Modern Medical Toxicology

Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Modern Medical Toxicology

General Principles
Introduction
1. Epidemiology of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
2. Historical Overview - Toxicology - Answer (click here)
3. Poison Control Centres - Answer (click here)
4. Mortality from Poisoning - Answer (click here)
5. Poisoning Severity Score - Answer (click here)

Diagnosis of Poisoning
1. Diagnosis of Poisoning - Answer (click here)

General Management of Poisoning

1. General Management of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
2. Stabilisation: Assessment - General Management of Poisoning - Answer
(click here)
3. Stabilisation: Management - General Management of Poisoning - Answer
(click here)
4. Evaluation - General Management of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
5. Decontamination - General Management of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
6. Elimination - General Management of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
7. Antidote Administration - General Management of Poisoning - Answer
(click here)
8. Nursing and Psychiatric Care - General Management of Poisoning -
Answer (click here)

Medicolegal Aspects of Poisoning

1. Medicolegal Duties of a Doctor in Suspected/Actual Poisoning - Answer
 (click here)
2. Indian Statutes on Drugs/Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Toxicology and the Criminal Law - Answer (click here)
4. Medicolegal Problems Involving Consent - Answer (click here)
5. Toxicology and the Workmen’s Compensation Act - Answer (click here)
6. Postmortem Examination in a Case of Poisoning - Answer (click here)
7. Chemical Analysis - Medicolegal Aspects of Poisoning - Answer (click
here)
8. Histopathological Examination - Answer (click here)

Corrosive or Caustic Poisons

Mineral Acids Inorganic Acids
1. Caustics - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Acids - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Sulfuric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
4. Nitric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
5. Hydrochloric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
6. Hydrofluoric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
7. Phosphoric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
8. Boric Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
9. Chromic Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)

Organic Acids
1. Acetic Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Formic Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Carbolic Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
4. Oxalic Acid - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)

Alkalis and Other Caustics

1. Alkalis - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Potassium Permanganate - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Iodine - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
4. Hydrogen Peroxide - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)
5. Cetrimide - Corrosive(Caustic) Poisons - Answer (click here)

Chemical Poisons
Non Metallic Chemical Poisons
 1. Phosphorus - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Phosphine - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Aluminium Phosphide - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
4. Zinc Phosphide - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
5. Chlorine - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
6. Bromine - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
7. Fluorine - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)

Heavy Metals
1. Arsenic - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Lead - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Lead - Chemical Poisons: Diagnosis - Answer (click here)
4. Lead - Chemical Poisons: Treatment - Answer (click here)
5. Lead - Chemical Poisons: Forensic Issues - Answer (click here)
6. Mercury - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
7. Iron - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
8. Copper - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
9. Antimony - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
10. Barium - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
11. Cadmium - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
12. Cobalt - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
13. Lithium - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
14. Magnesium - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
15. Manganese - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
16. Potassium (Kalium) - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
17. Thallium - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)
18. Metal Fume Fever - Chemical Poisons - Answer (click here)

Organic Poisons Toxins

Irritant Plants
1. Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
3. Oropharyngeal Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
4. Dumbcane - Oropharyngeal Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
5. Philodendron - Oropharyngeal Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
6. Castor - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
7. Colocynth(Citrullus colocynthis) - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click
here)
 8. Croton(Croton tiglium) - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
9. Glory Lily(Gloriosa superba) - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
10. Marking Nut(Semecarpus anacardium) - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer
(click here)
11. Mayapple (May Apple) - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
12. Red Pepper - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
13. Rosary Pea - Gastric Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)
14. Dermal Irritant Plants - Answer (click here)

Plants of Special Importance

1. Neem - Hepatotoxic Plants - Answer (click here)
2. Autumn Crocus(Colchicum autumnale) - Answer (click here)
3. Oduvan - Organic Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
4. Eucalyptus - Organic Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
5. Physic Nut - Organic Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)

