References:

Ship Design & Construction Vol.I

Ship Design & Construction Vol.II
Practical Ship Design

Fishing Vessel
Desain Kapal 2

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Introduction

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Fishing ground

 Shallow waters off the shores of the

continent
 Fishing vessel L (5~11)m  operate only a
short number of hours every day , local
fishing
 Fishing vessel L (10~50)m  operate on one
to five day
 Fishing vessel L (50~150)m  operate world
wide for month or end
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 Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DGCF)

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Unique features & Capabilities
 Successful fishing vessel designs focus on some (or all) of the following aspects
related to efficient ways of:
 Locating
 Catching
 Processing

 Containment, and
 Landing ashore of the fish

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Types Of Fishing Methods
Fishing Methods

Pelagic Demersal
On the sea bed
species/surface species/bottom

Purse seining Bottom trawling Bottom trawling

Mid water trawling Beam trawling Potting & creel ling

Gill netting Seine netting Scallop Dredging

Pair seining Gill net

Long line

Gill netting

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Purse seining  As “purse seining” is a fishing tackle that is cast vertically
and closed at the bottom,
 it requires buoys or floats to keep it afloat (top rope)
that forms a barrier on the surface at the same time,
once the net is in the water

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Average duration of the main purse seine maneuvers in a tuna boat

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Mid water trawling

 Pelagic trawling is a method of fishing for targeting fish between the surface
and seabed.
 nets can be as big as 160 m deep and 240 m wide.

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Beam trawling

 The net is held open by a

rigid framework
 two common types of
beam trawl:
 ‘open gear’ -- clean soft
ground (seabed's).
 ‘chain mat gear’ --
rockier areas of
seabed

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Bottom trawling
 Bottom trawling is a direct descendant of the original beam trawl.
 The size of the nets being restricted by the limited power available and the length of
beam that could be stowed aboard the vessel

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Seine Netting

 using ropes to keep the

net open and herd the
fish towards the net.
 One end of the ropes is
shot, with a dhan (buoy)
attached

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Pair seining

 This is very similar to pair trawling but longer lengths (as much as 3500metres) of
seine net ropes
 One of the problems of both methods is that the two vessels have to come close
together to pass the tails of the net across.

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 Long lining

 The main line, which may be several km in length’

 The catch of a liner is usually in better condition than that of a trawler, thereby selling
for a better price.
 The size of fish being regulated by the hook size and species to a certain extent by the
bait used.

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Gill netting
 usually rectangular sheets of netting hung like a curtain in the water to catch fish by
enmeshing or entangling them as they swim into the net

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 Potting & creel ling

 capture of crabs, lobsters,

crayfish, Nephrons, shrimps,
cuttlefish and several other species
in lesser numbers.
 These pots differ in shape, size
and construction materials
according to the target species,
and local practices

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 Scallop Dredging
 The dredges consist of a frame and a toothed bar at the front to dig the scallops out
of the sand with a collecting bag behind it.

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FAO Classification of Fishery Vessel types
 The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN  characteristics used
for distinguish the various types and classes of fishing vessels are:
• the general arrangement and deck layout
• position of the bridge or wheel house
• the fishing equipment used
• method of fish preservation and processing

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Basic Requirement of Fishing vessel
Excellent sea keeping qualities

Minimum noise & vibration

Safety of ship, crew, cargo, catch fish

Ability to find, track, and catch fish

Ability to bring catch onboard

Ability to process catch

Ability to store catch

Ability to delivery

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Hull form design criteria
 Low resistance,
 Excellent propulsive properties,
 Excellent seakeeping,
 Excellent maneuverability,
 Easy to build/construct,
 Good fish routing from deck to the processing and storage spaces,
 Accommodate all necessary system, navigational, working and living spaces, and
 Offer a safe and efficient working space with adequate (weather) protection to
those working out in the open spaces on deck

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Lines plan of fishing trawler

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 Resistance
 Depending on the type of fishing
to be carried out, the location of
the fishing ground, and expected Regression
based
environmental conditions, the
vessel resistance may be required
to be quantifies listed in table

Direct Various Traditional

methods for
model test resistance & standard
method calculation series

CFD

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Propulsion
 The propulsion systems of a fishing vessel must be able to serve two different
condition:
 1) Deliver sufficient pulling power during fishing conditions to be able to
cope with extra resistance due to the fishing gear(nets, boards, lines, etc)
 2) Deliver sufficient thrust in free sailing condition to attain the required
free sailing speed.

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General Arrangement

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Deck Arrangement

 Standard frame spacing in m = 0.48 + 0.002L

 maximum 0.61 m forward of collision bulkhead and aft of the after peak
bulkhead
 Longitudinal bulkheads are normally to be arranged as follows:
 B ≤ 6 m : One centre line

 B > 6 m : Two bulkheads

 Transverse bulkheads in cargo holds are normally not to be spaced more than 0.15
L apart. The spacing need not be taken less than 9 m and is not to exceed 12 m.
 The freeboard may be taken equal to zero provided a closed superstructure of
length not less than 0.45L is fitted.
 The length of the forecastle is not to be less than 0.07 L metres, and the mean
height is not to be less than1.5 m.

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Fish Storage Area

 Depending on the mission profile of the ship

 be provided with drainage to effectively remove ice melt water
 Separated from engine compartments and other heated areas of a vessel by watertight,
insulated bulkheads and wall surfaces, bulkheads and deckheads in frozen storage areas

Hand(smaller
vessel)

Boom/derrick

Fish Discharging Shore cranes

Conveyor belt

Deck
cranes(the
larges vessel)

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Resistance
 Depending on the type of fishing
to be carried out, the location of the
fishing ground, and expected
environmental conditions.
 Free running and fishing condition is
first the actual vessel speed and
second the extra resistance due the
fishing gear being used
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Propulsion
 Must be able to serve two different
conditions:
 Fishing condition (4~6 knots)
 Free sailing condition (10~21
knots)
 Number of propulsion system
 Single fixed or controllable pitch
propeller system with or without
nozzle
 Twin fixed or controllable pitch
propeller system with or without
nozzle
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Machinery Arrangement

 Machinery
 Stern tube & Rudder stock
 For vessel less than 35 m in length the stern tube and rudder stock
are generally seawater lubricated
 Engine exhaust piping

 Engine room intake & exhaust air

 Engine cooling
 Engine alignment

 Piping System
 Three identical pumps are often fitted for the bilge, ballast/emergency bilge &
general service/fire/emergency ballast system

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