Ddba 8303discussions

1 year ago
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Discussion - Week 1
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Discussion: Qualitative Designs for DBA Research
During the first course of this program, you considered your “why” for beginning your
doctoral program and began exploring what it means to be an independent scholar who
conducts research in the field of business. As you continue to plan for your Doctoral
Study, keep in mind that one of your objectives should be to think and function in an
action-oriented manner, so business owners and leaders can apply your research findings
in practice. Consider what it means to conduct research that will effect change in
everyday business practice.
As a doctoral independent scholar, you are undoubtedly concerned with the time and
cost associated with conducting your research. Therefore, a thorough understanding of
the variances between the case study and phenomenological research designs is
valuable to your decision of selecting an appropriate research design, taking into
consideration time, cost, and appropriateness to your applied research question.
To prepare for this Discussion, review this week’s Required Readings and consider the
similarities and differences between case study and phenomenological research designs.
Be sure to focus on the benefits of case study design in terms of time and cost within the
context of DBA doctoral research.
By Day 3
Post an assessment of case study design versus phenomenological research design for
doctoral research. Your assessment should include the following:
 Compare and contrast case study and phenomenological research
designs, including commitments of time and cost for each design.
 Explain the benefits of using a case study for DBA doctoral research,
including an example from scholarly research that supports your
assertion.
Be sure to support your work with a minimum of two specific citations from this week’s
Learning Resources and one or more additional scholarly sources.
Refer to the Week 1 Discussion Rubric for specific grading elements and criteria. Your
Instructor will use this rubric to assess your work.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.

By Day 5
Respond to two or more of your colleagues’ postings in one or more of the following
ways:
 Address a colleague’s analysis and evaluation of the topic(s).
 Expand or remark upon a colleague’s integration of relevant resources.
 Answer question(s) posed by your colleague(s) for further discussion.
 Link a colleague’s posting to other postings or to course materials and
concepts, where appropriate and relevant.
 Extend or constructively challenge your colleagues’ work.
Please note that for each response you must include a minimum of one appropriately
cited scholarly reference.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note
what insights you gained as a result of reading the comments your colleagues made.
Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then
click on the Submit button to post your message.
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Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER
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This week’s focus – Qualitative method

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Welcome to DDBA-8303 Qualitative Case Study Method

Research
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Scholarly Posts
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Walden published studies

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Qualitative Research Thoughts

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The Quantitative/Qualitative debate

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Comparison
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DBA Residency?
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Research: The Journey Is The Destination
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RE: Research: The Journey Is The Destination
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RE: Research: The Journey Is The Destination
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Phenomenological studies
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RE: Phenomenological studies
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reliability and validity sections

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How Much Freedom Exists?

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Qualitative Strategies
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Software
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RE: Discussion - Week 1 Alima Cromedy
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Qualitative Research Analysis

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Consider this thought . . .

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Is Qualitative Structured?
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More to Consider
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Qualitative Reflections
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As you reflect this week on qualitative research, the following is offered for your
consideration.
Qualitative researchers perform exploratory research to understand what

independent variables should occur in a quantitative study.
Similarities and differences exist between quantitative and qualitative research

methods. Quantitative research condenses data, reduces the number of variables,
and comes from precise measurements, whereas qualitative research enhances
data, addresses themes and generalizations, and comes from documents and
transcripts. Quantitative and qualitative research overlap, but the most striking
difference appears in data analysis. Quantitative analysis occurs by using statistics
and qualitative analysis extracts themes and generalizations and organizes the data
into a coherent and understandable presentation.
In qualitative research, researchers are not interested in quantifying or validating

causal relationships. The primary interest is to explore patterns by establishing
meaning and themes of an incident’s phenomena.
Dr. Judy
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Central Question for Qualitative Studies

