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Well Bore
Gas Cap
Oil Zone
The channeling behind the casing and gas coning problems can be identified based on production
logging analyses such as temperature and noise logs. An example is depicted in Figure 15-12
where both logs indicate that gas is being produced from an upper gas sand and channeling down
to some perforations in the oil zone.
Temperature
Noise Amplitude
> 600 Hz
Gas
zone
gas
gas
oil
Oil
production
oil
zone
Figure 15-12: Temperature and noise logs identifying gas channeling behind casing
(After Economides et al., 1994)
Excessive gas production of an oil well could also be due to gas production from unexpected gas
zones. This can be identified using production logging such as temperature and density logs. An
example is presented in Figure 15-13 where both logs indicate gas production from the thief zone
B.
Temperature (ºF)
Depth
Fluid density (g/cc)
Figure 15-13: Temperature and fluid density logs identifying a gas entry zone
(After Economides et al., 1994)
High pressure
water sand
Well Bore
Low permeability
High permeability
Intermediate
permeability
Low permeability