a railway journey varies directly as the dis-
tance and inversely as the speed. The speed varies directly
as the square root of the quantity of coal used per km, and
inversely as the number of carriages in the train. In a journey
of 50 km in half an hour with 18 carriages, 100 kg of coal is
required. How much coal will be consumed in a journey of 42
km in 5.6 minutes with 16 carriages?
9. If in an election in which each elector may vote for two can-
didates, half of the voters vote for A and divide their second
votes among B, C and D in the ratio 3 : 2: 1; of the remainder,
half vote for B and divide their second votes between C and
D, in the ratio of 2 : 1; of the remainder, half vote for C and D.
Finally, 840 votes was not given to any candidate. How many
votes does each candidate get?
10. Children, women and men were employed in the ratio of 1:2:3
for doing a job. Their wages were fixed in the ratio of 4:5:6. If
the number of men employed is 30 and total daily wages paid
to all is Rs 4000, find the daily wages of a child, a woman and
a man.
11. The force of gravity at the surface of a planet is proportional
to both the density of the planet and its radius. The planet
Jupiter has radius equal to ten times the radius of the Earth.
The densities of Jupiter and Earth are 1.75 and 5.67 respec-
tively. If a man can jump to a height of 2000 cm on the Earth,
how high can he jump on the surface of Jupiter, given that
the height to which a man can jump is inversely proportional
to the force of gravity?
12. The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio of 5:4, their
monthly expenses are in the ratio of 19:21, and their monthly
savings are in the ratio of 37:18. If the total annual savings of
A and B is Rs 66000 find their monthly individual incomes.
13. Two persons are awarded pensions in proportion to the
square root of the number of years they have served. The
second person has served 9 years longer than the first and
receives a pension Rs 50000 more than the first. If the length
1
of service of the first had exceeded by 4 years, his pen-
4
sion would have been in the ratio 9:8. How long had they
served and what were their respective pensions?
14. 770 shells were divided among three boys in the ratio of their
ages, such that for every 4 shells that Mike took, Nick got 3
and for every 6 that Mike got, Sam got 7. How many shells
did the youngest boy get?
15. A man, his wife and son worked in a garden—the man for 2
days, his wife for 3 days and the boy for 4 days. Their wages
were, man’s to woman’s, in the ratio of 5 to 6 and man’s to
boy’s in the ratio of 4 to 7. Their total earnings amounted to
Rs 756. Find the daily wages of each.
16. Two persons are awarded pensions in proportion to the
square root of the number of years they have served. One
has served 9 years longer than the other and receives a
pension greater by Rs 250. If the length of service of the first
1
had exceeded that of the second by 4 years their pension
4
would have been in the proportion of 9:8. How long have
they served and what are their respective pensions?
17. The consumption of coal by a locomotive varies as the
square of the speed. When the speed is 26 km/hr the con-
sumption of coal per hour is 3 tonnes. If the price of coal be
Rs 13520 per tonne and the other expenses of an engine be
Rs 60 per hour, find the cost of a journey of 100 km at the
speed 25 km/hr.
18. The ratio of the sum, the difference and the product of two
numbers is 7 : 1 : 60. Find the smaller number.
19. The cost of a diamond is directly proportional to its weight.
Diamond is broken into four parts such that their weights are
in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 : 8. In this process the cost of a diamond is
reduced by Rs 5,72,000. Find the cost of the unbroken dia-
mond.
 Answers and explanation
1. Let the weight, radius and thickness of the circular disc be
kcd
W, r and x respectively. t
From the given conditions, q , where k is constant
W  r 2 (x constant) Substituting the values given, we have
 x (r constant) (since q = 2)
 Combining the above, we get 1 k 18  50 1
  k
W  r 2 x  W  Kr 2 x 2 2 18  50  2
K = proportional constant Substituting now the values of t, c and d given in the second
part of question, we have
W1 W2
 2
 5. 6 16  42
r1 x1 r2 2 x 2  q  4 2  q = 32
60 2  18  50 q 
From the question,
Hence, the quantity of coal = 42 × 32 = 1344 kg.
x1 32 W1 1 5. Let the number of failed candidates = x
 and 
x2 9 W2 2 Then, the number of passed candidates = 4x
 total number of candidates = x + 4x = 5x
2 After 35 candidates left, the remaining candidates
 r1  W1 x 2 1 9
  r   W  x  2  32 = 5x - 35
 2 2 1 Number of new failed candidates = x + 9
Number of new passed candidates

