Average Round

1. Mathematics
1
Determine the inverse laplace transform of
4𝑠 2 −8𝑠
𝟏
Ans: 𝒆𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡⁡(𝒕)
𝟒

By completing the square of the denominator:

4s2 – 8s = 4(s2-2s)
= 4(s2-2s+1)-4
1 1 1
= ⁡ [ ]
4𝑠 2 − 8𝑠 4 (𝑠 − 1)2 − 1
𝑘
[(𝑠−𝑎)2 ] = 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 sinh⁡(𝑘𝑡)
−𝑘

1 𝟏
Thus, = ⁡ 𝒆𝒕 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐡⁡(𝒕)
4𝑠 2 −8𝑠 𝟒

2. Mathematics
What is the volume of a frustum of a cone whose upper base is 15 cm in diameter and lower base
10 cm in diameter with an altitude of 25cm? Round off your answer into two decimal places
Ans: 3108.87 cm3
ℎ
𝑉 = ⁡ [𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + √𝐴1 𝐴2 ]
3
𝐴1 = ⁡𝜋𝑟1 2 =⁡= ⁡𝜋(5𝑐𝑚)2 = 25𝜋
𝐴2 = ⁡𝜋𝑟2 2 =⁡= ⁡𝜋(7.5𝑐𝑚)2 = 56.25𝜋
25
𝑉 =⁡ [25𝜋 + 56.25𝜋 + √(25𝜋)(56.25𝜋)]
3
V = 3108.87 cm3
3. Mathematics
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)4 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)4 is equal to _______
Ans: cos2A
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝑨

4. Mathematics
If log of 2 to the base 2 plus log of x to the base 2 is equal to 2, then the value of x is
Ans: 2
log 2 2 + log 𝑥 2 = 2
log10 2 log10 𝑥
+ =2
log10 2 log10 2
log10 𝑥
1+ =2
log10 2
log10 𝑥
=1
log10 2
log10 𝑥 = ⁡ log10 2
X=2
5. Mathematics
How many terms of the progression 3, 5, 7, … must be taken in order that their sum will be
2600?
Ans: 50
a1 = 3; a2 = 5; a3 = 7
By inspection, d = 2
𝑛
𝑆 = ⁡ [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛
2600 = ⁡ [2(3) + (𝑛 − 1)2]
2
𝑛
2600 = ⁡ [4 + 2𝑛]
2
2600 = ⁡2𝑛 + 𝑛2
n = -51, n = 50
6. General Engineering (Engineering economy)
A man paid 10% down payment of P200,000 for a house and lot and agreed to pay the balance
on monthly installments for “x” years at an interest rate of 15% compounded monthly. If the
monthly installment was P 42, 821.87, find the value of x
Ans: 5 years
Down payment = 10% of cost of the house and lot
200,000 = 0.10(Cost), Cost = 2,000,000
Balance = Cost – Downpayment
= 2,000,000 – 200,000 = 1,800,000
I = 0.15/12 = 0.0125
𝐴[(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1]
𝑃 =⁡
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 𝑖
42,821.87[(1 + 0.0125)12𝑥 − 1]
1,800,000 = ⁡
(1 + 0.0125)12𝑥 (0.0125)
(1.0125)12x -1 = 0.052543(1.0125)12x
(1.0125)12x = 2.1072
Take log on both sides:
12x log 1.0125 = log 2.1072
X = 5 years
7. General engineering (Strength of materials)

A steel wire is 6m long, hanging vertically supports a load of 2000N. Neglecting the weight of the wire,
determine the required diameter if the stress is not to exceed 140 MPa and the total elongation is not to
exceed 4 mm. E = 200,000 MPa. Express your answer in mm

Ans: 4.4mm

Considering limitations of stress:

𝑃
𝛾 =⁡
𝐴
2000
140𝑥106 = ⁡ 𝜋 2 d = 0.00426m = 4.26mm
𝑑
4

Considering limitations of elongation:

𝑃𝐿
𝛿 =⁡
𝐴𝐸
 2000(6)
0.004 = ⁡ 𝜋 d = 0.0044m = 4.4mm
𝑑 2 (200,000𝑥106 )
4

Use d = 4.4mm to be safe for both stress and elongation

8. General Engineering (Statics)

A beam rests on a fulcrum, 1.2m from one end. A weight of 350kg is suspended from this end causing
the beam to balance. If the weight of 350 kg is suspended on the opposite end of the beam, it is
necessary to suspend a 1000 kg weight on the first end in order to effect and even balance. Find the
length of the beam

