Introduction to Human Nutrition

Subject : Introduction to Human Nutrition

A Global Perspective on Food and Nutrition
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)

Body Composition
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
 composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)

Energy Metabolism
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
 37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)

Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)

Digestion and Metabolism of Carbohydrates

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
 66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)

Nutrition and Metabolism of Lipids

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
 Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
 75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
 serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)

Dietary Reference Standards

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
 techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
 79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
 polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)

The Vitamins
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
 Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)

Minerals and Trace Elements

 1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
 structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)

Measuring Food Intake

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
 3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
 (click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
 93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)

Food Composition
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
 composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
 81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)
254. Food Composition - Answer (click here)
255. Foods - Food Composition - Answer (click here)
256. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy - Answer (click here)
257. Information required on sources of data in tables - Answer (click here)
258. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables - Answer (click
here)
259. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation -
Answer (click here)
260. Bioavailability and glycemic index - Answer (click here)
261. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database - Answer (click here)
262. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to
retrieve data - Answer (click here)
263. Converting foods to nutrients - Answer (click here)

Food and Nutrition

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
 3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
 (click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
 93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)
254. Food Composition - Answer (click here)
255. Foods - Food Composition - Answer (click here)
256. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy - Answer (click here)
257. Information required on sources of data in tables - Answer (click here)
258. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables - Answer (click
here)
259. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation -
Answer (click here)
260. Bioavailability and glycemic index - Answer (click here)
261. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database - Answer (click here)
262. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to
retrieve data - Answer (click here)
263. Converting foods to nutrients - Answer (click here)
264. Reference points in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
265. Exploration of dietary patterns - Answer (click here)
266. Options to change food and nutrient intakes - Answer (click here)
267. Global players in food and nutrition regulation - Answer (click here)
268. FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius - Answer (click here)
269. WTO: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to
trade - Answer (click here)
270. European Food Safety Authority - Answer (click here)
271. EU nutrition and public health - Answer (click here)

Nutrition Research Methodology

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
 8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
 Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
 density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
 Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
 here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)
254. Food Composition - Answer (click here)
255. Foods - Food Composition - Answer (click here)
256. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy - Answer (click here)
257. Information required on sources of data in tables - Answer (click here)
258. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables - Answer (click
here)
259. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation -
Answer (click here)
260. Bioavailability and glycemic index - Answer (click here)
261. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database - Answer (click here)
262. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to
retrieve data - Answer (click here)
263. Converting foods to nutrients - Answer (click here)
264. Reference points in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
265. Exploration of dietary patterns - Answer (click here)
266. Options to change food and nutrient intakes - Answer (click here)
267. Global players in food and nutrition regulation - Answer (click here)
268. FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius - Answer (click here)
269. WTO: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to
trade - Answer (click here)
270. European Food Safety Authority - Answer (click here)
271. EU nutrition and public health - Answer (click here)
272. Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
273. Statistical analysis and experimental design - Nutrition Research
Methodology - Answer (click here)
274. In vitro studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
275. Animal models in nutrition research - Nutrition Research Methodology -
Answer (click here)
276. Human studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
277. Epidemiological designs - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer
(click here)

Food Safety
1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
 4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
 Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
 93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)
254. Food Composition - Answer (click here)
255. Foods - Food Composition - Answer (click here)
256. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy - Answer (click here)
257. Information required on sources of data in tables - Answer (click here)
258. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables - Answer (click
here)
259. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation -
Answer (click here)
260. Bioavailability and glycemic index - Answer (click here)
261. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database - Answer (click here)
262. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to
retrieve data - Answer (click here)
263. Converting foods to nutrients - Answer (click here)
264. Reference points in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
265. Exploration of dietary patterns - Answer (click here)
266. Options to change food and nutrient intakes - Answer (click here)
267. Global players in food and nutrition regulation - Answer (click here)
268. FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius - Answer (click here)
269. WTO: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to
trade - Answer (click here)
270. European Food Safety Authority - Answer (click here)
271. EU nutrition and public health - Answer (click here)
272. Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
273. Statistical analysis and experimental design - Nutrition Research
Methodology - Answer (click here)
274. In vitro studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
275. Animal models in nutrition research - Nutrition Research Methodology -
Answer (click here)
276. Human studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
277. Epidemiological designs - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer
(click here)
278. Factors contributing to food safety concerns - Answer (click here)
279. Food-borne bacteria - Answer (click here)
280. Food-borne viruses - Answer (click here)
281. Food-borne parasites - Answer (click here)
282. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and food - Answer (click here)
283. Chemicals affecting food safety - Answer (click here)
284. Food safety control programs - Answer (click here)