K
r1 9 3 = (5x - 35) - (x + 9) = 4x - 44
   From the question,
r2 64 8
4 x  44 2
2. Let the distance covered by the body be ‘x’ and time taken 
x9 1
‘t’ respectively.
or, 4x - 44 = 2x + 18
From the question, xt 2 or, 4x - 2x = 44 + 18
or, 2x = 62
or, x  kt 2 ....(i) (k = proportional constant)
62
122.60 = k × 5 × 5 or, x = = 31
2
122.60  total number of candidates = 5x = 5 × 31 = 155
 k

KUNDAN
25 108,000
 Distance covered in 10 sec 6. Monthly savings together = = Rs 9,000
12
122.60 2
=  10  10 = 490.40 m Savings of Dash =  9 ,000 = Rs 6,000
25 3
3. Ramesh : Suresh 1
Income 7 : 5 Saving of Raju =  9,000 = Rs 3,000
3
Expenditure 3 : 2 Let the incomes of Dash and Raju be 5x and 2x respectively,
Savings 11 : 9 and expenditures be 3y and y respectively.
We know that Savings = Income – Expenditure According to the question,
5x - 3y = 6,000 and 2x - y = 3,000
7 x  3 y 11 Solving the above equations, we get
Thus, 
5x  2 y 9 x = 3,000 and y = 3,000
or, 63x – 27y = 55x – 22y Monthly income of Dash
= 5 × 3,000 = Rs 15,000
or, 8x = 5y ....(i)
Monthly income of Raju
Also, (7x + 5x) – (3y + 2y) = 10000 = 2x = 2 × 3,000 = Rs 6,000
or, 12x – 5y = 10000 7. Let the weight of four pieces of diamond be W, 3W, 4W and
or, 12x – 8x = 10000 5W respectively.
or, 4x = 10000 Original weight of diamond
or, x = 2500 = W + 3W + 4W + 5W = 13 W
Annual income of Ramesh = 7x = 7 × 2500 = Rs 17500 Since cost of diamond is the square of its weight
4.Let t be the time expressed in hours,  original cost of diamond
d the distance in km, = (13W)2 x = Rs 169 W2 x
v the velocity in km/hr, where x is a proportional constant
q the number of kg of coal used per km, and Hence, the cost of pieces of the diamond
= W2 x + 9W2 x + 16W2 x + 25W2x = 51W2x
c the number of carriages.
From the question,
d q 169W2x - 51W2 x = 118,000
We have t and v or, 118W2x = 118,000  W2x = Rs 1000
v c
 original cost of diamond
Combining the above two, we have = 169 × 1000 = Rs 169,000
8. Let t be the time expressed in hours.
1 x x
d be the distance expressed in km. and D gets of  votes
v be the speed expressed in km/hr. 3 4 12
q be the number of kg of coal used per km. x x x
c be be the number of carriages. Remaining electors =  
2 4 4
d q The electors who cast their votes for C and D
We have t  and v 
v c 1 x x
= of 
Combining these two, we have 2 4 8
cd kcd Because each elector may vote for two candidates
t or, t  q ........ (i)
q x x
 C gets votes and D gets votes
8 8
[k = proportional constant]
Substituting the values given for the first case, we have x
A gets votes
100 1 2
q= 2,t= hr,,
50 2 x x x
d = 50 km, c = 18 B gets   votes
4 4 2
1 k  18  50 x x x 11x
   
2 2 C gets votes
6 6 8 24
1
x x x 7x

K
or, k = D gets    votes
2 18  50 12 12 8 24
Now, putting the value of k in equation (i), we get
 total no. of votes cast in favour of A, B, C & D
cd
t x x 11x 7 x 42 x 7 x
2  18  50 q =     
2 2 24 24 24 4
Now, substituting the value which is given in the second
Total no. of votes = 2x
5. 6
case, ie t  hr, d = 42 km, c = 16 7x x
60  remaining votes = 2 x  
4 4
5.6 16  42
or,  x
 840  x = 3360