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The following is an entry discussion into what might be considered the central
question of a qualitative study. Some additional information for your consideration.
Several possible sources can be used to collect qualitative data: (a) key informant
interviews, (b) focus group interviews, (c) observations, (d) historical documents, (e)
telephone interviews, (f) web site discussions, and (g) open-ended questionnaires.
Use the central question and sub-questions to guide the development of your data
collection instrument appropriate for your study. The process I have shown is an
indication of how your proposal sections are established, though the steps are not
written into the documents.
A sampling plan limits the set of collected data to a manageable analysis size and
establishes a population of relevant data for data analysis. Data derivation begins
with an analysis of data guided by the study’s research question(s). Your analysis
method provides a systematic examination of collected data and inductive strategies
directed toward the development of patterns or themes. Coding allows the translation
of qualitative data into manageable categories and examination by an analysis
method. After categorization, theme interpretation reveals the effects desired by your
research.
The two primary research processes of obtaining data are quantitative and
qualitative (Creswell, 2014). Quantitative research uses a methodology where data
gathered from experiments, surveys, and existing statistics are analyzed using
statistical procedures or other quantification methods to test variables and
hypotheses (Neuman, 2009). Qualitative research uses a methodology where data
gathered from field and historical-comparative research are analyzed using
processes of interpreting cases and contexts to define concepts and relationships of
social interactions and their meaning systems (Neuman, 2009). The nature of the
research problem determines the selected research design method (Cooper &
Schindler, 2010).
Quantitative analysis addresses numbers and the meaning of these numbers,
whereas qualitative analysis considers words (Creswell, 2014). The nature of the
data indicates one differentiating perspective between qualitative and quantitative
orientations (Neuman, 2009). Comparing results with predictions, associating or
relating variables, or describing trends are primary quantitative design features
(Creswell, 2014). Exploring themes, the meaning of findings, common experiences,
shared culture, and the lives of people are primary qualitative design features
(Creswell, 2014).
The topic for the research requires narrowing to a focused research question.
Quantitative and qualitative content analysis researchers define research questions
differently (Krippendorff, 2012). Quantitative researchers narrow their topic to tested
variables and hypotheses within the design of their study (Cooper & Schindler,
2013). Qualitative researchers begin with a general research question and allow the
topic’s meaning to emerge within the study (Krippendorff, 2012).
Qualitative research questions are open and general rather than defining specific
hypotheses (Charmaz, 2013). Because qualitative research begins with a framing
question (Charmaz, 2013), such a starting question allows for the exploration of the
research topic relating to the proposed problem and evolves into other questions
during the research process. With these considerations applied, the starting question
for the study may be a single question (which was referred to as the central
question).
Dr. Judy
Charmaz, K. (2013). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through

qualitative analysis. London, UK: Sage.
Cooper, D. R. & Schindler, P. S. (2013). Business research methods. New York, NY:
McGraw Hill/Irwin.
Creswell, J. (2014). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating

quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Merrill/Pearson Education.
Krippendorff, K. (2012). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Neuman, W. L. (2009). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative

approaches. Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Allyn and Bacon.
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Qualitative Requires Interpretation

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Qualitative studies require or emphasize interpretation. When we interpret, we
examine meaning.
Potentially, there are five different meanings of the term “meaning” that
collaboratively establish a holistic picture of what is involved when we say that
elements of a situation are meaningful. We interpret experience in five different
ways: linguistically using language, ontologically by analyzing the purpose of being,
epistemologically through the construction of knowledge, axiologically by the
application of values, and existentially by disclosing the character of being.
Interpretation, synthesis, and evaluation are needed skills of a qualitative researcher.
Dr. Judy

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Anonymous
Discussion - Week 2
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Discussion: Principles and Methods of Qualitative Data Collection
A key requirement of the case study design is to collect data from multiple sources.
Specifically, all Walden DBA independent scholars conducting case studies must collect
data from at least two sources, interviews being one of those mandatory sources. Yin
(2014) identified six sources of evidence to include (a) documentation, (b) archival
records, (c) interviews, (d) direct observation, (e) participant observation, and (f) physical
artifacts (p. 105). You will be required to select one source other than interviews to meet
the data collection requirements.
To prepare for this Discussion, review this week’s Required Readings and consider
why the different sources of evidence are important to the work of a DBA doctoral
researcher, including the role of triangulation within the qualitative data collection
process.
By Day 3
Post an analysis of sources and methods of data collection in the context of your DBA
doctoral research question. In your analysis, do the following:
 Explain how the “Four Principles of Data Collection” from Yin (2014)
support your ability to address your DBA doctoral research question.
 Explain the importance of utilizing multiple sources of evidence and
triangulation within the data collection process. Be sure to address the
specific types of data triangulation (data, investigation, investigator,
methodological) and their relationship to data quality. Be sure to
provide a scholarly example to support your explanation.

By Day 5
ways:
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Welcome to Week 2!– Qualitative Data Collection Methods

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Hi Scholars,
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Aileen Webb
RE: Hi Scholars,
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Creating Qualitative Research Questions

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Gary Marshall
RE: Creating Qualitative Research Questions
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Consent form
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Overview of qualitative research - Walden

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Gary Marshall
RE: Overview of qualitative research - Walden
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IRB at Walden
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Doc study review method

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Qualitative Designs
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Tips for Interview

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Qual research - Body Language

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Recruiting participants
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read: Discussion - Week 2
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What is Ethics?
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Ethics vs. Etiquette

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For your consideration

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The shortcomings of ethical training for researchers have become more evident over the last
20 to 25 years, especially with the readily available data on the Internet. Plagiarism seems to
be the primary focus of such shortcomings.
Surprisingly, shortcomings appear to be prevalent in the business community, for example,
given the collapses of companies such as WorldCom and Enron. Sarbanes Oxley is supposed
to eliminate or reduce such ethical considerations.
With academia and industry having similar issues, is self-regulation or self-monitoring a

suitable practice?
Dr. Judy
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Variables in Quantitative Research