Food and Nutrition Related Diseases

1. Orientation to human nutrition - Answer (click here)
2. An integrated approach of Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
3. A conceptional framework for the study of nutrition - Answer (click here)
4. Relationship between nutrition and health - Answer (click here)
5. Nutrients: the basics - Answer (click here)
6. Global malnutrition - Answer (click here)
7. Relationship between nutrition science and practice - Answer (click here)
8. Nutrition milestones: the development of nutrition as a science - Answer
(click here)
9. Future challenges for nutrition research and practice - Answer (click here)
10. Body Composition - Answer (click here)
11. Five levels of body composition - Answer (click here)
12. Relationships between different levels of body composition - Answer
(click here)
13. Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
14. Direct methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
15. Indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
16. Doubly indirect methods - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
17. Carcass analysis - Direct methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
18. In vivo neutron activation analysis - Direct methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
19. Densitometry - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
20. Dilution techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
21. Total body potassium - Indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
22. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry - Indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
23. Imaging techniques - Indirect methods in Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
24. Weight/height indices - Doubly indirect methods in Body composition
techniques - Answer (click here)
25. Skinfold thickness measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
26. Anthropometric variables - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
27. Infrared interactance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click here)
28. Ultrasound measurements - Doubly indirect methods in Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
29. Bioelectrical impedance - Body composition techniques - Answer (click
here)
30. Total body electrical conductivity - Body composition techniques -
Answer (click here)
31. Creatinine excretion and N-methyl-histidine excretion - Body
composition techniques - Answer (click here)
32. Use and misuse of body composition data - Answer (click here)
33. Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
34. Components of energy balance - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
35. Energy intake - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer (click here)
36. Factors influencing food intake - Answer (click here)
37. Energy expenditure: Concept, Measurement, Historical aspects - Answer
(click here)
38. Factors that influence energy expenditure - Answer (click here)
39. Energy expenditure related to physical activity - Energy Metabolism -
Answer (click here)
40. Energy requirements - Human Nutrition: Energy Metabolism - Answer
(click here)
41. Energy balance(Human Nutrition) in various conditions - Answer (click
here)
42. Energy requirements in disease and trauma - Answer (click here)
43. Obesity: Basic metabolic principles - Answer (click here)
44. Definition of obesity - Answer (click here)
45. Etiology of obesity: excess intake or decreased physical activity - Answer
(click here)
46. Role of physical activity and energy expenditure in the development of
obesity - Answer (click here)
47. Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids - Answer (click
here)
48. A historical perspective - Nutrition and Metabolism of Proteins - Answer
(click here)
49. Structure and chemistry of amino acids - Answer (click here)
50. Classification of amino acids - Answer (click here)
51. Biology of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
52. Body protein mass - Answer (click here)
53. Turnover of proteins and amino acid metabolism: Protein synthesis,
degradation, and turnover - Answer (click here)
54. Amino acids as precursors of physiologically important nitrogen
compounds - Answer (click here)
55. Urea cycle enzymes and urea production - Answer (click here)
56. Estimation of protein and amino acid requirements - Answer (click here)
57. Nitrogen balance and definition of requirement - Answer (click here)
58. Protein requirements for various age and physiological groups - Answer
(click here)
59. Definition and determination of indispensable amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
60. Meeting protein and amino acid needs - Answer (click here)
61. Factors other than diet affecting protein and amino acid requirements -
Answer (click here)
62. Carbohydrates in foods - Answer (click here)
63. Digestive fate of dietary carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
64. Glycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
65. Metabolic utilization of carbohydrate - Answer (click here)
66. Regulation of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
67. Dietary management of blood glucose concentration - Answer (click here)
68. Nonglycemic carbohydrates - Answer (click here)
69. Physiological classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer
(click here)
