HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

Volleyball- is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net.

William G. Morgan
-YMCA physical education director
-he created a new game called Mintonette
-February 9,1985 in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA)
- he decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball and tennis to create a game for his classes
of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball
- first rule constructed was the requirement of a net 6ftx6 in. or (1.98m) high, a 25ftx50ft.(7.6mx
15.2m) court, and any number of players
-A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning.
-There was no limit to the number of ball contacts for each team before sending the ball to the
opponents’ court.
-In case of a serving error, a second try was allowed.
-Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul except in the case of the first-try serve.

Alfred Halstead
-he noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the
International YMCA Training School, the game became quickly know as volleyball originally
written in two words: “volley ball”

W.E. Day
- developed new rules of the game
- the net was raised to 7 ½ feet, multiple hits of player was not allowed, and the game was set to
21 points

1916- The modern version of the rules was introduced, the rules on rotation of players before serving.
-the dimension of the court and the ball was standardized

1916- the YMCA and NCAA published the rules of the game and made additional changes.
-the height of the net was set to 8 feet, the score was set to 15 points, the match was set to the best
of two winning game.

1920- the rule of limiting the number of hits per side to three was established, and the ball must played
only above the waist.

1917 – the first Pan Asian Game was held, and was participated by the Philippines and China.
-the 16 man volleyball system was implemented
-the 15 point-system was adapted

1921- the year when the center line was imposed

1927- the Far Eastern Game Rules were adopted in the Philippines until 1936
-9 players on one side; 21 points to a set, a player was a given an extra serve if he misses the first
one, players did not rotate.
-the court was 21mX11m
1964 – volleyball was included in the world Olympics in Tokyo, Japan
America – introduced the game volleyball in Europe during the first and second wars, as a recreational
activity

YMCA program – was also instrumental in bringing volleyball to many parts of the world

When volleyball was introduced to Europe, especially to Soviet Union, they created the European
style, which was attack-oriented and perfected execution of the skills. This style of power of volleyball
made by them dominate, volleyball international competitions for three decades, winning several titles in
both men and women divisions. Europe has the most titles in the world volleyball championships, and in
the Olympic Games. Czechoslovakia contributed to European volleyball with it highly individualistic
mastery in techniques and tactics.

1947 – the International Volley Ball Federated ( IVBF) was founded with Paul Libaud as its first
president. Under his term in 37 years, volleyball improved by leaps and bounds. The IVBF unified rules
were adopted for the first time.

Japanese- developed their quick attack combinations and their devoted defense to be ranked in the world
top level in the 60’s and 70’s and the Chinese women’s team in the 80’s

Cubans were known for their great jumping ability.

USA men’s team combining European and Asian styles of play, and implementing new attack and
defense tactics, dominated the Olympics and the world championship.

Elwood Brown – he introduced the game volleyball in the Philippines in 1910

When volleyball was introduced in the Philippines, the Filipino started spiking, as one of the
spectacular aspects of offense. Spiking actually revolutionized the game and the sport a highly
competitive one. Dr. Ruben Acosta acknowledged this in his opening speech in the 1998 World Grand
Prix held in Manila.

Volleyball is now a very popular sport ranks next to soccer and football as the world’s most
popular sports. Volleyball is developing rapidly and enormously that technical progress and international
rule changes have dramatically made volleyball spectators’ sport. The direction of most sports now is
towards entertainment. Television is playing a big role in bringing spectacular volleyball to our homes
played by top teams of the world, both for men and women.
FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

SERVE
To serve is to put the ball into play, to start every rally. It is one skill that is under total control. It
is a form of attack because with a strong and tough serve, it can put pressure on the opponents. The serve
is not only an offensive weapon than can score points, but a defensive one, as well, by causing the
receiver to make bad passes to the setter, thus lessening the team’s attack options.

OVERHEAD SERVE
This volleyball serve is one of the basics. The alignment of feet, hips, and shoulder sets up the
proper serve position. From proper weight transfer on approach to hand position at the point of contact,
learn the right way to serve the volleyball.

PASS
It is the first contact of a team with balls coming from the opponent’s serve, spike, tip or volley.

The bump pass or dig pass is commonly used to pass a served ball. It is called bump pass because
the player bumps the ball every time contact is made with the forearms from low position.

Overhead passing / setting

To set is to use the skill of overhead passing, to put a ball for the spiker to attack. The overhead
pass is preferred to the forehand pass because there is more control, and is more accurate. It is may also
be used to deliver a third contact over the net to the opponents if an attack is not possible.

ATTACK
The attack is one of the most exciting parts of the game; the attack is done usually on the third
contact which could be a spike or smash, tips or “dink”. The spike is the most common attack. To spike is
to put away the ball from the top of the net with considerable force towards the opponents’ court.

