* Gases serve as anesthetics

* Liquid alkanes
* Light liquids
* Harmful to lungs

* Heavy liquids
* Mineral oil
* Petroleum jelly

*
* Objectives
*
* Determine the chemical properties of alkanes
* Chemical Properties
* Do not react with many laboratory agents
* Usually very flammable
* Undergo combustion reactions

* CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + Heat

* 2 CH4 + 3 O2 → 2 CO + 4 H2O
* (Harmful carbon monoxide reaction)
* Have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by
halogen atoms
* Usually these are formed under UV light or very high
temps

* Results in an alkyl halide

*
* First part of name is alkyl group
* Second part is the halogen,
ending in –ide

* Name these:
* CH3CH2Br * Ethyl bromide
* (CH3)2CHCl
* Isopropyl chloride
* CH3I
* Methyl iodide
* CH3CH2CH2F
* Propyl flouride

*
* Rules similar to those used for naming alkanes
* Substitute in the prefixes fluoro-, chloro-,
bromo-, and iodo-

*
 * 2-chloropentane

* 4-bromo-2-methylhexane

* 2-chloro-3-methylbutane

* * 1-bromo-3-chloro-4-
* methylpentane
* Carbon atoms that are joined in a ring or circle
* Simplest: cyclopropane

* Another: cyclohexane

*
* Add cyclo-
* Otherwise fairly similar to
regular naming

* Draw structures for the

following compounds
* Cyclooctane
* Ethylcyclohexane
* 1,1,2-trimethylcyclobutane

*
* Cyclopentane

* 1-ethyl-2-
methylcyclopentane

* 1-ethyl-1,2,5,5-
tetramethylcycloheptane

*
 *
* Objectives
* Define alkene
* Name alkenes using IUPAC rules
* End in -ene
* Unsaturated hydrocarbons

* Have a double bond (CH2=CH2)

* Name the longest chain.
* Indicate the position of the double bond with
the lowest number possible.
* Substituent groups named like alkanes

* 5-methyl-2-hexene

*
 * Answers 6-dimethyl-2-
heptene

* 2-ethyl-1-butene

* 4-ethyl-2-methyl-2-hexene
* 1-methylcyclohexene
* 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene
*
* 3,4-dimethyl-2-
pentene * Answers

* 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1-
hexene

* 3-isopropyl
cyclopentene

*
* Objectives
* Determine the properties of alkenes
* Similar to alkanes
* Occur widely in nature
* Ethylene
* Triggers fruit ripening
* Can be used artifically
* Others
* Carotene
* Vitamin A
*
* Fruit coloring
 *
* Define addition reactions
* Discuss hydrogenation and hydration
* Write equations for reactions between alkenes
and other substances
* One of the bonds in the double bond is broken and
each of the involved carbon atoms then bonds to
another atom or group

* Hydrogenation—addition of hydrogen to an
unsaturated molecule

*
* Alkenes readily add halogen molecules

*
*
* Write equations for the
reaction between
CH3CH=CHCH3 and
each of the following
* H2
* Br2
* H2O (H2SO4 catalyst)

*
* Write equations for the reaction of with
each of the following.
* H2 (Ni catalyst)
* Cl2
* H2O (H2SO4 catalyst)