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A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Another definition of a variable is
that it is a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different
individuals or units of analyses (i.e. sample). More so, variables are the corner stone of
quantitative research, where the researcher seeks to explain the relationship between variables
or compare group differences regarding a variable or variables of interest. Another important
distinction having to do with the term variable is the distinction between
an independent and dependent variable.
An independent variable is the variable you have control over, what you can choose and
manipulate. A dependent variable is also known as a response variable or explained variable.
The independent variable is usually what you think will affect the dependent variable. In
some cases, you may not be able to manipulate the independent variable. It may be something
that is already there and is fixed (i.e. company size), something you would like to evaluate
with respect to how it predicts, influences, impacts, or causes the dependent variable (i.e.
employee satisfaction).
As it applies to your research, the dependent variable is normally the

“problematic” variable in DBA studies where the researcher it trying to explain what
influences, impacts, or causes the problem. For example, if the specific business problem is
low employee satisfaction then employee satisfaction is the dependent variable. The
researcher then selects independent variables that are thought to predict, influence, impact, or
cause the dependent variable, in this case, employee satisfaction.
Example Correlation Research Question: Is there a relationship between company size (i.e.
small, medium, large), company sector (i.e. manufacturing, healthcare,
computers), and employee satisfaction.
Company size and company sector are the independent variables in the above example, as
they are presumed to be predictors of employee satisfaction. It is important to understand that
quantitative research questions must be presented in temporal order, that is, the independent
variables are to be presented before the dependent variables. Notice the word “and” in the
above research question example. The word “and” is used as a separator between the
independent and dependent variable(s). Terms such as influence, impact, cause, effect, etc.,
are also separator terms between the independent and dependent variables.
Thus, it is extremely important to clearly identify the independent and dependent variables in
the Purpose Statement component of the proposal. Identification of the variables informs
other research components such as sample size and type of statistical analysis that to be
conducted.
See more on variables at: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/variable.php
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Alima Cromedy
RE: Discussion - Alima Cromedy Week 2
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For my doctoral research question, I’ve found that the “Four Principles of Data Collection”
by Yin, 2014 can help me to look at the research I’m currently gathering and analyzing my
topic on the turnover rate of Nurses in Hospitals. This may also help me find a solution to the
problem. The first of four principals ‘Use multiple sources of evidence by Yin helps me to
try to verify my research and data by looking at different hospitals, looking at the culture of
each hospitals, the leadership team and how they treat their nurses.
This study will employ an exploratory single case study approach. Yin (2014) states that the
motivation for doing case study research lies in the interest to understand a real world case.
By developing understanding for this real world case, reasons and conditions that are related
to the case will become apparent. Yin (2014) further declares that there are three conditions
that could determine the use of case study: 1) the manner of research question, 2) the degree
of researcher control and 3) the degree of focus on contemporary events desired. Yin (2014)
reasons, according to the second condition, that case study is preferred when the examination
of the event is done in real time, but relevant behaviors cannot be managed. direct
observation of the Nurses, their work, the leadership role in managing the Nurses will all be
looked at when trying to determine the problem but also when coming up with solutions.
The second and third principle of data collection is maintaining case study database and
evidence collected respectively. These two principles improve reliability of research study.
According to Yin (2014) arranging research data in an orderly manner and keeping evidence
such as interview transcripts will enhance the reliability of the research.
References
Thomas, G. (2011). How to do your case study: A guide for students and
researchers. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
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Anonymous
Discussion - Week 3
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Discussion: Reliability and Validity
A key difference between qualitative and quantitative research is the concept of
reliability and validity. The analogous criteria for qualitative studies are dependability,
credibility, transferability, and confirmability. These criteria are not measurable and need
to be established using qualitative methods, such as member checking and triangulation
(data triangulation, investigator triangulation, theoretical triangulation, and
methodological triangulation).
To prepare for this Discussion, review Figure 2.3, “Case Study Tactics for Four Design
Tests” on page 45 of Yin (2014), as well as Table 5.3, “Threats to Reliability” on page 203
of Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill (2015), and consider the different data quality issues
that can arise within the doctoral research process. Be sure to take into consideration
such concerns as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
By Day 3
Post an analysis of reliability and validity within the context of qualitative research data
analysis. In your analysis, do the following:
 Identify sources for data quality issues that could negatively impact a
doctoral research study.
 Explain the importance of reliability and validity within a DBA doctoral
research study.
 Explain how reliability and validity can be achieved within the doctoral
research process.

By Day 5
ways:
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Methodological Rigor
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Quality Data
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Methodology Research
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Qualitative designs . . .
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Case study
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For Qualitative Researchers

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Do words represent the method?

