1)Explain SAP ABAP 3-tier architecture?

The Presentation layer consists of any input device that can be used to control SAP
system. This could be a web browser, a mobile device and so on. All the central processing
takes place in Application server. The Application server is not just one system in itself, but it
can be multiple instances of the processing system. The server communicates with the
Database layer that is usually kept on a separate server, mainly for performance reasons and
also for security. Communication happens between each layer of the system, from the
Presentation layer to the Database and then back up the chain.

2) What do you understand by work area and internal tables in ABAP? Why do we use it?

They are temporary memory areas that are used to store the data at run-time. Internal tables
and work areas represents the instances of database tables.

3) What is use of transparent table in ABAP? How it is different from Pool tables?

Transparent table has one to one relation with the table in the database however Pool table has
many to one relationship with database tables.

4) Explain the use of insert and append statement in SAP ABAP?

Append statement is used to add a record at the end of internal table in work area.

Insert statement is used to add a record at specified location.

5) How memory management happens for internal tables and work areas in ABAP?

8KB memory is allocated to internal table and work areas and it increases dynamically.

6) Why do we use TYPES statement in ABAP programming?

TYPES is used to pass user defined structure in an ABAP program.

7) What is the use of message command in a report? What are the different message types?

MESSAGE command displays messages defined by a message ID specified in the REPORT

statement at the beginning of the program. The message ID is a 2 character code that defines
which set of 1,000 messages the program will access when the MESSAGE command is used.
Message Type Consequences

The message appears and the application halts at its

current point. If the program is running in background
E Error
mode, the job is canceled and the message is recorded
in the job log.

The message appears and the user must press Enter for
W Warning the application to continue. In background mode, the
message is recorded in the job log.

A pop-up window opens with the message text and the

I Information user must press Enter to continue. In background mode,
the message is recorded in the job log.

This message class cancels the transaction that the user

A Abend
is currently using.

This provides an informational message at the bottom of

the screen. The information displayed is positive in
S Success
nature and it is just meant for user feedback. The
message does not impede the program in any way.

This message aborts the program and generates an

X Abort
ABAP short dump.

8) What is the use of lock objects?

Lock Object is a feature offered by ABAP Dictionary that is used to synchronize access
to the same data by more than one program. Data records are accessed with the help of
specific programs. Lock objects are used in SAP to avoid the inconsistency when data is inserted
into or changed in the database. Tables whose data records are to be locked must be defined in
a Lock Object, along with their key fields.
9) What is lock mechanism? How do we create lock objects in ABAP?

Following are the two main functions accomplished with the lock mechanism −

A program can communicate with other programs about data records that it is just
reading or changing.

A program can prevent itself from reading data that has just been changed by another program.

A lock request is first generated by the program. Then this request goes to the Enqueue server
and the lock is created in the lock table. The Enqueue server sets the lock and the program is
finally ready to access data.

Go to transaction SE11 to create lock objects.

10) Why do we use logical blocks in ABAP program?

In SAP ABAP environment, modularization involves the organization of programs into

modular units, also known as logical blocks. It reduces redundancy and increases program
readability even as you are creating it and subsequently during the maintenance cycle.
Modularization also enables reusability of the same code again.

11) What are the different types of ABAP reports in SAP?

There are 7 ABAP report types in SAP and are available in reports attributes screen.

 Executable program

 Interface pool

 Function groups

 Include

 Class pool

 Module pool

 Subroutine pool
12) What is a subroutine?

A subroutine is a reusable section of code. It is a modularization unit within the program

where a function is encapsulated in the form of source code. You page out a part of a program
to a subroutine to get a better overview of the main program, and to use the corresponding
sequence of statements many times.
13) What is the different between template and a table?

You can define table as dynamic and template as static.

14) What are the data classes in ABAP?

Below data classes exists in ABAP programming as per data type −

 Master data: It is the data which is slowly changed.

 Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed.

 Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the
system is configured and is then rarely changed.

 System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

15) Which function modules can be used to transfer the data using BDC programming?

 BDC_OPEN_GROUP

 BDC_INSERT

 BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

16) What is the use of ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP data dictionary defines logical structures of the objects in application development and
also tells mapping to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

17) What is the different between ABAP and OOABAP? Why do we use OOABAP?

OOABAP involves object oritented programming concepts. ABAP is used to develop traditional
programs in R/3, while OOABAP is used to develop smart forms, BADI’s, etc.

18) What are the different ABAP editors? What is the used of different editors in ABAP?

In SE38 − This allows you to create programs and view online reports and basically to perform
all the development of objects in this editor.

In SE80 − It supports additional features such as creating packages, function group, module
pool, classes, and programs.
18) What is pretty printer?

