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Chicago 17 th Edition

Unlike MLA and APA citation styles, Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) 17th edition includes source citation in three
places: in-text citations, footnotes or endnotes (or parenthetical author-date references), and a bibliography (or
references page). The bolded methods above are the preferred ones for citation—see more information below.

In-Text Citations & Notes:


• In-text citations are found within the main body of the document immediately after a quotation, paraphrase,
or summary. *See Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Handout

• Chicago employs two systems of source citation (you only use one of the two):
o in-text notes, which link to either footnotes or endnotes, with a bibliography (preferred method)
o in-text parenthetical author-date references and a corresponding references page

• Notes:
o Footnotes appear at the foot of the page while endnotes appear at the end of the paper but before
the bibliography page. To help you decide between footnotes or endnotes, visit
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part3/ch14/psec044.html and
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part3/ch14/psec045.html.
o To insert notes, click the end of the sentence where you’ve included research after the period. Insert
footnote or endnote using the “Insert” function on Word.
o In the first footnote or endnote, include the full citation.
§ Format (for book): 1. Author first name last name, Book Title (city of publication: publisher,
year), page.
§ Example: 1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.

§ Format (for journal article): 2. Author first name last name, “Article Title,” Journal Name
Volume Number, Issue Number (month year): page number.
§ Example: 2. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum,” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April
2016): 170.

o After giving complete information the first time you cite a work, shorten additional references. The
use of “ibid.” is now discouraged in favor of shortened citations according to chapter 14 of
the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.
§ Format (for book): 3. Author last name, Book Title, page number.
§ Example: 3. Smith, Swing Time, 320.

§ Format (for journal article): 4. Author last name, “Article Title,” page number(s).
§ Example: 4. Satterfield, “Livy,” 172–73.

• Parenthetical author-date references:


o Format: Contributors’ last names year of publication, page number (if applicable)—all in
parenthesis and with only a comma before the page number
o Example: (Clements et al. 2017, 14) or Clements et al. (2017) state that… (14).
Bibliography (or References) Page:
• Alphabetize sources by the first word in each citation (usually the authors’ last names).
• Double space the page like the rest of the paper, and utilize hanging indents with each citation.
• Center the title “Bibliography” (or “References”) on a separate page at the end of a paper; do not special
format the title (e.g., italicize, bold, underline, etc.).

Examples:

Book: Publisher,
Book title.

Smith, Zadie. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press, 2016.

Author last City of year.


name, first publication:
name.

Website:

Student access date—


Website
only include if there is
Author. “Article title.” no posted date

Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2018. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

URL.

Article in an Online Journal:

Author last name, first


“Article Title.”
name. Issue Number page range.

Satterfield, Susan. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology , 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 165-76.

Journal Name, Volume (month year):


Number,

*Adapted from The Purdue Owl and the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition

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