Venomous Bites and Stings

1. Snakes - Organic Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Snakes - Answer (click here)
3. Identification of Venomous Snakes - Answer (click here)
4. Common Indian Venomous Snakes - Answer (click here)
5. Common Cobra - Organic Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
6. Common Krait - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
7. Saw-scaled Viper - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
8. Russell’s Viper - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
9. King Cobra - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
10. Banded Krait - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
11. Pit Vipers - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
12. Coral Snakes - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
13. Sea Snakes - Poisons (Toxins) - Answer (click here)
14. Snake Venom - Answer (click here)
15. Snakebite: Epidemiology - Answer (click here)
16. Snakebite: Clinical Features - Answer (click here)
17. Diagnosis of Snakebite - Answer (click here)
18. Treatment of Snakebite - Answer (click here)
19. Prevention of Snakebite - Answer (click here)
20. Forensic Issues in Snakebite - Answer (click here)
21. Order Hymenoptera - Venomous Insects - Answer (click here)
22. Order Scorpionida - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
 23. Order Aranea - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
24. Brown Recluse - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
25. Black Widow - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
26. Wolf Spider - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
27. Tarantula - Venomous Arachnids - Answer (click here)
28. Ticks and Mites - Venomous Creature - Answer (click here)
29. Centipedes - Venomous Creature - Answer (click here)
30. Millipedes - Venomous Creature - Answer (click here)
31. Marine Venomous Creatures - Answer (click here)
32. General Treatment Measures for Cnidarian Stings - Answer (click here)

Neurotoxic Poisons
Somniferous Drugs
1. Somniferous Drugs - Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Opium - Somniferous Drugs(Narcotics) Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer
(click here)
3. Opium: Diagnosis, Treatment, Autopsy Features, Forensic Issues -
Somniferous Drugs(Narcotics) Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)

Inebriants
1. Alcohols - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Ethanol - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Ethanol: Clinical Features - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click
here)
4. Ethanol: Diagnosis - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
5. Ethanol: Autopsy Features, Forensic Issues - Inebriant Neurotoxic
Poisons - Answer (click here)
6. Ethanol and cardiac health - Answer (click here)
7. Methanol - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
8. Isopropanol - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
9. Ethylene Glycol - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
10. Barbiturates - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
11. Benzodiazepines - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
12. Chloral Hydrate - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
13. Paraldehyde - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
14. Methaqualone - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
15. Buspirone - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
16. Zolpidem - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
17. Zopiclone - Inebriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
Deliriants
1. Datura - Deliriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Cannabis - Deliriant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)

Stimulants
1. Amphetamines - Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
2. Designer Amphetamines - Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click
here)
3. Cocaine - Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)
4. Cocaine: Clinical Features - Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click
here)
5. Cocaine: Diagnosis, Treatment - Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer
(click here)
6. Cocaine: Autopsy Features, Mediocosocial and Forensic Issues -
Stimulant Neurotoxic Poisons - Answer (click here)

Anticonvulsants and Antiparkinsonian Drugs

1. Classification of Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
2. Phenytoin - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
3. Primidone - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
4. Carbamazepine - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click
here)
5. Valproic Acid - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
6. Gabapentin - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
7. Topiramate - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
8. Zonisamide - Anticonvulsant (Anti-Epileptic) Drug - Answer (click here)
9. Antiparkinsonian Drugs - Answer (click here)
10. Levodopa - Antiparkinsonian Drug - Answer (click here)
11. Bromocriptine - Antiparkinsonian Drug - Answer (click here)
12. Pergolide - Antiparkinsonian Drug - Answer (click here)
13. Trihexiphenidyl - Antiparkinsonian Drug - Answer (click here)
14. Benztropine - Antiparkinsonian Drug - Answer (click here)

Anaesthetics and Muscle Relaxants

1. Anaesthetics Classification - Answer (click here)
2. Nitrous Oxide - Inhalational Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
3. Halothane - Inhalational Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
4. Other Inhalational Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
 5. Etomidate - Intravenous Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
6. Ketamine - Intravenous Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
7. Fentanyl and Droperidol - Intravenous Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
8. Propofol - Intravenous Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
9. Cocaine and Other Local Anaesthetics - Answer (click here)
10. Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
11. Baclofen - Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
12. Carisoprodol - Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
13. Other Central Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
14. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents - Answer (click here)
15. Orphenadrine - Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
16. Dantrolene - Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
17. Cyclobenzaprine - Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)

Drugs Used in Psychiatry

1. Antipsychotics - Drugs Used in Psychiatry - Answer (click here)
2. Classical Neuroleptics - Answer (click here)
3. Dibenzodiazepines - Atypical Neuroleptics - Answer (click here)
4. Benzisoxazoles - Atypical Neuroleptics - Answer (click here)
5. Antidepressants - Answer (click here)
6. Cyclic Antidepressants - Answer (click here)
7. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) - Antidepressants -
Answer (click here)
8. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - Antidepressants - Answer (click
here)
9. Atypical Antidepressants - Answer (click here)
10. Lithium - Anti-Manic Drugs - Answer (click here)
11. Anti-Migraine Drugs - Answer (click here)
12. Ergot Alkaloids - Anti-Migraine Drugs - Answer (click here)
13. Sumatriptan - Anti-Migraine Drugs - Answer (click here)
14. Tacrine - Drugs Used in Alzheimer’s Disease - Answer (click here)

