a. Russia is defeated which led to unrest in St. Petersburg 2. Battle of Somme (1916) a. Fought near the Somme River in France. Fought between British troops and Germans, Britain lost more than 400,000 troops but achieved 3. February Revolution (1917) a. Tsar Nicholas II abdicates(March 17) and was held in captivity for a year 4. Vladimir Lenon (1917) a. Established the Bolsheviks and seizes power in Russia 5. October Revolution (1917) a. Lenin leads the Bolsheviks to seize power of the central government 6. Russian Revolution (1917) a. Czar Nicholas II is taken from power and Russia withdraws from the war 7. Zimmerman Telegram (January 1917) a. A telegram Germany sent to Mexico trying to convince them to enter the war. This was intercepted by British inteligence 8. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918) a. Document that announced the withdrawal of Russia from WWI 9. Armistice Day (November 11, 1918) a. World War I ends 10. Weimar Republic (1918) a. Created after the fall of the German empire during political instability 11. Russian Civil War (1918-1921) a. Bolsheviks execute the tsar and his family. Britain and America support the whites 12. Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) a. Treaty particularly known for its harsh reparations toward the Germans after World War I. Set boundaries for Germany and France 13. The Great Terror (1937-1938) a. Stalin suppresses opposition and purged Russia of all his opponents 14. Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) a. Creator of Fascism party in 1919, creates the black shirts, elected to parliament in 1921 15. March on Rome (1922) a. Organized by Mussolini, king refuses to stop the march and appoints Mussolini as Prime Minister of Italy 16. Adolph Hitler (1888-1945) a. Leader of the Nazis becomes chancellor in 1933 and commits suicide on April 30, 1945 17. Mein Kampf (July 1925) a. Written by Hitler while he was in prison 18. The Beer Hall Putsch (November, 1923) a. Following the example of Mussolini, the Nazis attempt to seize power but fails. Hitler is arrested and put in prison 19. Reichstag Fire (1933) a. German parliament building burns down. Hitler blames the communists, giving their party an excuse to attack their opponents 20. Third Reich (1933-1945) a. Nazi dictatorship under Hitler 21. Treaty of Versailles Broken (1935) a. Hitler declares that Germany is no longer bound by the treaty. Italy invades Ethiopia 22. Guerica (1937) a. Anti-war painting by Pablo Picasso 23. Kristallnacht (November 1938) a. Night of broken glass where Nazis vandalized Jewish buildings 24. Sudetenland (1938) a. Annexed by Hitler in September 25. Czechoslovakia (1939) a. Surrounded by German territory and is invade by Hitler 26. Battle of Britain (1940) a. Germany attempts to subdue Great Britain by bombing them into submission but fails to make them surrender 27. Pearl Harbor (Dec 7, 1941) a. Germany and America declare war on each other 28. Stalingrad (1942) a. Russians victory against German troops 29. D-Day (June 6, 1944) a. Allies invade Normandy in WWII 30. European Union (1993-present) a. Anti-terrorist union