KUNDAN
60 2 18  50  q Now,
4
or, q 4 2 or, q = 32 1
Hence, the quantity of coal is 42 × 32 = 1344 kg  A gets  3360  1680
2
1
9. Let the number of voters be x. B gets  3360  1680
 A gets = x/2 votes 2
x 2 votes (second vote) are divided among B, C and D in 11
C gets  3360  1540
the ratio 3 : 2 : 1. 24
The sum of the numbers of the ratio 7
D gets  3360  980
=3+2+1=6 24
10. Ratio of children, women and men = 1:2:3
3 x x
 B gets 6 of 2  4 votes Number of total men (employed) = 30
Hence, number of total children (employed) = 10
2 x x Number of total women (employed) = 20
and C gets of  votes Since, ratio of their wages is 4k:5k:6k
6 2 6
and total daily wages = Rs 4000
1 x x Therefore, 10 × 4K + 20 × 5K + 30 × 6K = 4000
and D gets of  votes
6 2 12 or, 40K + 100K + 180K = 4000
x x or, 320K = 4000
Remaining electors = x  
2 2 4000
1 x x or, K  = 12.5
B gets of  votes 320
2 2 4 Hence, daily wages of a child
x = 4K = 4 × 12.5 = Rs 50
votes (second vote) are divided between C and D in the
4 daily wages of a woman = 5K = 5 × 12.5 = Rs 62.50
ratio 2 : 1. daily wages of a man = 6 × 12.5 = Rs 75
The sum of the numbers of the ratio = 2 + 1 = 3
11. Ratio between the radii of Jupiter and Earth
2 x x = 10 : 1
 C gets of  votes
3 4 6 Ratio between the densities of Jupiter and Earth
= 1.75 : 5.67
 Force of gravity on Jupiter : Force of gravity on earth or, 81.4y - 64.4y = 17.64
10 × 1.75 : 1 × 5.67 or, 17.5 : 5.67 or, 17.4y = 17.64 or, y = 16
Now, the height which a man can jump is inversely propor-  service of the second person = 16 + 9 = 25 yrs.
tional to the force of gravity.
Pension of 1st = x  k 16  4k ....(i)
Height jumped on Jupiter
 Height jumped on Earth Pension of 2nd = x + 50000 = k 25  5k ....(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Force of gravity on Earth x = Rs 2 lakhs
= Force of gravity on Jupiter
 x + 50000 = 2.5 lakhs
Height jumped on Jupiter 5.67 Hence, the first person gets Rs 2 lakhs as pension whereas
or,  the second person Rs 2.50 lakhs.
2000 17.5
or, Height jumped on Jupiter 14. Let Mike get M, Nick get N and Sam get S,
Now, from the question,
5.67  2000
=  648 cm
17.5 M 4 M 6
 ;  ; M + N + S = 770
N 3 S 7
12. Suppose the monthly income of A = 5 K1 ; M : N : S = 6 : 4.5 : 7 = 12 : 9 : 14
the monthly income of B = 4K1 ; So, the youngest person is Nick, who gets

the monthly expenses of A  19K 2 ; 770

 9  198
12  9  14
the monthly expenses of B  21K 2 ; 15. Ratio of man’s to woman’s wages = 5 : 6
the monthly savings of A  37K 3 and Ratio of man’s to boy’s wages = 4 : 7

K
 M : W : B = 20 : 24 : 35
the monthly savings of B  18K 3 Now, the man’s wages for 2 days = 20 × 2 = Rs 40
Since, total annual savings of A and B = Rs 66000 The woman’s wages for 3 days = 24 × 3 = Rs 72
Therefore, total monthly savings of A and B The boy’s wages for 4 days = 35 × 4 = Rs 140
Their total earnings = Rs (40 + 72 + 140) = Rs 252
66000
= = Rs 5500 If their total earnings are Rs 252, then A’s daily wages are Rs
12
20.
 37K 3  18K 3  5500 So, if their total earnings are Rs 756, then A’s daily wages =