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More to Consider
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Additional Comparisons
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When comparing qualitative and quantitative research, is one more important
than the other? Have you talked to Ph.D.s or D.B.A.s and they indicated
quantitative is the best method to use or have they indicated qualitative is the
best method to use?
Both methods offer different, but overlapping purpose. For many new
researchers, this thought equates to "that must mean mixed methods is the
best." Seems clear, but is the overlap always present?
Whether we are buying a new car or preparing a presentation for a senior

executive, we compare or differentiate using qualitative and quantitative
considerations. "I like that color better" versus "That option results in higher
profits" comparisons are always present.
So, which comparison type is the one addressed last? This last consideration
would imply its importance above the other. Likely, the response would be "it
depends on the context of the problem." The context of the problem
determines the problem and the methodology that is best for the given
considerations. Makes sense, correct? Or, is there a "last" consideration?
From my work experiences, I have sometimes found that business executives

like short concise pictures that they can understand quickly; they prefer not to
read through documents in their entirety. Thus, numbers and charts
associated with a quantitative study may be better suited for them.
For many years, my thoughts about these business executives made perfect
sense to me. However, as the complexity of the business environment
increases, numbers and charts have less certainty of accuracy. Numbers and
charts are always wanted to establish a common understanding of the context
in as precise a manner as possible. However, in many situations, business
executives understand the data and ask about the "last" consideration.
So what is their last consideration? They ask, "What do you think?"
Dr. Judy
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Complementary?
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Qualitative and quantitative research are complementary. Here are some
ideas that indicate a comparison between qualitative and quantitative. Mixed
methods is a combination of the two.
Quantitative research condenses data, reduces the number of variables, and

comes from precise measurements, whereas qualitative research enhances
data, addresses themes and generalizations, and comes from documents and
transcripts.
Quantitative and qualitative research overlap, but the most striking difference
appears in data analysis. Quantitative analysis occurs by using statistics and
qualitative analysis extracts themes and generalizations and organizes the
data into a coherent and understandable presentation.
Dr. Judy
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Differences in Approaches– Interpretive or Descriptive?

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Interpretive Qualitative Research:
•Socially constructed world view, researcher experience is inseparable from
research
•Phenomenology
•Grounded Theory
•Ethnography
•Some case studies
•Fundamental to the research is the interpretive process of the researcher and
the inductive process of finding meaning in the data.
Exploratory qualitative inquiry (Kostere & Percy, 2006)
Also called Descriptive Qualitative Research (Sandelowski, 2010)

•Data is qualitative
•Data is coded, categorized, analyzed, themes developed
•Limited interpretation in comparison to studies with social constructivist
paradigm
•Examples: Case Studies, some mixed methods research, some exploratory
research
As described by Reiter and Chenail (2017)

•“Is basic, naturalistic, discovery-oriented descriptive research
•Offers a comprehensive summary of an event in the everyday terms of event
insiders
•Stays closer to the data and to the surface of words and events than
researchers conducting explanatory studies
•Is less interpretive and transformative of the data than designer approaches
such as phenomenology or grounded theory
•Consists of “eclectic design” consisting of usual sampling strategies (e.g.,
purposeful and saturation), data collection (e.g., open-ended interviews), data
analysis (e.g., categorization), and re-presentational techniques (e.g.,
categories with exemplary quotes; Sandelowski, 2010)”
What skills do you need for qual study?
1.Methodology- in-depth
•Multiple approaches in chosen methodology
•How methodology actually used in research
2.Data Collection
•Observation
•Interviewing
•Interview protocol development
•Interviewing skills
•Document analysis
•Finding participants
•Recording interviews
•LiveScribe recording pens
•Transcribing data
3.Data Coding
•Manual, or
•Software- Nvivo, AtlasTI, www.hyperresearch.com, etc ?
4. Data Analysis
•Development of Themes
•Researcher as instrument
•Identifying potential personal bias
•Bracketing (Epoche)-- researchers try to not to allow their assumptions to
influence the data collection and analysis process
•Best practices?
5. Writing up research
•Describing sample group
•Use of direct quotations (see Doc Study rubric)
•Use of first person– when? Where?
•Additional chapters for data analysis
Dr. Judy
Make Sense?
When choosing a method, we are supposed to use the problem statement to

determine the methodology. An analogy might be finding a garage (the
methodology) for a car, tractor, or a truck (the problem). If we choose the
garage before we know what we are storing, the garage may not be
appropriate.
However, for first-time researchers, we sometimes pick the garage (the

methodology) and continue to search for a vehicle (the problem) until the
problem fits the methodology. This searching is what causes many first-time
researchers to thrash about. If the problem does not immediately align with
the chosen methodology, we are "confused."
Dr. Judy
1 year ago
Anonymous
Discussion - Week 4
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Discussion: Dealing With Difficult Participants
Interviews are the primary data collection method for qualitative research. During your
interview(s) you may encounter participants who are difficult. Interviewees may provide
monosyllabic (e.g., yes/no) responses. Perhaps the participants provide excessively long
answers, not addressing the question, or, perhaps participants start interviewing you.
How will you deal with these challenges? Independent scholars must be well prepared to
deal with issues associated with gaining access to and dealing with difficult participants.
To prepare for this Discussion, consider the following scenario:

You are a researcher conducting a qualitative research study and have scheduled a series
of interviews. As you begin to conduct your interviews, you encounter a number of
problems: Particiant A does not expand on his or her responses, providing mostly one-
word answers, and refuses outright to answer some questions. Participant B continually
goes off topic, sharing personal anecdotes, and takes up interview time with unrelated
information. Finally, Participant C has been difficult to schedule and attempts to withdraw
his or her contribution to the process after showing initial interest. Consider strategies
you might employ to address these challenges and any potential insights you may gain
toward your growth as an independent scholar.
By Day 3
Post a strategic approach for addressing participant difficulty in qualitative interviews. In
your strategic approach, do the following:
 Identify two or more strategies for addressing difficult participants
within the interview process.
 Assess the effectiveness of your identified strategies based on
scholarly research. Be sure to provide scholarly examples to support
your assessment.