Ans: 3.43m

ΣMc = 0

WB = (0.5x-1.2) = 350(1.2)
420
WB = (1)
(0.5X⁡–⁡1.2)⁡⁡⁡

ΣMc = 0

350(X – 1.2) + WB(0.5X-1.2) = 1000(1.2)

[1200⁡–⁡350(X−1.2)]
WB = (2)
0.5X⁡–⁡1.2

Equate (1) to (2)

420 [1200⁡– ⁡350(X − 1.2)]
=⁡
(0.5X⁡– ⁡1.2)⁡⁡⁡ 0.5X⁡– ⁡1.2
420 = 1200 – 350X + 420

350X = 1200, x = 3.43m

9. General Engineering (Dynamics)

A cyclist on a circular track of radius r = 800ft is travelling at 27ft/s. His speed in the tangential direction
increases at the rate of 3 ft/s2. What is the cyclist’s total acceleration?

Ans: 3.1ft/s2
𝑚𝑣 2 𝑣2 272
𝐹𝑐 = = 𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑟 = = = 0.911 𝑓𝑡⁄𝑠 2
𝑟 𝑟 800

𝑎 2 = ⁡ 𝑎𝑟 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2
𝑎2 = ⁡ 0.9112 + 32 a = 3.1ft/s2

10. Physics

The temperature of three different liquids are maintained at 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C respectively. When
equal masses of the first two liquids are mixed, the final temperature is 18°C and when equal masses of
the last two are mixed, the final temperature is 24°C. What temperature will be achieved by mixing
equal masses of the first and the last liquid?
Ans: 23. 57°C

Heat gained = Heat loss

mc1(18-15) = mc2(20-18), 3c1 = 2c2 (1)

Heat gained = Heat loss

mc2(24-20) = mc3(25-24), c2 = 0.25c3 (2)

Substitute (2) in (1)

3c1 = 2(0.25c3), c1` = 0.1667c3

Heat gained = Heat loss

mc1(t-15) = mc3(25-t)

0.1667c3(t-15) = c3(25-t)

t = 23. 57°C

11. Physics

11. Physics
If a 10 kg piece of copper falls 100m, how much heat might be produced? Express your answers
in BTU
Ans: 9.30BTU
Assuming no heat losses, the total heat equals the initial PE of the copper
PE = mgh
= (10)(9.81)(100) = 9810J x (1 BTU/1055.056J) = 9.30BTU
12. General Chemistry

What is the temperature in °C of 2 liters of water at 30 °C after 500 calories of heat have been
added? Use 1 cal = 4.186 J
Ans: 30.25°C
Q = mCpΔT
Q = 500 cal (4.186) = 2093J; 2.093 kJ
M = 2L x (1kg/L) = 2kg
𝑘𝐽
2.093𝑘𝐽 = ⁡2𝑘𝑔⁡𝑥⁡(4.187 )ΔT , ΔT = 0.25°C
𝑘𝑔°C

ΔT = (T2 – T1)
0.25 = (T2 – 30)
T2 = 30.25°C
13. Chemistry
A 0.064 kg of octane vapor (MW = 114) is mixed with 0.91 kg of air (MW = 29) in the manifold
of an engine. The total pressure in the manifold is 86.1 kPa, and the temperature is 290K.
Assuming octane behaves ideally, what is the partial pressure of the air in the mixture in kPa?
Ans: 84.62 kPa
Dalton’s law of partial pressure: Ptotal = Poctane + Pair
𝑚𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑅𝑇𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑅𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟
86.1 = ⁡ +
𝑀𝑊𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑉 𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑉
𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 𝑚3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 𝑚3
0.064𝑘𝑔(8.314 )(290𝐾) 0.91(8.314 )(290𝐾)
𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 𝐾
86.1 = ⁡ +
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
(114 )𝑉 (29 )𝑉
𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
V = 0.894m3
𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑅𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑟 = ⁡
𝑀𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑉
𝑘𝑃𝑎−𝑚3
0.91𝑘𝑔(8.314𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙−𝐾)(290𝐾)
𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑟 = ⁡ 𝑘𝑔 = 84.62 kPa
(29𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.894𝑚3 )

14. General information (Current events)

Last October 23, 2015 a category 5 hurricane touched down near Cuixmala in southwestern Mexico. A
record breaking 200 mph maximum sustained winds was recorded for hurricane Patricia, it was strong
enough it broke the scale for measuring hurricane intensity. This scale is known as: _________

Ans: Dvorak Intensity Scale

15. This is an incredible light show caused by collisions between electrically charged particles released
from the sun that enter the earth’s atmosphere and collide with gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.
They could occur around the magnetic poles of the northern and southern hemisphere. When they
occur in the southern hemisphere, they are called:_______

Ans: Aurora Australis or Southern Lights