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Nanyang Technological University Library

M6801

NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2012-2013

M6801- ADVANCED THERMAL ENGINEERING

April/May 2013 Time Allowed: 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions and comprises FOUR (4) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Marks for each question are as indicated.

4. This is an OPEN-BOOK examination.

1. The temperature field has been established in a rectangular plate by the thermal
arrangement shown in Figure 1. Two sides (y = 0 and x =a) of the plate are kept at a
constant temperature To while the left side (x = 0) of the plate is thermally insulated.
The temperature at the upper boundary (y =b) of the plate is T 0(1+xla). The thermal
conductivity ofthe plate is K.

(a) Write the governing equation for the temperature within the plate in terms of the
excess temperature 8 = T- To, together with the proper boundary conditions.
(5 marks)

(b) Find the temperature distribution in the plate.

(10 marks)

(c) Find the total heat flow rate at the side y =b.
(5 marks)

y
To(l+x/a)
b
Thermal
insulation --7 To

X
0 To a

Figure 1

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M6801

2. A metal slab is shown in Figure 2, together with its dimensions. The slab has the
following properties: heat conductivity 45 W/(mK), thermal diffusivity 20 x 10-6m2/s,
density 7800 kg/m3 and specific heat 430J/(kgK). The metal slab is initially heated in
a furnace at 500 °C. It is then taken out from the furnace and quenched into a bath of
oil at 25 °C. The heat transfer coefficient between the slab surface and oil is 675
W/(m2K).

(a) Using the convective thermal analysis model, calculate the temperature at the
slab centre point A (indicated in Figure 2) after 90 seconds in the oil bath.
(10 marks)

(b) Using the lumped thermal model, re-calculate the temperature at the slab centre
point A (indicated in Figure 2) after 90 seconds in the oil bath.
(5 marks)

(c) Compare and comment on the results obtained from parts 2(a) and 2(b) above.
(5 marks)

The metal slab

0.04m
Figure 2

3. For a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer over a flat plate, the velocity profile is

~=
u.
2 -2(y)3 +(y)4
y
J J J
and the continuity equation is
au+ av = 0.
ax ay
(a) Using the von Karman profile method to solve the integral momentum equation,
determine the skin friction coefficient.
(10 marks)
Note: Question 3 continues on page 3.

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M6801

(b) Derive an expression for they component velocity v as a function of x andy by

using the continuity equation.
(5 marks)

(c) Calculate the vertical velocity v at the outer edge of the boundary layer (y = 8) at
the location x = 20 em. The free stream velocity of the fluid is 25 m/s. The
density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid may be taken as 1.20 kg/m3 and
2.0x 1o- 5 N·s/m 2 , respectively.
(5 marks)

4. A steady-state incompressible laminar fluid flows through two infinite parallel plates
with a distance 2b as shown in Figure 4.

(a) Using the non-slip boundary conditions, derive the skin friction coefficient from
the fully developed Navier-Stokes equation in Eq. 4.1, in which u is the velocity
in the x-axis and J.1 is the dynamic viscosity.
(10 marks)

(b) Plate 1 is heated at a constant heat flux, q but Plate 2 is an adiabatic wall. When
the flow is under thermally fully-developed conditions, the plates have a wall
temperature gradient. Tw 1 is the temperature at Plate 1 and Tw 2 is the
temperature at Plate 2. If the heat input from the heating wall equals the internal
energy change of the fluid, determine an expression for the Nusselt number, Nu.
a 8 2 T(y,x) 8T(y,x) dTw . dTrn
(Hint: u ay 2 = ax - dx = dx , where a is the thermal diffusivity)

(10 marks)
Tw2 Plate 2

y
~ Uave
~·
b
~ !!mm.___________
~- -------------
X I
7
w b

Plate 1

Figure 4

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M6801

5 (a) Cold fluid at an inlet temperature T; flows through a channel between two parallel
plates. The two plates are kept at a uniform distanceD apart. The top plate is kept at
a constant temperature T. above the inlet temperature. The bottom plate is perfectly
insulated.

(i) Assuming fully developed conditions, show that the energy equation needed to
solve for the steady-state temperature profile in the channel can be written as
follows (with the usual notation for the symbols):

hD
, and Nun=-
k

The origin of the coordinates (x,y) is measured from the bottom plate at the
inlet with x as the distance along the plate and y as the vertical distance from
the bottom plate.
(10 marks)

(ii) What are the boundary conditions needed to solve the above differential
equation?

(Note: You are not expected to solve the differential equation.)

(2 marks)

(b) Consider free convection over a vertical plate with the surface temperature of the
plate colder than the ambient temperature.

(i) Sketch the velocity and thermal profiles across the velocity and thermal
boundary layers.
(2 marks)

(ii) Assuming an approximate cubic polynomial for the velocity profile, determine
the expression for the maximum velocity in the velocity boundary layer. Where
is the location of the maximum velocity measured from the vertical plate?
(6 marks)

End of Paper

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