By Day 5
ways:
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for Qualitative Research
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participant enthusiasm
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KeepKeep Calm and Interview On
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Case Study Research

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Coding in a Qual study

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Qual Research methods

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Identifying Themes
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using Excel
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INTERVIEW TRANSCIBE TEMPLATE
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RE: INTERVIEW TRANSCIBE TEMPLATE

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Pros and Cons of New Online Qualitative Research Tools

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Check out these sites for some good qual info:
http://www.surveygizmo.com/survey-blog/online-qualitative-research-tools/
http://www.orau.gov/cdcynergy/soc2web/Content/activeinformation/tools/toolscontent/qu
alitativemethods.htm
This is the type of information and comparison that would go in the Limitations section of
your study.
Dr. J
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Choosing qualitative software

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This website provides some good information about qualitative study software selection and
options. Hope this is useful.
http://www.esourceresearch.org/eSourceBook/SoftwareandQualitativeAnalysis/10ChoosingQ
DASoftware/tabid/566/Default.aspx
(APA formatting of citations is not updated per APA 6th ed. on this website)
Dr. Judy
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More helpful qual resources

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Here are a few additional resources that might also be helpful:
This link includes some examples of how codes can be determined and then applied during
the analysis of text.
Taylor-Powell, E. & Renner, M. (2003). Analyzing qualitative data. University of

Wisconsin Extension. Retrieved from http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/g3658-
12.pdf
This publication includes how to categorize and index data for coding.
Gibbs, G.R., & Taylor, C. (2010). How and what to code. Retrieved
from http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/Intro_QDA/how_what_to_code.php
These videos also explain it very well – Gibbs, G. (2010). Online QDA. University of
Huddersfeld. http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/movies/Coding/index.php#whatscodingfor
~ Dr. J
1 year ago
Anonymous
Discussion - Week 5
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Discussion: Data Analysis Processes
Once you finish reading all the transcripts for qualitative interviews, it is understandable
that you may feel overwhelmed. Phenomenological interviews will often yield
significantly more data than the case study interview; however, now you will start to
make sense of all that data you collected. Unfortunately, novice researchers usually get
to this stage with two main issues: first they think everything is important, and second,
they will be afraid to choose any one thing on which to focus. The best way to navigate
these two dilemmas is to remember that your interpretation of the data will be only one
of several “right” ways in which the data can be interpreted.
To prepare for this Discussion, review Section 2.14, “Data Analysis (Qualitative Only)”
of the DBA Doctoral Study Rubric and Handbook and consider what data analysis process
(modified Van Kaam, Van Maanen, thematic analysis, etc.) is most applicable to the
research design described in your DBA Prospectus created in a previous course.
By Day 3
Post an explanation for your choice of data analysis technique for doctoral qualitative
research. In your explanation, do the following:
 Briefly describe the business problem identified for your DBA Doctoral
Prospectus.
 Explain which data analysis process is most appropriate to your DBA
Doctoral Study, providing a rationale for your choice using supportive
scholarly examples.

By Day 5
ways:
 Compare your choice of data analysis technique with that of your
colleague, including any insights gained from this comparison.
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Welcome to Week 5 – Qualitative Data Analysis Process

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For Qualitative Researchers

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For Quantitative Researchers

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Methodology Research
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Descriptive Questions and Hypotheses

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How and what to code

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A Research Perspective
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More for Qualitative Researchers

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More for Quantitative Researchers

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Key QUANTitative Data

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Pilot Study
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Remember, if you create your own questions for a quantitative survey, you will
have to perform a pilot study to develop reliability and validity statistics, unless you
are using a previously used survey. You might consider a pilot study for
a qualitative method, but you will be able to address any confusing questions
during your interviews.
I performed a pilot study for my quantitative research and I explained the process I
used in my dissertation. A pilot study allows researchers to conduct a
preliminary analysis before committing to a full-blown study.
Questions for a pilot study would include: Were any questions
confusing? Did you find any questions offensive? How long did it
take to complete the survey? etc. Research how other researchers
performed pilot studies in ProQuest. A pilot study will validate your
survey if you do not have prior validity and reliability statistics.
Read more: http://www.experiment-resources.com/pilot-

study.html#ixzz1lNdFxWHh
Yin (2009) also discussed the implementation of a pilot study. Also see below:
Why do a pilot study?
http://www.experiment-resources.com/pilot-study.html
van Teijlingen, E. & Hundley, V. (2010)The importance of pilot studies. Social

