ACI318-02-1

Title

Design of Beam with Compression Reinforcement

Description

A beam cross-section is limited to the size shown. Determine the required area of
reinforcement for a factored moment M u = 516 ft-kips (6,192 in-kips).
f c' =4,000 psi, f y =60,000 psi.

Beam with Compression Reinforcement

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (ACI318-02)

Check if compression reinforcenment is required, using φ = 0.9

M n = M u / φ = 516 / 0.9 = 573 ft-kips (6,876 in-kips)

Rn = M n / bd 2 = 573 × 12 × 1, 000 /14 × 20.52 = 1,169

The maximumu Rnt for tension-controlled sections of 4,000 psi concrete : Rnt = 911

Find the normal strength moment M nt resisted by the concrete section without compression
'
reinforcement, and M n to be resisted by the compression reinforcement.

M nt = Rn bd = 911 × 14 × 20.5 /(1, 000 × 12) = 447 ft-kips (5,364 in-kips)

2 2

M n' = M n − M nt = 573 − 447 = 126 ft-kips (1,512 in-kips)

' M n' 126 × 12

Compression reinforcement As As' = = = 1.43 in2
f s (d − d ) 58.7(50.2 − 2.5)
' '

Tension reinforcement As As = ρt (bd ) + As' ( f s' / f y )

= 0.01806(14)(20.5) + 1.43(58.7 / 60) = 6.58 in2

Reinforcement Pattern

Top 2-#8 (1.58 in2)

Bottom 9-#8 (7.11 in2)

2
 ACI318-02-1

Results by MIDAS/Gen
------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - RC-Beam Checking [ ACI318-02 ]
=========================================

*.MIDAS/Gen – RC-BEAM Analysis/Design Program.

*.DESIGN CODE : ACI318-02, *.UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

*.DESCRIPTION OF BEAM DATA (iSEC = 1) : sect

Section Type : Rectangle (RECT)
Beam Length (Span) = 200,000 in
Section Depth (Hc) = 23,000 in
Section Width (Bc) = 14,000 in
Concrete Strength (fc) = 4,000 kip/in2
Main Rebar Strength (fy) = 60,000 kip/in2
Stirrups Strength (fys) = 60,000 kip/in2
Modulus of Elasticity (Es) = 29000,000 kip/in2

*.FORCES AND MOMENTS AT CHECK POINT <1> :

Positive Bending Moment P-Mu = 6192.00 kip-in., LCB = 1
Shear Force Vu = 34.51 kip. , LCB = 1

*.REINFORCEMENT PATTERN :
---------------------------------------------------------
Location i di( in.) Rebar Asi( in^2.)
---------------------------------------------------------
Top 1 2.500 2-#8 1.58000
Bottom 2 20.500 9-#8 7.11000
---------------------------------------------------------
Stirrups : #3

====================================================
[[[*]]] ANALYZE POSITIVE BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY.
====================================================

( ). Compute design parameter (beta1).

-. beta1 = 0.8500 ( fc < 4000 psi.)

( ). Compute required ratio of reinforcement.

-. Rhomi1 = MAX[ 3*SQRT[fc]/fy, 200/fy ] = 0.0033
-. Rhomi2 = (4/3)*Mu/[ fy*b*d1*(d1-a/2) ] = 0.0333
-. Rhomin = MIN[ Rhomi1, Rhomi2 ] = 0.0033

3
Verification Example

-. Rho_et = 0.85*beta1*(fc/fy)*(0.003/(0.003+0.004)) = 0.0206

-. Rhomax = Rho_et = 0.0206

( ). Check ratio of tensile reinforcement.

-. Rho = As/(bw*d) = 0.0248
-. Rho > Rhomax ---> Not Acceptable !!!

( ). Check maximum permissible tensile reinforcement.

-. cb = (0.003/(0.003+0.004))*d1 = 8.786 in.
-. c_max = cb = 8.786 in.
-. a_max = beta1*c_max = 7.468 in.
-. Cc_max = 0.85*fc*(bw*a_max) = 355.47 kip.
-. es2 = 0.003*(c_max-d2)/c_max = 0.002
-. fs2 = Es*es2 = 60.000 kip/in^2.
-. Cs = (fs2-0.85*fc)*As2 = 89.43 kip.
-. Ts_max = Cc_max+Cs = 444.90 kip.
-. Asmax = Ts_max/fy = 7.415 in^2.
-. As1 = 7.110 in^2. < Asmax ---> O.K !

( ). Check compression steel yield condition.

-. cy = (0.003/(0.003-fy/Es))*d2 = 8.056 in.
-. Ccy = 0.85*fc*bw*(beta1*cy) = 325.93 kip.
-. Csy = (fy-0.85*fc)*As2 = 89.43 kip.
-. Tsy = Ccy+Csy = 415.36 kip.
-. Asy = Tsy/fy = 6.923 in^2.
-. As1 = 7.110 in^2. > Asy ---> Compression steel yield.

( ). Compute moment capacity.