70. Chemical classification of carbohydrates entering the colon - Answer (click
here)
71. Amount of carbohydrate entering the human colon - Answer (click here)
72. Resistant starch - Answer (click here)
73. Dietary fiber - Answer (click here)
74. Intakes of dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and other indigestible sugars -
Answer (click here)
75. Fermentation in the colon - Answer (click here)
76. Fate of short-chain fatty acids - Answer (click here)
77. Carbohydrates and dental caries - Answer (click here)
78. History of lipids in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
79. Terminology of dietary fats - Answer (click here)
80. Lipids as components of the diet - Answer (click here)
81. Digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary fat - Answer (click here)
82. Reception, emulsification, lipolysis, solubilization, and absorption -
Answer (click here)
 83. Solubilization of emulsified fat - Answer (click here)
84. Absorption of solubilized fat - Answer (click here)
85. Enterohepatic circulation - Answer (click here)
86. Re-esterification of triacylglycerols in the enterocyte - Answer (click here)
87. Lipoprotein assembly and secretion - Answer (click here)
88. Postprandial lipemia - Answer (click here)
89. Postprandial lipemia: relevance to atherosclerosis - Answer (click here)
90. Lipoprotein structure: a shopping bag and groceries - Answer (click here)
91. Lipoprotein transport pathways - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein
structures and metabolism - Answer (click here)
92. Metabolic determinants of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
93. Low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway - Answer (click here)
94. Reverse cholesterol transport (high-density lipoprotein pathway) - Answer
(click here)
95. Interrelationships among serum triacylglycerols and low- and high-
density lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
96. Endocrine control of lipoprotein metabolism - Answer (click here)
97. Sex hormones on lipoprotein - Answer (click here)
98. The triacylglycerol hypothesis - Circulating lipids: lipoprotein structures
and metabolism - Answer (click here)
99. Body lipid pools - Answer (click here)
100. Long-chain fatty acid metabolism - Answer (click here)
101. Nutritional regulation of long-chain fatty acid profiles and metabolism -
Answer (click here)
102. Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary fatty acids - Answer (click here)
103. Cholesterol synthesis and regulation: Cholesterol and the brain - Answer
(click here)
104. Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
105. Diet and serum cholesterol - Answer (click here)
106. Trans fatty acids - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
107. Plant sterols and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides - Effect of diet on
serum lipids and lipoproteins - Answer (click here)
108. Dietary cholesterol - Effect of diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins -
Answer (click here)
109. Fat quantity versus quality: importance of the ratio of n-6:n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids - Answer (click here)
110. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plants and fish - Answer
(click here)
111. Saturated fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - Answer
(click here)
112. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum triacylglycerols -
 Answer (click here)
113. Dietary Reference Standards - Answer (click here)
114. Terminology and conceptual approaches to setting nutrient
recommendations - Answer (click here)
115. Interpretation and uses of dietary recommendations - Answer (click here)
116. The use of reference values to assess the adequacy of the nutrient intakes
of population groups - Answer (click here)
117. Methods used to determine requirements and set dietary
recommendations - Answer (click here)
118. Methods used to determine requirements - Answer (click here)
119. Vitamins - Answer (click here)
120. Vitamins: Introduction - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
121. Vitamin A - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
122. Vitamers and international units - Answer (click here)
123. Metabolism and storage of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids -
Answer (click here)
124. Metabolic functions of vitamin A and carotenes - Answer (click here)
125. Vitamin A deficiency: night blindness and xerophthalmia - Answer (click
here)
126. Vitamin A requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
127. Toxicity of vitamin A - Answer (click here)
128. Interactions of vitamin A with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
129. Vitamin D - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
130. Vitamers and international units - Vitamin D - Answer (click here)
131. Vitamin D Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
132. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism - Answer (click here)
133. Metabolic functions of vitamin D - Answer (click here)
134. Vitamin D deficiency: rickets and osteomalacia - Answer (click here)
135. Vitamin D requirements and reference intakes - Answer (click here)
136. Vitamin D toxicity - Answer (click here)
137. Interactions of Vitamin D with drugs and other nutrients - Answer (click
here)
138. Vitamin E - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