Research Update, 35 (1), 1-3.http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU35.html
-- active links left in the reference for your benefit

Dr. Judy
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Aileen Webb
RE: Pilot Study
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Dr. Blando,
Thanks for the information on pilot study. I am sure conducting a pilot study
will help in the way I conduct my final interview (questions) for my dissertation. I
believe a pilot study will help me identify strengths and weaknesses in the interview
process beyond my dissertation. Besides the sources you recommended I will
definitely explore other sources to gain additional knowledge on pilot study.
Thanking You
Aileen
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RE: Pilot Study

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you're welcome,
when you have any questions or need examples, be sure to read current completed doc
studies in the Walden library and dissertations in ProQuest.
Dr. Judy
1 year ago
Anonymous
Discussion - Week 6
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Discussion: Yin and Stake Case Study Philosophical Worldviews
Robert Yin and Robert Stake are two major voices in the field of qualitative research, but
they also have differing philosophical orientations. Yin’s work, with its post-positivist
perspective, has been most commonly represented, with Stake’s constructivist approach
less so. Many of the design decisions you make will be determined by the philosophical
orientation—post-positivist or constructivist—you employ for your Doctoral Study. See if
your philosophical orientation is more aligned with Yin or Stake, or perhaps a combination
of both.
To prepare for this Discussion, review this week’s Required Readings that include the
different perspectives of Yin and Stake and consider which one is most appropriate to
your work as an independent scholar and doctoral researcher.
By Day 3
Post an assessment of the alignment between professional and academic worldviews
within your doctoral research. In your assessment, do the following:
 Describe whether your perspective as a qualitative doctoral researcher
more closely aligns with either Yin or Stake’s worldview. Be sure to
include illustrative examples of this alignment.
 Explain your rationale for your choice, including providing at least one
scholarly resource to support your rationale.
By Day 5
ways:
 Compare your choice and rationale with that of your colleagues,
including any insights gained from your comparison.
REPLY QUOTE
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Discussion: Yin and Stake Case Study Philosophical
Worldviews
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Olasubomi Ogunmokun
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Hello Aileen,
It is nice to see another scholar that has the same align view with Yin. My case study
aligns more with Yin's post-positivist perspective view point. I use the design that allows
maximum instrumentality that will help me answer my research question (Yazan, 2015,
p.140).
Reference
Yazan, B. (2015). Three approached to case study methods in education: Yin, Merriam,
Stake. The Qualitative Report, 20(2), 134-152/ Retrieved from
http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol120/iss2/12/
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Data Saturation
C OLL AP SE
Data saturation must be achieved in qualitative studies. Data Saturation means that
interviews continue until the same answers keep appearing with very little or no
variation. To achieve data saturation, a researcher control the scope and size of the
study by using a qualitative case study rather than a qualitative descriptive or
qualitative phenomenology design. One can synthesize the following points about
data saturation.
• There is no additional information to obtain
• No further coding is feasible

• No new themes emerge
• Ability to replicate the study and get the same results
In Section 1 of a qualitative study, the researcher should indicate that he or she will
interview a minimum of XX participants or more if needed for data saturation. Then
provide the plan for how data saturation will be/was reached. For example, I will
interview 10 individuals and if data saturation is not achieved by that time, the
interviews will continue until saturation is achieved.
In Section 2 the researcher should go into more depth about how they will examine
the data and what indications of saturation they will be looking for (i.e. redundancy in
data).
In Section 3 of the completed study the researcher must explain in detail what
evidence there was that saturation was achieved; data saturation meant that no new
information was received after XXX interview.
For more information read:
Data Saturation and Data Collection Sources
Abowitz, D. A., & Toole, T. M. (2010). Mixed methods research: Fundamental

issues of design, validity, and reliability in construction research. Journal
of Construction Engineering & Management, 136(1), 108-116.
doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000026
Anderson, C. (2010). Presenting and evaluating qualitative research. American

Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(8), 4-7. Retrieved from
http://www.ajpe.org/
Anyan, F. (2013). The influence of power shifts in data collection and analysis
stages: A focus on qualitative research interview. The Qualitative Report,
18(18), 1-9. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/sss/QR/index.html
Barratt, M., Choi, T. Y., & Li, M. (2011). Qualitative case studies in operations
management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research
implications. Journal of Operations Management, 29, 329-342.
doi:10.1016/j.jom.2010.06.002
Bernard, R. H. (2017). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and

quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Bowen, G. A. (2008). Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: A research
note. Qualitative Research, 8(1), 137-
152. doi:10.1177/1468794107085301
Brod, M., Tesler, L. E., & Christiansen, T. L. (2009). Qualitative research and
content validity: Developing best practices based on science and
experience. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1263-1278.
doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9540-9
Carlsen, B., & Glenton, C. (2011). What about N? A methodological study of