-. Ts = As1*fy = 426.60 kip.
-. Cs = (fy-0.85*fc)*As2 = 89.43 kip.
-. Cc = Ts-Cs = 337.17 kip.
-. a = Cc/(0.85*fc*bw) = 7.083 in.
-. Mn = Cc*(d1-a/2)+Cs*(d1-d2) = 7327.56 kip-in.
-. phi = 0.90
-. phiMn = phi*Mn = 6594.80 kip-in.

( ). Check ratio of positive moment capacity.

-. Rat_P = Mu/phiMn = 0.939 < 1.000 ---> O.K.

4
 ACI318-02-1

5
Verification Example

Comparison of Results

Reference MIDAS/Gen
2
Top 2-#8 (1.58 in ) 2-#8 (1.58 in2)
Bottom 9-#8 (7.11 in2) 9-#8 (7.11 in2)

Reference

Basile G. Rabbat, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”, Example 6.2

6
 ACI318-02-2

Title

Design for Shear – Member Subject to Shear and Flexure Only

Description

Determine required size and spacing of vertical U-stirrups for a 30-foot span, simply
supported beam.

Section Property : bw = 13 in, d = 20 in

Material : f c' = 3,000 psi

Working load on beam

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (ACI318-02)

Vu = 67.5 − 4.5(20 / 12) = 60 kips

Shear Strength provided by concrete

φVc = φ 2 f c bw d
= 0.75(2) 3000 × 13 × 20 /1, 000
= 21.4 kips

Vu = 60kips > φVc = 21.4kips ∴ Therefore, shear reinforcement is required.

Vu − φVc = 38.6kips < φ 8 fc' bw d = 85.4kips OK

Required spacing of vertical No.4-U-stirrups (Av=0.40in2)

Av f y 0.4 × 40, 000
s(req’d) = = = 30 in
0.75 f bw c
'
0.75 3, 000(13)

Maximum permissible spacing of stirrup s(max) ≤ d/2 = 10 in

Maximum stirrup spacing based on minimum shear reinforcement

φ Av f y d 0.75 × 0.40 × 40 × 20
s(max) ≤ = = 6.2 in
Vu − φV C
38.6

Av f y 0.4 × 40, 000

s(max) ≤ = = 24.6 in
50bw 50 × 13

Therefore, ‘s(req’d) = 6.2 in’ satisfies s(max) = 10 in, ∴s = 6.2 in

Results by MIDAS/Gen

------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - RC-Beam Checking [ ACI318-02 ]
=========================================

*.MIDAS/Gen - RC-BEAM Analysis/Design Program.

*.DESIGN CODE : ACI318-02, *.UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

2
 ACI318-02-2

*.DESCRIPTION OF BEAM DATA (iSEC = 1) : sec

Section Type : Rectangle (RECT)
Beam Length (Span) = 360.000 in.
Section Depth (Hc) = 23.500 in.
Section Width (Bc) = 13.000 in.
Concrete Strength (fc) = 3.000 kip/in^2.
Main Rebar Strength (fy) = 40.000 kip/in^2.
Stirrups Strength (fys) = 40.000 kip/in^2.
Modulus of Elasticity (Es) = 29000.000 kip/in^2.

*.FORCES AND MOMENTS AT CHECK POINT <I> :

Positive Bending Moment P-Mu = 1275.00 kip-in., LCB = 1
Negative Bending Moment N-Mu = 0.00 kip-in., LCB = 1
Shear Force Vu = 60.00 kip-in., LCB = 1

*.REINFORCEMENT PATTERN :
---------------------------------------------------------
Location i di( in.) Rebar Asi( in^2.)
---------------------------------------------------------
Top 1 2.500 2-#8 1.58000
Bottom 2 20.000 3- 3-#8 4.74000
---------------------------------------------------------
Stirrups : #4

==================================
[[[*]]] ANALYZE SHEAR CAPACITY.
==================================

( ). Compute shear strength of concrete.

-. Vu = 60.00 kip.
-. Vc = 2*SQRT(fc)*bw*d = 28.48 kip.
-. phi = 0.75
-. phiVc = phi*Vc = 21.36 kip.
-. Vu > phiVc ---> Required shear reinforcement.

( ). Compute required shear reinforcement. ( Av1 = 0.20000 in^2. )

-. Vs = (Vu-phiVc)/phi = 51.52 kip.
-. 4*SQRT(fc)*bw*d1 = 56.96 kip.
-. 8*SQRT(fc)*bw*d1 = 113.93 kip.
-. Vs < 4*SQRT(fc)*bw*d1 ---> O.K !
-. Avmin1 = 50*bw/fy = 0.01625 in^2/in.
-. Avmin2 = 0.75*SQRT(fc)*bw/fy = 0.01335 in^2/in.
-. Avmin = MAX[ Avmin1, Avmin2 ] = 0.01625 in^2/in.
-. Avreq = Vs/(fys*d1) = 0.06440 in^2/in.
-. Av = MAX[ Avmin, Avreq ] = 0.06440 in^2/in.

