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Ê Population growth and the associated factors like urbanization and industrialization
produce a huge negative impact on the environment such as climate changes, air
pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil erosion, loss of habitat and more
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ms a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time
that range from decades to millions of years.
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is the management of waste to prevent harm to the environment, injury or
long progressive damage to health.
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is the introduction of chemicals,particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural
environment into the atmosphere.
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unwanted or offensive sounds that unreasonably intrude into our daily
activities.
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flood magnitude depends on precipitation intensity, volume,
timing and phase.
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The amount of water being drawn out through wells becomes
greater than the amount of water that seeps into them, the water table will lower, causing
many wells and springs to flow less, and, in some cases, dry up.
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Habitat loss is caused by natural disaster and human destruction. Human
destruction is when human decide to build houses and buildings or clear and to build.
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^Ê The process by which an atmosphere warms a planet naturally is called the natural
greenhouse effect. uhen the sun's energy enters Earth's atmosphere, a substantial
amount of radiation is reflected back from the surface. Much of this radiation cannot
escape the atmosphere because of various gases in the atmosphere, such as water
vapor and carbon dioxide.
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iv.Ê Deforestation
^Ê mt happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth͛s
atmosphere, which increases the temperature.
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i.Ê aising temperatures - raise sea levels as well, reducing supplies of fresh water
iv.Ê Malaria
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Ê ms a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, i.e. elevated levels
of hydrogen ions (low pH.
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Ê ?cid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.
Ê mt can also be caused naturally by the splitting of nitrogen compounds by the energy
produced by lightning strikes, o r the release of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
by volcano eruptions.
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Ê aemoving useful nutrients from the soil, acid rain slows the growth of plants.
Ê ?ttacks trees directly by eating holes in the waxy coating of leaves and needles,
causing brown dead spots. mf many such spots form, a tree loses some of its ability to
make food through photosynthesis.
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Ê mn soil, acid rain dissolves and washes away nutrients needed by plants and dissolve
toxic substances, such as aluminium and mercury.
Ê The acidic compounds in the rainfall or melting snow change the chemistry of soil
and stripping of the vegetation and ultimately, fewer habitats to support the
ecosystem
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Ê Most farm crops are less affected by acid rain than are forests.
Ê Mountain farms are more at risk where the thin soils in these higher elevations
cannot neutralize so much acid.
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Ê ?cid rain falls into and drains into streams, lakes and sea. The acidic water will
disturb ecology under water such as coral and fish.
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Ê pand animals dependent on aquatic organisms are also affected. Ocientists have
found that populations of animal living in or near water polluted by acid rain ar e
declining in some regions.
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Ê ?cid rain and the dry deposition of acidic particles damage buildings, statues,
automobiles, and other structures made of stone, metal, or any other material
exposed to weather for long periods.
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Ê The acidification of surface waters causes little direct harm to people. Toxic
substances leached from soil can pollute local water supplies.
Ê The most serious side effect is respiratory problems, including asthma and dry
cough. ther health problem s include headache, eye, nose and throat irritation.
Ê Toxic particles of mercury and aluminium find their way into fruits, vegetables and
grasses. nce eaten by animals, these toxic particles are retained in their organs, and
although this poses no threat to the animal, it does pose a threat to humans who
consume them.
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^Ê The density of the cloud in relation to the air is an important factor. ?part from
the intrinsic density under normal temperature and pressure condition, the
following such as density at emisson temperature, emisson temperature and
possibility of moist formation also need to be considered
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^Ê The gas released into the atmosphere may react as follows. or example
oligomerization (H, hydration (O , hydrolysis (U
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^Ê The source term is characterized in particular by; mass flow, dimension of the
source, height of the source above ground and temperature
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Ê Oource 2haracteristic
Ê Downwind distance
Ê uind speed and direction
Ê Otability
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ther volatile organic Paints, solvents, wood Eye, nose, and throat irritation,
compounds preservatives, aerosol sprays, headaches, loss of coordination;
cleaners and disinfectants, nausea, damage to kidney and
moth repellents, air fresheners, central nervous system. Oome cause
hobby supplies, and dry cancer in animals. Oome may cause
cleaned clothes cancer in humans.
Pesticides Garden and lawn chemicals, Eye, nose, and throat irritation,
poisons for pest control damage to central nervous system
and kidney, cancer
y-products of Unvented kerosene and gas Eye, nose, and throat irritation,
combustion (such as heaters, wood- and gas-burning impaired lung function and
2 ,2 ,N x fireplaces, leaking chimneys respiratory function in children,
and furnaces, tobacco smoke. bronchitis, lung cancer, flu-like
symptoms
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i.Ê Precipitation
ii.Ê ceans
iii.Ê aivers
iv.Ê pakes
v.Ê Groundwater
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Ê iodiversity is an umbrella term that includes not only world total genetic and
species diversity of animals, plants and microorganisms but also the total
diversity of the world͛s ecosystem.
Ê The most straightforward definition is "variation of life at all levels of biological
organization". ? second definition holds that biodiversity is a measure of the
relative diversity among organisms present in different ecosystems\
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^Ê uetland are areas of marsh, fen peat land or water, whether natural or artificial,
permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, freshwater, brackish or
salt, including area or marine water the depth of which a low tide does not exceed
meters.
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