Mesozoic Era

The Mesozoic Era ( /ˌmɛsəˈzoʊɪk, ˌmiː-, -soʊ-/ or /ˌmɛzəˈzoʊɪk, ˌmiː-, -soʊ-/[1][2]) is an interval of geological
time from about 252 to 66 million years ago. It is also called the Age of Reptiles, a phrase introduced by the
19th century paleontologist Gideon Mantell who viewed it as dominated by diapsids such
as Iguanodon, Megalosaurus, Plesiosaurus and Pterodactylus. This Era is also called from
a paleobotanist view the Age of Conifers.[3]

Cenozoic Era

The Cenozoic Era ( /ˌsiːnəˈzoʊɪk, ˌsɛ-/)[1][2] is the current geological era, covering the period from 66 million
years ago to the present day.
The Cenozoic is also known as the Age of Mammals, because of the large mammals that dominate it. The
continents also moved into their current positions during this era.
 Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era ( /ˌpeɪliəˈzoʊɪk, ˌpæ-/;[1][2] from the Greek palaios(παλαιός), "old"
and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life"[3]) is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. It
is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 541 to 251.902 million years ago, and is subdivided into
six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,
and Permian. The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon and is followed by
the Mesozoic Era.

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous ( /krɪˈteɪʃəs/, kri-TAY-shəs) is a geologic period and systemthat spans 79 million years from the
end of the Jurassic Period 145 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period 66 mya. It is
the last period of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous Period is usually abbreviated K, for
its German translation Kreide (chalk).
 Triassic

The Triassic ( /traɪˈæsɪk/) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.9 million years from the end of
the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.3 Mya[8].
The Triassic is the first period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by
major extinction events.[9]

Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 46.7 million years from the end of
the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic period 251.902 Mya.
It is the last period of the Paleozoic era; the following Triassic period belongs to the Mesozoic era. The
concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the
city of Perm.
 Jurassic

The Jurassic ( /dʒʊˈræsɪk/; from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million
years from the end of the Triassic Period 201.3 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of
the Cretaceous Period 145 Mya.[note 1] The Jurassic constituted the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also
known as the Age of Reptiles. The start of the period was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction
event. Two other extinction events occurred during the period: the Pliensbachian/Toarcian event in the Early
Jurassic, and the Tithonian event at the end; however, neither event ranks among the "Big Five" mass
extinctions.\

Devonian

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of
the Silurian, 419.2 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, 358.9 Mya.[9] It is named
after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.
 Cambrian

The Cambrian Period ( /ˈkæmbriən/ or /ˈkeɪmbriən/) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, of
the Phanerozoic Eon.[6] The Cambrian lasted 55.6 million years from the end of the
preceding Ediacaran Period 541 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period 485.4
mya.[7] Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established (as “Cambrian series”)
by Adam Sedgwick,[6] who named it after Cambria, the Latinised form of Cymru, the Welsh name for Wales,
where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed.[8][9][10] The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high
proportion of lagerstätte sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where "soft" parts of
organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Cambrian
biology surpasses that of some later periods.[11]

Silurian

The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of
the Ordovician Period, at 443.8 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, 419.2
Mya.[8] As with other geologicperiods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified,
but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a
major Ordovician–Silurian extinction eventswhen 60% of marine species were wiped out.