139. Vitamers and units of activity - Vitamin E - Answer (click here)
140. Vitamin E Absorption and metabolism - Answer (click here)
141. Metabolic functions of vitamin E - Answer (click here)
142. Vitamin E deficiency - Answer (click here)
143. Vitamin E requirements - Answer (click here)
144. Interactions of Vitamin E with other nutrients - Answer (click here)
145. Vitamin K - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
146. Vitamers - Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
147. Dietary sources, bacterial synthesis and metabolism - Vitamin K - Answer
(click here)
148. Metabolic functions of vitamin K - Answer (click here)
149. Vitamin K deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
150. Toxicity and drug interactions of Vitamin K - Answer (click here)
151. Vitamin B1 (thiamin) - Answer (click here)
152. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
153. Metabolic functions of thiamin(Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
154. Absorption and metabolism of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
155. Metabolic functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Answer (click here)
156. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) deficiency - Answer (click here)
157. Thiamin (Vitamin B1) requirements - Answer (click here)
158. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
159. Absorption and metabolism of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - Answer (click
here)
160. Metabolic functions of the flavin coenzymes - Answer (click here)
161. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) deficiency - Answer (click here)
162. Riboflavin(Vitamin B2) requirements - Answer (click here)
163. Interactions of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) with drugs and other nutrients -
Answer (click here)
164. Niacin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
165. Vitamers and niacin equivalents - Answer (click here)
166. Absorption and metabolism of Niacin - Answer (click here)
167. Metabolic functions of niacin - Answer (click here)
168. Pellagra: a disease of tryptophan and niacin deficiency - Answer (click here)
169. Niacin requirements - Answer (click here)
170. Niacin toxicity - Answer (click here)
171. Vitamin B6 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
172. Vitamers - vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
173. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
174. Metabolic functions of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
175. Vitamin B6 deficiency - Answer (click here)
176. Vitamin B6 requirements - Answer (click here)
177. Assessment of vitamin B6 status - Answer (click here)
178. Non-nutritional uses of vitamin B6 - Answer (click here)
179. Vitamin B6 toxicity - Answer (click here)
180. Vitamin B12 - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
181. Structure and vitamers - vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
182. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 - Answer (click here)
183. Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anemia - Answer (click here)
184. Vitamin B12 requirements - Answer (click here)
185. Assessment of vitamin B12 status - Answer (click here)
186. Folic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
187. Vitamers and dietary equivalence - Folic acid - Answer (click here)
188. Absorption and metabolism of folate - Answer (click here)
189. Metabolic functions of folate - Answer (click here)
190. Folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia - Answer (click here)
191. Folate requirements - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of folate status - Answer (click here)
193. Drug-nutrient interactions of folate - Answer (click here)
194. Folate toxicity - Answer (click here)
195. Biotin - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
196. Absorption and metabolism of biotin - Answer (click here)
197. Metabolic functions of biotin - Answer (click here)
198. Biotin deficiency and requirements - Answer (click here)
199. Pantothenic acid - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
200. Absorption, metabolism, and metabolic functions of pantothenic acid -
Answer (click here)
201. Pantothenic acid deficiency and safe and adequate levels of intake -
Answer (click here)
202. Non-nutritional uses of pantothenic acid - Answer (click here)
203. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - Human Nutrition - Answer (click here)
204. Absorption and metabolism of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
205. Metabolic functions of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
206. Vitamin C deficiency: scurvy - Answer (click here)
207. Vitamin C requirements - Answer (click here)
208. Assessment of vitamin C status - Answer (click here)
209. Possible benefits of high intakes of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
210. Toxicity of vitamin C - Answer (click here)
211. Minerals and Trace Elements - Answer (click here)
212. Calcium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
213. Calcium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
214. Magnesium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
215. Magnesium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
216. Phosphorus: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