Hallucinogens Psychedelic Drugs

1. Hallucinogens (Psychedelic Drugs) - Answer (click here)
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - Hallucinogen(Psychedelic Drug) -
Answer (click here)
3. Phencyclidine - Hallucinogen(Psychedelic Drug) - Answer (click here)
4. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) - Hallucinogen(Psychedelic Drug) - Answer
(click here)
5. Mescaline - Hallucinogen(Psychedelic Drug) - Answer (click here)
 6. Inhalants (Glue Sniffing; Volatile Substance Abuse) - Answer (click here)

Spinal and Peripheral Neurotoxic Agents

1. Strychnine - Spinal and Peripheral Neurotoxic Agents - Answer (click here)
2. Poison Hemlock - Spinal and Peripheral Neurotoxic Agents - Answer
(click here)
3. Water Hemlock(Cicuta maculata.) - Spinal and Peripheral Neurotoxic
Agents - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular Poisons
Diurets Antihypertensives and Antiarrhythmics
1. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Diuret Cardiovascular Poison - Answer
(click here)
2. Osmotic Diuretics - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
3. Loop Diuretics - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
4. Thiazide Diuretics - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
5. Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
6. Antihypertensives - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
7. Methyldopa - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
8. Clonidine - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
9. Ganglionic Blocking Agents - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular
Poison - Answer (click here)
10. Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents - Sympatholytic Drug
Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
11. Reserpine - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
12. Beta Adrenergic Antagonists (Beta Blockers) - Sympatholytic Drug
Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
13. Alpha Adrenergic Antagonists (Alpha Blockers) - Sympatholytic Drug
Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
14. Vasodilators - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
15. Hydralazine - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
16. Minoxidil - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
17. Sodium Nitroprusside - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison -
Answer (click here)
18. Calcium Channel Blockers - Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison
- Answer (click here)
19. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) -
Sympatholytic Drug Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
20. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists - Sympatholytic Drug
Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
21. Antiarrhythmics - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
22. Disopyramide - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
23. Procainamide - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
24. Lignocaine (Lidocaine) - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer
(click here)
25. Mexiletine and Tocainide - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison -
Answer (click here)
26. Propafenone (Fenopraine) - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison -
Answer (click here)
27. Amiodarone - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
28. Adenosine - Antiarrhythmic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)

Cardiac Drugs and Lipid Lowering Agents

1. Drugs Used in Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
2. Cardiac Glycosides - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Dopamine - Beta Adrenergic Receptor and Dopaminergic Receptor
Agonists - Answer (click here)
4. Dobutamine - Beta Adrenergic Receptor and Dopaminergic Receptor
Agonists - Answer (click here)
5. Amrinone (Inamrinone) - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
6. Dipyridamole - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
7. Anti-anginal Drugs - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
8. Organic Nitrates - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
9. HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click
here)
10. Bile Acid Binding Resins - Answer (click here)
11. Probucol - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)
12. Fibric Acid Derivatives - Cardiovascular Poisons - Answer (click here)

Anticoagulants and Related Drugs

1. Anticoagulants - Answer (click here)
2. Heparins and Low Molecular Weight Heparins - Cardiovascular Poison -
Answer (click here)
3. Oral Anticoagulants - Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
 4. Aprotinin - Antifibrinolytic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
5. Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid - Antifibrinolytic Cardiovascular Poison -
Answer (click here)
6. Hirudin - Antifibrinolytic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click here)
7. Thrombolytics - Antifibrinolytic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)
8. Antiplatelet Drugs - Antifibrinolytic Cardiovascular Poison - Answer (click
here)

Cardiotoxic Plants
1. Cardiotoxic Plants - Answer (click here)
2. Aconite - Cardiotoxic Plant - Answer (click here)
3. Common Oleander - Cardiotoxic Plant - Answer (click here)
4. Yellow Oleander - Cardiotoxic Plant - Answer (click here)
5. Suicide Tree - Cardiotoxic Plant - Answer (click here)