BLOCK
To block is to intercept the ball from the opponents’ side before it crosses the vertical plane of the
net. It is the first line of defense against any opponents’ attack
TERMINOLOGIES AND MECHANICS OF VOLLEYBALL
1. Ace – a serve that results directly in appoint without further action by players on the serving
team.
2. Antenna – The vertical rods along the outside edge of the net extending 32 inches above the net to
indicate out-of- bounds along the sideline.
3. Assist – Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill.
4. Attack – A broad term that can mean many different things. At a high level, this term is used to
describe the offensive scheme or pattern with which a team attempts to score a point. At a lower
level, this term refers to the attempt by a player to score a point by hitting the ball in some
manner.
5. Attack Attempt – The attempt by a player to terminate a play by hitting the ball to the floor on the
opponent’s side.
6. Back Set – A set made when the player who is setting the ball has his/her back toward the hitter.
7. Back Row Attack – Typically, the player who has rotated to the back row jumps behind the 3-
meter line to hit the ball.
8. Block – The first line of defense where one or more players successfully terminate a rally or play
in their favor, stop the ball from traveling over the net.
9. Blocking Error – A violation consists of touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set,
or any other violation which occurs while making a block attempt.
10. Center Line – The boundary that runs under the net, and divides the court into two equal playing
areas.
11. Court Dimension – 59 feet from end line to end line, and 29 feet, 6 inches wide (18m x 9m)
12. Defensive Specialist DS – The position of a team which is responsible for digging and passing the
ball in the back row. These players are normally short, and substituted out when they rotate to
front row.
13. Dig – The act of successfully receiving a ball. Almost always, dig refers to the act of recovering
an attacked ball close to the court.
14. Down-Referee – Secondary referee. He/she stands on the floor at the opposite end of the net as
the up-referee.
15. FIVB/IVBF – Federation Internationale de Volleyball/ International Volleyball Federation.
16. Floater – A serve with no spin that follows an unpredictable path.
17. Focus – To concentrate attention or effort. To direct toward a common center or objective.
18. Foot Fault – The illegal act of placing a foot on, or inside the end line prior to the serve.
19. Forearm Pass – Contracting the ball with the forearms in order to deliver the ball to the setter in
an underhanded manner.
20. Foul – A violation of the rules that was called by a referee.
21. Free Ball – A ball delivered over the net to the opposing team in a non-threatening manner
because the ball was hit more like a pass rather than a spike.
22. Held Ball – (carry) A ball that comes to rest for more than a maximum allowable time during
contact resulting in a foul.
23. Hit – To offensively strike the ball in an effort to terminate the rally for a side-out or point. The
hit can be either an overhand and underhand shot, so long as the hit made to terminate the rally.
24. Jump Serve – One of the feared serves in volleyball. When executed consistently, the jump serve
involves the server tossing the ball up and making contact with ball as it falls by jumping up in
the air.
25. Kill – A successful attack that terminates a play or rally resulting in an immediate point or side-
out by the team making the kill.
26. Let Serve – A legal serve attempt where the ball makes contact with the net while still managing
to go over on the serve receiving team’s side of the court.
27. Libero – A player who can be substituted into a game freely in the back row for defensive
purposes, i,e., digging, passing.
28. Line Shot – In contrast to a cross-court shot, a line shot refers to a hit attempt where the ball is
directed along an opponent’s sideline closest to the hitter and usually outside the block.
29. Line Judge – Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is responsible for ruling,
if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which he/she is responsible.
30. Mintonette – The original name for the sport of volleyball given by Founder William Morgan.
31. Overhead Pass – A ball- handling skill using both hands simultaneously to contact the ball above
the head, and direct it to the intended target.
32. Pass – The act of receiving and delivering the ball to the setter.
33. Ready Position – The flexed, yet comfortable posture which a player assumes before moving to
the point of contract.
34. Red Card – A more severe sanction given by the up-referee.
35. Rally Point Score (RPS) –Every play will result in a point regardless of who served the ball.
36. Rotation – The collective clockwise movement of players on a team around their side of the court
following a side out. Each rotation determines the identity of the server.
37. Screening – The illegal act of obstructing the view of the opposing team by preventing them from
visually seeing server, with players on the server’s team at the time of the serve.
38. Serve – The act by one player to put the ball into play. The serving player is usually identified by
the current rotation. When serving, the player must be located in a designated area behind the
back line.
39. Setter (S)- The position on a team which considered the leader and “quarterback”, who is
normally responsible for delivering the ball to one of the other players for an attack attempt.
40. Side Out – In contrast to the rally point scoring system, the side-out scoring system mandates that
the only time a team scores a point is when the plays ends in the serving team’s favor.
41. Underhand Serve – Although most of the players serve overhand for greater power, the
underhand serve was successfully employed by Japanese team. It is more conservative, “safer”,
and accurate serve than the overhand serve.
42. Up Referee – The main or first referee. He /she stays on stand.
43. USAV –United States Volleyball (formerly USVBA)
44. USPV – United States Professional Volleyball
45. Yellow Card – A warning given by the up-referee.