sample size reporting in focus group studies. BMC Medical Research
Methodology, 11(1), 26-35. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-26
Chikweche, T., & Fletcher, R. (2012). Undertaking research at the bottom of the
pyramid using qualitative methods. Qualitative Market Research: An
International Journal, 15(3), 242-267. doi:10.1108/13522751211231978
Coast, J., & Horrocks, S. (2010). Developing attributes and levels for discrete
choice experiments using qualitative methods. Journal of Health Services
Research and Policy, 12(1), 25-30. doi:10.346457934563454
Coenen, M., Stamm, T. A., Stucki, G., & Cieza, A. (2012). Individual interviews
and focus groups in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of
two qualitative methods. Quality Life Research, 21(2), 359-370.
doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9943-2
Covell, C. L., Sidani, S., & Ritchie, J. A. (2012). Does the sequence of data
collection influence participants’ responses to closed and open-ended
questions? A methodological study. International Journal of Nursing
Studies, 49(6), 664-671. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.12.002
Crow, G., Wiles, R., Heath, S., & Charles, V. (2006). Research ethics and data
quality: The implications of informed consent.International Journal of
Social Research Methodology, 9(2), 83-95.
doi:10.1080/13645570600595231
Dennis, B. (2010, June). Ethical dilemmas in the field: The complex nature of
doing education ethnography. Ethnography and Education, 5(2), 123-
127. doi:10.1080/17457823.2010.493391
Denzin, N. K. (2017). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological

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Emmanuel Salako
C OLL AP SE
Doctoral research study business problem

Digicel Jamaica (Caribbean Telecommunication giant) adopted the right strategy to
implement Data management (analytics) to gain more market share of voice subscribers,
increased customer engagement by 145%, and improved customer retention which translated
to reduction in churn rate Socailbakers (2017). Digicel Jamaica’s performance was
surprisingly against the slow subscriber growth, fierce competition in a fully-saturated
Caribbean Telecom market BMI(2017). McGee (2017) affirmed that implementation of the
right strategy for Data management like Big Data Analytics in a Telecommunication
company leads to customer profitability, customer satisfaction among others. The general
business problem is that the absence of Data management strategies affects the profitability of
telecommunication companies in Caribbean nations. The specific business problem is that
some IT managers in the Caribbean telecommunication companies do not have strategies for
implementing Data management systems
The purpose of my qualitative case study is to explore strategies IT managers use to
implement data management system with the aim of maximizing organizational profit and
efficiencies. The sample size will be 10 participants drawn from experienced IT managers of
major Telecommunication organizations operating in the Caribbean nations. The geographical
location of the study will be within Jamaica where these IT managers will be interviewed.
The study aims to help IT managers in telecommunication companies in the Caribbean
nations to understand strategies for the implementation of data management systems.
The significance of this study will help IT managers and CEOs to profitably and
efficiently run Telecommunication organization in the Caribbean nations through the
implementation of right strategies. Right strategies will make IT managers and CIOs to make
well-informed decisions in order to increase ARPU, Subscriber base, market share, Revenue,
and Quality of service, and customer satisfaction. Strategies for implementation of
information management system will allow organizational data to be well harnessed as
valuable organizational asset for competitive advantage.
The implications for positive social change is that this study will help to improve the
landscape of mobile phone users and adoption in Caribbean nations which is a good index in
attracting foreign investment to Telecommunication market. Profitable Telecommunication
organizations will translate to huge social economic benefits for the Caribbean nations in
terms of employments and CSR projects. Much more, this study will contribute to the body
of knowledge for the Open Data initiatives of Caribbean nations which will aid further
research, education, commerce, economic planning, and development.
References
FitchGroup Company Business Monitor International Research
(BMI). Country
Industry Reports, London, (2017). Caribbean
Telecommunications Report - Q2 2017. Retrieved
from https://search-proquest-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/1889863445?
accountid=14872
McGee, Mary Jane Christy (2017). Information Technology Management
Strategies to
Implement Knowledge Management Systems
Socialbakers (2017). Retrieved Jan 26, 2018,
from https://www.socialbakers.com/social-media-content/client-stories/digicel/
1 year ago
Anonymous
Discussion - Week 7
C OLL AP SE
Discussion: Your Doctoral Research Problem and Social Change
As a Walden independent scholar pursuing a doctorate, one essential element you are
required to explain is how the whole undertaking contributes to positive social change.
The definition of social change often eludes us, however. What does social change mean
exactly? While that term may mean slightly different things to different people, it does
contain within it the idea of having a positive impact on the world around you.
According to Walden dissertation editor Lydia Lunning, “You may feel overwhelmed by
being asked to explain how what you’ve been doing at your desk, alone in the library, or
on your computer in your precious free moments could amount to something that could
change the course of other people’s lives—but that is exactly what you are meant to do.”
The idea of solving a “world problem” can seem like an insurmountable task, but
remember that effecting positive social change in the world around you can start locally,
within your own workplace, community, or social network.
To prepare for this Discussion, consider your goals as a DBA independent scholar at
Walden University in light of its mission of positive social change. Also, thinking about the
literature that you have reviewed—and the literature reviews you have completed
previously—you can determine a clear statement of the problem you have identified for
your doctoral study research.
By Day 3
Post an analysis of the significance of your doctoral research problem for promoting
positive social change. Your analysis should include the following:
 A description of your doctoral research study business problem
 An explanation of the significance of the business problem using
scholarly literature for support
 An application of the significance to promoting positive social change
within both the field of research and the industry of the specific
business problem