Asphyxiant Poisons
Toxic Gases
1. Toxic Gases - Answer (click here)
2. Carbon Dioxide - Simple Asphyxiant Poisons - Answer (click here)
3. Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Gases - Simple Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click
here)
4. Ammonia - Respiratory Irritants Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click here)
5. Formaldehyde - Respiratory Irritants Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click
here)
6. Hydrogen Sulfide - Respiratory Irritants Asphyxiant Poison - Answer
(click here)
7. Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) - Respiratory Irritants Asphyxiant Poison -
Answer (click here)
8. Phosgene - Respiratory Irritants Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click here)
9. Carbon Monoxide - Systemic Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click here)
10. Cyanide - Systemic Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click here)
11. Smoke - Systemic Asphyxiant Poison - Answer (click here)

Hydrocarbons and Pesticides

Hydrocarbon
1. Hydrocarbon - Answer (click here)
2. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons - Answer (click here)
 3. Benzene - Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Answer (click here)
4. Naphthalene - Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Answer (click here)
5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Answer (click here)
6. Halogenated Hydrocarbons - Answer (click here)

Pesticides
1. Pesticides - Answer (click here)
2. Organophosphates (Organophosphorus Compounds) - Insecticides -
Answer (click here)
3. Carbamates - Insecticide - Answer (click here)
4. Organochlorines - Insecticide - Answer (click here)
5. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids - Insecticide - Answer (click here)
6. Rodenticides - Answer (click here)
7. Paraquat and Diquat - Herbicides (Weedicides) - Answer (click here)
8. Chlorophenoxy Compounds - Herbicides (Weedicides) - Answer (click
here)
9. Glyphosate - Herbicides (Weedicides) - Answer (click here)
10. Thiocarbamates - Fungicides - Answer (click here)
11. Ethylene dibromide - Nematicides - Answer (click here)
12. Acaricides - Answer (click here)
13. Metaldehyde - Molluscicides - Answer (click here)
14. Forensic Issues (All Pesticides) - Answer (click here)

Miscellaneous Drugs and Poisons

Analgesics and Antihistamines
1. Analgesics and Antihistamines - Answer (click here)
2. Salicylates - Analgesic-Antipyretics - Answer (click here)
3. Paracetamol - Analgesic-Antipyretics - Answer (click here)
4. Paracetamol: Diagnosis, Treatment on Poisons - Analgesic-Antipyretics
- Answer (click here)
5. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) - Answer (click here)
6. Pyrazolones - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) - Answer
(click here)
7. Propionic Acids - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) -
Answer (click here)
8. Fenamic Acids - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) -
Answer (click here)
9. Heterocyclic Acetic Acids - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
Drug(NSAID) - Answer (click here)
 10. Aryl Acetic Acids - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) -
Answer (click here)
11. Oxicams - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) - Answer
(click here)
12. Nimesulide - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) - Answer
(click here)
13. Cox-2 Inhibitors - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(NSAID) -
Answer (click here)
14. Antihistamines - Answer (click here)
15. H1 Receptor Antagonists (Classical Antihistamines) - Answer (click here)
16. H2 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
17. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Antagonists - Answer (click here)

Anti Infectives
1. Antimicrobial Agents - Answer (click here)
2. Antiprotozoal Agents - Answer (click here)
3. Antibacterials - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
4. Quinolones - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
5. Penicillins - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
6. Cephalosporines - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
7. Aminoglycosides - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
8. Tetracyclines - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
9. Chloramphenicol - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
10. Macrolides - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
11. Anti-tubercular Drugs - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
12. Antileprotic Drugs - Antimicrobials - Answer (click here)
13. Other Antibacterial Drugs - Answer (click here)
14. Antiherpesvirus Agents - Answer (click here)
15. Antiretroviral Agents - Answer (click here)
16. Other Antiviral Agents - Answer (click here)
17. Amphotericin B - Antifungals - Answer (click here)
18. Flucytosine - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
19. Imidazoles - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
20. Griseofulvin - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
21. Antimalarials - Antiprotozoal Agent - Answer (click here)
22. Chloroguanide (Proguanil) - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
23. Primaquine - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
24. Quinine and Quinidine - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
25. Chloroquine and Amodiaquine - Antifungal - Answer (click here)
26. Mefloquine, Halofantrine, Endoperoxidases, Pyrimethamine, Mepacrine
 - Antimalarial Drugs - Answer (click here)
27. Antiamoebics - Anti-Infectives - Answer (click here)
28. Antihelminthics (Anthelmintics) - Answer (click here)
29. Autopsy Features (Anti-infective Overdose Deaths) - Answer (click here)
30. Forensic Issues (Anti-infectives) - Answer (click here)