or, K 3  5500  100 20

 756 = Rs 60
37  18 252

KUNDAN
 Monthly savings of A = 37 × 100 = Rs 3700 If man earns Rs 20 per day, the woman earns
Monthly savings of B = 18 × 100 = Rs 1800 = Rs 24
 If man earns Rs 60 per day, the woman earns
5K 1  3700 19
Now, we have been given: 4K  1800  21 24
1 =  60 = Rs 72
20
or, 21 5K1  3700  21  19  4K 1  1800 19 Similarly, the boy’s daily wages
or, 105K1  76K 1  3700  21  1800 19 35
=  60 = Rs 105
20
43500
or, 29K 1  77700  34200  K1   1500  Daily wages of the man, the woman and the boy are Rs 60,
29
Rs 72 and Rs 105 respectively.
Hence, monthly salary of A = 5K1 16. Let the first person have served x years.
= 5 × 1500 = Rs 7500  2nd has served for (x + 9) years.
By question,
Monthly salary of B = 4K1 = 4 × 1500 = Rs 6000
13. Suppose the first person has served for ‘y’ years. So 2nd P x
has served for (y + 9) years.  PK x
Let the amount of pension for the first person be Rs ‘x’, then
for the 2nd person = Rs (x + 50000).  P  250  K x  9
Now, according to the question,
1
Let him get pension P1 if he served 4 years more. Then
x  k y and x  50000   k  y  9 4
Again, suppose the first had served for y  17 4  yrs. P1  K x  17 4
He would have got x   k  y  17 4 P1 K x  17 4 4x  17
  
P K x 4x
x y  17 4 9 4 y  17
 x  or,, 8 
y 4y 9 4 x  17
 8 4x
81 4y  17
or, 64  4 y
 18. Let the two numbers be x and y.
81 4 x  17 It is given that (x + y) : (x - y) : xy = 7 : 1 : 60
 64  4 x
Let k be present in the ratio.
 k = 16  x + y = 7k, x - y = k and xy = 60k.
 service of the 2nd person = 16 + 9 = 25 years. And,
Pension of first = K 16  4k x  y 2  x  y 2  4xy
Pension of 2nd = K 16  9  5k  49k 2  k 2  4.60 k
 5k – 4k = 250  k = 250.  49k 2  k 2  240k  k = 5.
 Pension of first = 4 × 250 = Rs 1000.
This yields x + y = 7.5 = 35 and x - y = 5
 Pension of second = 5 × 250 = Rs 1250.
 x = 20 and y = 15
17. Let the consumption of coal be C (in tonnes) be the v km/hr Hence, smaller number = 15.
and speed
19. Let the weight of each part of diamond be 3x, 4x, 5x and 8x.
CV 2 Weight of unbroken diamond
 C  KV 2 = 3x + 4x + 5x + 8x = 20x.
Let the cost of diamond be C and weight w. Then
 3  K 26 (Since consumption of coal per hour is 3
2

C  w 2  C  kw 2
tonnes if speed is 36 km/hr)
(where k is proportionality constant)
3
 k  676  C  k 20x   C  k.400.x 2  400kx 2
2

K
2
3v 2  Cost of diamond = 400kx
 C Cost of the first part of diamond,
676
C1  k 3x   9kx 2
2
100
Time taken to complete 100 km = = 4 hr
25 Cost of the 2nd part of diamond,
Other expenses of engine in 4 hr
C 2  k4x   16kx 2
2
= 4 × 60 = Rs 240.
Consumption of coal per hour when speed is 25 km/hr Cost of the 3rd part of diamond,
C 3  k 5x   25kx 2
2
3  25
2
3  625
=  tonnes per hour
676 676 Cost of the 4th part of diamond,

KUNDAN
Since it takes 4 hrs, C 4  k8x   64kx 2 .
2

3  625 Cost of all four parts

total consumption of coal = 4
676
= 9kx 2  16kx 2  25kx 2  64kx 2 = 114kx 2 .
 12  625  Reduced price of diamond is
=  676  tonnes
  400kx 2  114kx 2  572000
12  625  286kx 2  572000  kx 2  2000 .
and total cost of coal =  13520 = 150000
676
Total cost = 150000 + 240 = Rs 150240.  Cost of unbroken diamond = 400kx 2
= 400 × 2000 = Rs 800000.