It is used to format ABAP code.

19) Explain the difference between cluster tables and Pool table?

The data of several cluster tables is stored together in a single table cluster in the database. A
cluster table is thus known only in the ABAP Dictionary, not in the database.

The data of several pooled tables are stored together as a table pool in the database.

20) What is smart forms in SAP?

SAP Smart Forms tool can be used to print and send documents. This tool is useful in
developing forms, PDF files, e-mails and documents for the Internet. The tool provides an
interface to build and maintain the layout and logic of a form. SAP also delivers a selection of
forms for business processes such as those used in Customer Relationship Management (CRM),
Sales and Distribution (SD), Financial Accounting (FI) and Human Resources (HR).

The tool allows you to modify forms by using simple graphical tools instead of using any
programming tool. It means that a user with no programming knowledge can configure these
forms with data for a business process effortlessly.

21) What is match code? How it is different from database index?

Match code objects can be built on cluster tables, transparent tables and pooled tables however
a Database Index contains fields only from one table

22) What is Change and Transport management system in SAP?

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development
projects in ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between SAP
Systems and clients in your system landscape.

23) What is SAP memory and ABAP memory?

SAP memory is a global memory whereas ABAP memory is local memory.

24) What is Web Dynpro and why it is used?

Web Dynpro (WD) for ABAP is the SAP standard user interface technology developed by
SAP AG. It can be used in the development of web-based applications in the SAP ABAP
environment that utilizes SAP development tools and concepts. It provides a front-end web user
interface to connect directly to backend SAP R/3 systems to access data and functions for
reporting.

Web Dynpro for ABAP consists of a run-time environment and a graphical development
environment with specific development tools that are integrated in the ABAP Workbench
(transaction: SE80).

25) What are the benefits of using Web Dynpro?

The use of graphical tools significantly reduces the implementation effort.

Reuse and better maintainability by using components.

The layout and navigation is easily changed using the Web Dynpro tools.

User interface accessibility is supported.

Full integration in the ABAP development environment.

26) In an ABAP program, to leave a program that you call?

LEAVE PROGRAM

27) What are data dictionary objects?

 TABLES

 VIEWS

 DATA

 TYPES DOMAINS

 TYPE GROUPS

 SEARCH HELPS

 LOCK OBJECTS

28) Where do you find data dictionary in SAP menu tree?

With SAP GUI open, you will be able find Data Dictionary in the SAP menu tree. This is done via
the Tools menu. Open the ABAP Workbench and click the 'Development' folder, where the ABAP
Dictionary can be found and double clicked. Alternatively, use the transaction code SE1
29) To create a transparent table, which data dictionary object is selected?

Database table.

30) To avoid writing duplicate write statement and to save time what can be done?

You can use concept of chaining statements

31) When you declare a variable in an ABAP program, what are the key points you should
consider?

They must begin with a letter.

Can be a maximum size of 30 characters.

Cannot include + , : or ( ) in the name.

Cannot use a reserved word.

32) You want to insert an integer field containing value 1 to a character field, how this can be
done?

Conversion rules are predefined logic that determine how the contents of the source field can be
entered into a target field. If one attempts to insert an integer field containing the value of 1 to
a character string. The built in conversion rules will determine exactly how this should be done
without any syntax or runtime errors.

33) What is the use of data type C?

Data type C variables are used for holding alphanumeric characters, with a minimum of 1
character and a maximum of 65,535 characters. By default, these are aligned to the left.

34) What is the use of CONDENSE statement in ABAP programming?

CONDENSE statement is used to remove blank characters.

35) What is the use of breakpoints table in ABAP programming?

This breakpoint table can be very useful when one is in a large program with many break points
set. It allows one to review the breakpoint and allows for the removal of breakpoints which are
no longer desired.
35) What is ABAP Web Dynpro? Why it is used?

Web Dynpro is standard SAP UI technology that allows you to develop web applications
using graphical tools and development environment integrated with ABAP workbench. Using
graphical tools reduce the implementation effort and you can better reuse and maintain
components in ABAP workbench.
36) How do you access ABAP Web Dynpro workbench? What is object list and its component?

To access Web Dynpro runtime environment and graphical tools in ABAP workbench, you can
use Transaction code: SE80
Object list contains −

 Dynpro Component
 Controller
 Interface
 View
 Web Dynpro application

38) What are the benefits of using Web Dynpro?

You can easily maintain and reuse components for development.

Less implementation time as use of graphical tools.

You can easily change layout and navigation using graphical tools.

Easy structure changes.

With use of data binding, you can use automatic data transport.

Ease of integration in ABAP environment.