Title III
33.A, a lady professor, was giving an
examination. She noticed B, one of the
students, cheating. She called the student’s
attention and confiscated his examination
booklet, causing embarrassment to him.
The following day, while the class was
going on, the student, B, approached A and,
without any warning, slapped her. B would
have inflicted further injuries on A had not
C, another student, come to A’s rescue and
prevented B from continuing his attack. B
turned his ire on C and punched the latter.
What crime or crimes, if any, did B
commit? Why?
Suggested answer:
B, is liable for two counts of direct assault.
First, when he slapped A, who is a person
in authority expressly mentioned in Article
152 of the Revised Penal Code, who was in
the performance of her duties on the day of
the commission of the assault. Second,
when he repeatedly punched C, who
became an agent of the person in authority
when he came to the aid of a person in
authority, A, a lady professor (Celig v.
People, GR No. 173150, July 28, 2010).
The elements of Direct Assault are:
(a) that the accused makes an attack,
employs force, makes a serious
intimidation or a serious resistance;
(b) that the person assaulted is a person in
authority or his agent;
(c) that at the time of the assault the person
in authority or his agent is engaged in the
performance of his official duties or that the
assault was on the occasion of the
performance of his official duties;
(d) that the accused knows that the person
he is assaulting is a person in authority or
his agent in the exercise of his duties; and
(e) that there is no public uprising.
Title IV
1. Enumerate the Crimes against
Public Interest
Article 161. Counterfeiting the great seal of
the Government of the Philippines, forging
the signature or stamp of the Chief
Executive
Article 162. Using forged signature or
counterfeiting seal or stamp
Article 163. Making and importing and
uttering false coins
Article 164. Mutilation of coins,
importation and uttering of
mutilated coins
Article 165. Selling of false or mutilated
coins, without connivance
Article 166. Forging treasury or bank
notes or other documents payable to
bearer, importing and uttering of
such false or forged notes and
documents
Article 167. Counterfeiting, importing and
uttering instruments not payable to
bearer
Article 168. Illegal possession and use of
forged treasury or bank notes and
other instruments of credit
Article 170. Falsification of legislative
documents
Article 171. Falsification by public officer,
employee or notary
Article 172. Falsification by private
individuals and use of falsified
documents
Article 173. Falsification of wireless,
cable, telegraph and telephone messages
and use of said falsified messages
Article 174. False medical certificates,
false certificates of merit or service
Article 175. Using false certificates
Article 176. Manufacturing and possession
of instruments or implements for
falsification
Article 177. Usurpation of authority or
official functions
Article 178. Using fictitious name and
concealing true name
Article 179. Illegal use of uniforms or
insignia
Article 180. False testimony against a
defendant
Article 181. False testimony favourable to
the defendant
Article 182. False testimony in civil cases
Article 183. False testimony in other cases
and perjury
Article 184. Offering false testimony in
evidence
Article 185. Machinations in public auction
Article 186. Monopolies and combinations
in restraint of trade
Article 187. Importation and disposition of
falsely marked articles or
merchandise made of gold, silver, or
other precious metals or their alloys

2. Presumption of Falsification
Falsification of documents under
paragraph 1, Article 172 are:
1) the offender is a private
individual or a public officer or
employee who did not take
advantage of his official position;
2) the offender committed any of
the acts of falsification enumerated
in Article 171 and
3) the falsification was committed
in a public or official or commercial
document