3
Verification Example

-. N_leg = 2
-. Maximum spacing smax = MIN[ d/2, 24 in ] = 10.000 in.
-. Calculate spacing s1 = N_leg*Av1 / Av = 6.21137 in.
-. Applied spacing s = MIN[ smax, s1 ] = 6.211 in.

Comparison of Results
Reference MIDAS/Gen
Vu 60 kips 60 kips
φ Vc 21.4 kips 21.4 kips
Maximum spacing
10 in 10 in
s(max)
s(req’d) 6.2 in 6.2 in

Reference
Basile G. Rabbat, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”, Example 12.1

4
 ACI318-02-3

Title

Design for Shear – with Axial Compression

Description

Check shear reinforcement requirements for the column under axial load.

Mu = 86 ft-kips
Pu = 160 kips
Vu = 20 kips
f c' = 4,000 psi
fy = 40,000 psi

Axially loaded column

1
Verification Example

Theoretical Results (ACI318-02)

Shear Force Vu = 20 kips

Shear Strength provided by concrete

 Nu  '
φ Vc = φ 2 1 +  fc bw d
 2, 000 Ag 

 160, 000 
= 0.75(2) 1 + 4, 000 (12)(13.75) / 1, 000 = 22.2 kips
 2, 000(16 × 12) 
(d = 16-[1.5+0.375+(0.750/2)] = 13.75 in)

Since Vu = 20 kips > φ Vc / 2 = 11.1 kips, minimum shear reinforcement requirements

must be satisfied. No. 3 stirrups (Av = 0.22 in2)
Maximum permissible spacing of stirrup s(max) ≤ d/2 = 13.75/2 = 6.9 in (governs)

Maximum stirrup spacing based on minimum shear reinforcement

Av f y
s(max) ≤ = 15.5 in
0.75 f c' bw
Av f y
s(max) ≤ = 14.7 in
50bw

Results by MIDAS/Gen
------------------------------------------------------------------------
MIDAS/Gen - RC-Beam Checking [ ACI318-02 ]
=========================================

*.MIDAS/Gen - RC-COLUMN Analysis/Design Program.

*.DESIGN CODE : ACI318-02, *.UNIT SYSTEM : kip, in

*.DESCRIPTION OF COLUMN DATA (iSEC = 1) : sect

Section Type : Rectangular with Ties (RT)
Section Height (HTc) = 120.000 in.
Section Depth (Hc) = 16.000 in.
Section Width (Bc) = 12.000 in.
Concrete Cover to C.O.R. (do) = 2.250 in.

2
 ACI318-02-3

Concrete Strength (fc) = 4.000 kip/in^2.

Main Rebar Strength (fy) = 40.000 kip/in^2.
Ties/Spirals Strength (fys) = 40.000 kip/in^2.
Modulus of Elasticity (Es) = 29000.000 kip/in^2.

================================================================
[[[*]]] ANALYZE SHEAR CAPACITY OF BIAXIALLY LOADED RC-COLUMN
(RC-BRACE).
================================================================

( ). Compute maximum spacing of ties.

-. smax = MIN[ 16*Dbar, 48*Dstir, Hc, Bc ] = 12.000 in.

( ). Compute concrete shear strength in local-z direction.

( LCB = 1, POS = I )
-. Applied axial force : Pu = 160.00 kip.
-. Applied shear force : Vuz = 20.00 kip.
-. d = Hc-do = 13.750 in.
-. Bw = Bc = 12.000 in.
-. Acv = Bw*d = 165.000 in^2.
-. Vc = 2*(1+Pu/(2000*Ag))*SQRT(fc)*Acv = 29.57 kip.
-. phi = 0.75
-. phiVc = phi*Vc = 22.18 kip.
-. Vuz < phiVc ---> Required minimum shear reinforcement.

( ). Compute required reinforcement in local-z direction shear.

-. Avz = 50*Bw/fys = 0.015 in^2/in.
-. Calc. spacing s1 = N_leg*Av1 / Avz = 14.667 in.
-. sz = MIN[ s1, d/2, 24 in, smax ] = 6.875 in.

( ). Compute concrete shear strength in local-y direction.

( LCB = 1, POS = I )
-. Applied axial force : Pu = 160.00 kip.
-. Applied shear force : Vuy = 0.00 kip.
-. d = Bc-do = 9.750 in.
-. Bw = Hc = 16.000 in.
-. Acv = Bw*d = 156.000 in^2.
-. Vc = 2*(1+Pu/(2000*Ag))*SQRT(fc)*Acv = 27.95 kip.
-. phi = 0.75
-. phiVc = phi*Vc = 20.97 kip.
-. Vuy < phiVc/2 ---> Not required shear reinforcement.

3
Verification Example

Comparison of Results
Reference MIDAS/Gen
Vu 20 kips 20 kips
φ Vc 22.2 kips 22.2 kips
Maximum spacing s(max) 6.9 in 6.9 in

Reference

Basile G. Rabbat, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”, Example 12.3