217. Phosphorus: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
 Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
218. Sodium and chloride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution,
Metabolic function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
219. Sodium and chloride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
220. Potassium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
221. Potassium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
222. Iron: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
223. Iron: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
224. Zinc: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
225. Zinc: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
226. Copper: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
227. Copper: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
228. Selenium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
229. Selenium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
230. Iodine: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
231. Iodine: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
232. Manganese: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
233. Manganese: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
234. Molybdenum: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
235. Molybdenum: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary
sources, Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
236. Fluoride: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic function,
essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
237. Fluoride: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
 Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
238. Chromium: Absorption, transport, tissue distribution, Metabolic
function, essentiality, Deficiency symptoms - Answer (click here)
239. Chromium: Toxicity, Genetic diseases, Requirements, dietary sources,
Micronutrient interactions - Answer (click here)
240. Measuring Food Intake - Answer (click here)
241. Indirect measurement of food intake - Answer (click here)
242. Household-based surveys - Answer (click here)
243. Direct measures of food intake - Answer (click here)
244. Methods for measuring intake on specified days - Answer (click here)
245. Methods for measuring intake over the longer term - Answer (click here)
246. Sources of error in dietary studies - Answer (click here)
247. Choosing a dietary assessment method - Answer (click here)
248. Repeatability and Validity of dietary methods - Answer (click here)
249. Biological measures to validate energy and nutrient intake - Answer (click
here)
250. Evaluation of food intake data - Answer (click here)
251. Assessment of dietary adequacy - Answer (click here)
252. Assessing food intake - Answer (click here)
253. Food safety assessments - Answer (click here)
254. Food Composition - Answer (click here)
255. Foods - Food Composition - Answer (click here)
256. Nutrients, nonnutrients and energy - Answer (click here)
257. Information required on sources of data in tables - Answer (click here)
258. Overcoming the inadequacies of food composition tables - Answer (click
here)
259. Nutrient losses and gains during food processing and preparation -
Answer (click here)
260. Bioavailability and glycemic index - Answer (click here)
261. How to calculate a recipe not included in the database - Answer (click here)
262. Description of food composition tables and databases and how to
retrieve data - Answer (click here)
263. Converting foods to nutrients - Answer (click here)
264. Reference points in human nutrition - Answer (click here)
265. Exploration of dietary patterns - Answer (click here)
266. Options to change food and nutrient intakes - Answer (click here)
267. Global players in food and nutrition regulation - Answer (click here)
268. FAO/WHO and Codex Alimentarius - Answer (click here)
269. WTO: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to
trade - Answer (click here)
270. European Food Safety Authority - Answer (click here)
271. EU nutrition and public health - Answer (click here)
272. Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
273. Statistical analysis and experimental design - Nutrition Research
Methodology - Answer (click here)
274. In vitro studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
275. Animal models in nutrition research - Nutrition Research Methodology -
Answer (click here)
276. Human studies - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer (click here)
277. Epidemiological designs - Nutrition Research Methodology - Answer
(click here)
278. Factors contributing to food safety concerns - Answer (click here)
279. Food-borne bacteria - Answer (click here)
280. Food-borne viruses - Answer (click here)
281. Food-borne parasites - Answer (click here)
282. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and food - Answer (click here)
283. Chemicals affecting food safety - Answer (click here)
284. Food safety control programs - Answer (click here)
285. Food and Nutrition-Related Diseases: The Global Challenge - Answer
(click here)
286. Nutrition-related diseases in developed countries - Answer (click here)
287. Nutrition-related diseases in developing countries - Answer (click here)
288. HIV/AIDS - Food and Nutrition Related Diseases - Answer (click here)
289. Global challenge to address malnutrition - Answer (click here)