By Day 5
ways:
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Aretha Day
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Aileen Webb
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Steven Dewey
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Veda Allen BARNES

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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework tutorial

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Anyone? - Boolean
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Jessica Graham
RE: Anyone? - Boolean
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Adding Topics for Class

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DQ - Questions to the Class

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Jessica Graham
RE: DQ - Questions to the Class
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3 days ago
Literature Review Section

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Peter Ovwiovwio
RE: Literature Review Section
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Peter Ovwiovwio
DAY 1 at Atlanta Residency
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Peter Ovwiovwio
RE: DAY 1 at Atlanta Residency
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Aileen Webb
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DQ - Pilot Study
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Oral defense
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What is Coming for You

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Another Tip
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In general, websites, dictionaries, encyclopedias, wikipedias, and trade magazines are not
considered scholarly sources. Only scholarly sources are allowed for your references section
in your doctoral study.
Sometimes, a website is considered scholarly. Please suggest to your colleagues a technique

for knowing if a website is scholarly or not.
Dr. Judy
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Peter Ovwiovwio
RE: Another Tip
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I often times visit Harvard business review website, and I think this and other sites similar to the BBR
websites could be considered scholarly. For instance, HBR would have articles written and posted on the sites
and these articles are not yet published. I would accept these types of articles by considering the background,
qualification and general expertise of the author or authors. In my view, this is how a consider a site as well as
attendant articles scholarly.
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23 hours ago

Peter Ovwiovwio
Residency Day 2 & 3
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It has been an eye-opening experience for me out here. I want to share a few tips
for getting the best out of any residency you may attend in the future. Just as Dr. J
advised, "learn a lot" she said to me, I was ready to learn a lot. Tip number one: (a)
be prepared to learn, come armed with questions regarding your final project, (b)
be flexible, as you would have reasons to change position a few times. You will
realize there is a gap in understanding, and truly, residency is put together to to
bridge that gap in knowlede. For instance, don't be rigid with your selected topic,
problem statement and framework. The faculty here will tear it about, and that is
good if you're ready to progress, (c) talk to other students in your field. Brainstorm,
brainstorm and brainstorm about your ideas. You'll be amazed how other student
experience can help put your own project in perspective. (d) attend all the seminars
that are relevant to your project and be sure to download the power point slides
used by the presenter, if it is available. If it is not available, please ask the presenter
for it. You will need these later when you try to put your "lessons learned" paper
together after residency.
I don't want to run the risk of inundating you with too many information, but
may I say, if you are attending residency here in Atlanta in the future, please get to
class on time, always! Here is why: the Walden Internet server is weak. Once the
server is overly populated by users, it slows down or just would not access the
web. Those who came to class late were almost always unable to get Internet
access. Further, while in Atlanta have fun if you can in the evenings. There is a lot
to do even on Peachtree street(Residency venue) alone. Get some nice food, try
something new while here, it will refresh you.
In this residency I have learned a great detail about problem statement writing,
and the true and efficient step-by-step approach to completing the DBA research
study. Residency, if wisely applied, will horn your writing skills and correct a lot of
information you thought you had before the residency experience. Access to
knowledgeable faculty is a goldmine, please use it.
Good luck!

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1 year ago

Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

RE: Discussion -APA

Veda Allen BARNES

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

This week’s focus – Qualitative method

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Welcome to DDBA-8303 Qualitative Case Study Method

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Walden published studies

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Qualitative Research Thoughts

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The Quantitative/Qualitative debate

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Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Veda Allen BARNES

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

RE: DBA Residency?

Access the profile card for user: Peter Ovwiovwio

Access the profile card for user: Peter Ovwiovwio

Veda Allen BARNES

Veda Allen BARNES

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

RE: Phenomenological studies

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

RE: Phenomenological studies

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reliability and validity sections

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How Much Freedom Exists?

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Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Veda Allen BARNES

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Access the profile card for user: Peter Ovwiovwio

Access the profile card for user: Peter Ovwiovwio

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Qualitative Research Analysis

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Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Consider this thought . . .

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Qualitative researchers perform exploratory research to understand what

Similarities and differences exist between quantitative and qualitative research

In qualitative research, researchers are not interested in quantifying or validating

REPLY QUOTE EMAIL AUTHOR

Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Central Question for Qualitative Studies

Charmaz, K. (2013). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through

Creswell, J. (2014). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating

Krippendorff, K. (2012). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology.

Neuman, W. L. (2009). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative

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Judith Blando WALDEN INSTRUCTOR MANAGER

Qualitative Requires Interpretation

Interpretation, synthesis, and evaluation are needed skills of a qualitative researcher.

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