Gastrointestinal and Endocrinal Drugs

1. Antacids and Anti-ulcer Drugs - Answer (click here)
2. Laxatives - Gastrointestinal Drugs - Answer (click here)
3. Antidiarrhoeals - Answer (click here)
4. Antiemetics - Antiemetics and Prokinetic Drug - Answer (click here)
5. Prokinetic Drugs - Antiemetics and Prokinetic Drug - Answer (click here)
6. Bile Acids and Pancreatic Enzymes - Antiemetics and Prokinetic Drug -
Answer (click here)
7. Anterior Pituitary Hormones - Endocrinal Drug - Answer (click here)
8. Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs - Endocrinal Drug - Answer (click here)
9. Antithyroid Drugs - Endocrinal Drug - Answer (click here)
10. Oestrogens - Endocrinal Drug - Answer (click here)
11. Anti-oestrogens - Answer (click here)
12. Progestins - Endocrinal Drug - Answer (click here)
13. Anti-progestins - Answer (click here)
14. Androgens (Anabolic Steroids) - Answer (click here)
15. Anti-androgens - Answer (click here)
16. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Corticosteroids - Endocrinal Drug -
Answer (click here)
17. Insulin - Answer (click here)
18. Oral Hypoglycaemics - Answer (click here)
19. Sulfonylureas - Oral Hypoglycaemics - Answer (click here)
20. Biguanides - Oral Hypoglycaemics - Answer (click here)
21. Other Hypoglycaemics - Answer (click here)
22. Anti-Asthmatic Drugs - Answer (click here)
23. Corticosteroids - Anti-inflammatory Drugs - Answer (click here)
24. Catecholamines - Answer (click here)
25. Immunomodulators - Answer (click here)
26. Immunostimulants - Answer (click here)
27. Antineoplastic Agents - Answer (click here)
28. Antimetabolites - Answer (click here)
29. Drugs Acting on the Uterus - Answer (click here)
30. Radiocontrast Agents - Answer (click here)
31. Sildenafil - Drugs Used in the Treatment of Impotence - Answer (click here)
Food Poisons
Food Poisoning
1. Causes and Diagnosis of Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
2. General Treatment Measures of Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
3. Prevention of Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
4. Bacillus cereus - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
5. Staphylococcus aureus - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
6. Salmonella - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
7. Shigella - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
8. Vibrio - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
9. Escherichia coli - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
10. Campylobacter - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
11. Yersinia enterocolitica - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
12. Listeria monocytogenes - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
13. Clostridium Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
14. Clostridium perfringens - Clostridium Microbial Food Poisoning -
Answer (click here)
15. Clostridium botulinum - Clostridium Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer
(click here)
16. Clinical Features - Clostridium Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click
here)
17. Diagnosis - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
18. Treatment - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
19. Prevention of Botulism - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
20. Forensic Issues - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
21. Viruses - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
22. Protozoa - Microbial Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
23. Parasites - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
24. Fungi: Mushrooms - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
25. Fungi: Aflatoxins - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
26. Fungi: Trichothecenes - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
27. Cyanogenic Plants - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
28. Sweet Pea - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
29. Prickly Poppy - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
30. Fish - Food Poisoning - Answer (click here)
31. Scombroid Poisoning (Histamine Fish Poisoning) - Answer (click here)
32. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning - Answer (click here)
33. Tetrodotoxic Poisoning - Answer (click here)
34. Shellfish Poisoning - Answer (click here)
 35. Chemicals: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) - Food Poisoning - Answer
(click here)

Substance Abuse
Substances of Dependence and Abuse
1. Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
2. Classification - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
3. Tobacco - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
4. Cocaine - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
5. Cocaine: Diagnosis, Treatment - Substances of Dependence and Abuse -
Answer (click here)
6. Cannabis - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
7. Amphetamines - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click
here)
8. Designer Drugs - Substances of Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click
here)
9. Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Psychotomimetics) - Substances of
Dependence and Abuse - Answer (click here)
10. Inhalants (“Glue Sniffing”,Volatile Substance Abuse, Inhalant-related
Disorders) - Answer (click here)

Analytical Toxicology
Biochemical and Haematological Tests
1. Analytical Toxicology: Biochemical and Haematological Tests - Answer
(click here)
2. Biochemical Tests - Analytical Toxicology - Answer (click here)
3. Haematological Tests - Analytical Toxicology - Answer (click here)

Analytical Instrumentation
1. Analytical Methods Used In Toxicology - Answer (click here)
2. Qualitative Tests - Analytical Toxicology Instrumentation - Answer (click
here)
3. Quantitative Assays - Analytical Toxicology Instrumentation - Answer
(click here)
4. Applications of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -
Answer (click here)