Professional Documents
Culture Documents
My submission is at the top (not that I think there’s anything special about it, but being a moderator
has its privileges!), followed by everyone else’s in alphabetical order of the name you used at the top
of your homework. If you have any questions or comments on anything, please post them to the
main GlyphStudy list.
Ahmose 1
Chris
Commander of sailors Ahmose, son of Ibana, justified, says “I speak to you, all men. I will let you
know the honours granted to me. I have been rewarded in gold seven times in front of the entire
land. Male and female slaves, likewise. I have been endowed with very many fields. The name of a
brave man is in what he has done, never perishing in this land.”
1.16:
xrj Xnyt: Literally “one who is above sailors”. “xrj” is a nisbe, “one who is above”; “Xnyt” is a
collective noun (ie plural in meaning but grammatically singular) for “sailors”. The title can be
translated in many different ways: “naval commander”, “crew commander”, etc. I’ve chosen to go
with the almost literal “Commander of sailors”. The often-seen “Admiral” really isn’t justified by the
text.
sA j-bA-nA mAa-xrw, “son of Ibana, justified”. Ibana is the name of Ahmose’s mother, and the “mAa-
xrw”, literally “true of voice”, indicates that she has died and successfully passed the “judgement”
where one’s fitness to enter the blessed realm of Osiris is decided.
Dd.f: He says... . Introducing the start of Ahmose’s words to the reader. The sDm.f verb form is
present tense, and the “.f” suffix pronoun repeats the subject of the verb which has already been
expressed (ie “Commander of sailors Ahmose” etc.).
1.17:
Dd.j: “I speak” or “I am speaking”. sDm.f verb form expressing the present tense.
n.tn: Dative, “to you (plural)”. “tn” is written for the more common “Tn”, the second person plural
suffix pronoun.
rmTt nbt: “all men” or “all mankind”. This is the feminine noun “rmTt”, “mankind”, not the
masculine “rmT”, “people”, as can be seen from the feminine adjective “nbt”, “all”, which agrees
with it. The phrase is in the vocative: “all men” are the people being spoken to, ie the readers of the
inscription.
2.1
The verb “dj” (most commonly “do” or “make”) when followed by another verb means to let or
cause the second action to occur. Thus “dj.j rx.tn”, “I cause that you know” or, in better English, “I
will let you know”. Once again we have “tn” for the second personal plural suffix pronoun “Tn”.
Hswt: The object of the verb “rx”. The Egyptian word literally means “favours”, but “honours” in the
sense of the British honours system (titles awarded by the monarch for service to the country) is the
sense that is meant.
xprt: Passive participle of the verb “xpr”. Literally “that happened”, but I’ve translated as “granted”.
2.2
I have been rewarded in gold seven times in front of the entire land.
jwa.kw: Stative of the verb “jwa”, “to reward”, indicating a current state that is the result of a
completed action. Thus “I am in a state of having been rewarded”, or “I have been rewarded”.
sp 7: “seven times”.
xft-xr n: Adverbial phrase, “in front of” or “in the presence of”.
2.3
2.4
2.5
jw rn n qn m jrt.n.f
jrt.n.f: Relative sDm.n.f verb form with an unexpressed subject. “What he has done”.
2.6
nn Htm m Tp pn Dt
nn Htm: An infinitive negated with “nn” denies the existence of the action, ie “without perishing”
(S13.15).
Dt: “eternally”.
Lichtheim notes that these last two lines: “The name of a brave man is in what he has done, never
perishing in this land” is a proverb that occurs several times in texts from the early New Kingdom.
AlliseG
Introduction
Overall Translation
Crew captain Ahmose, son of Ibana, True of Voice, says: I will speak to you, all people. I
will let you know the honors accruing to me. I was rewarded with gold 7 times in front of the
entire land, and with male and female slaves, as well. I have been granted very many fields.
The name of the brave man is in his deeds, and will not perish in this land forever.
Line by Line
NOTES
I chose “crew captain” over “naval commander” because “commander” implies (to me) a
higher rank that he actually held. I believe Hrj Xnyt is a nfr-Hr construction. I also think the
double reed in Xnyt is separated by the t for aesthetic reasons.
NOTES
I used the future tense here, noting Allen 3rd ed., 18.7: “Most examples of the sDm.f are
either future or subjunctive, especially when it appears as the first word in the sentence.”
I will give you all to know (let you know) the honors accruing to me
NOTES
Faulkner (A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian) notes that xpr n is an idiomatic usage
meaning "accrue to." I believe xprt is the infinitive, so I translated with an “-ing” ending.
I was rewarded with gold 7 times in front of the entire land, and with male and female slaves,
as well.
NOTES
The verb form here appears to be the stative, with .kwj as the stative suffix.
NOTES
This is the stative again. I wonder here if this could also be translated, “I have been granted
many large fields.”
jw rn n qn m jrt.n.f nn Htm m tA pn Dt
The name of the brave man is in what he has done (or did – i.e., his deeds), and will not
perish in this land forever.
Anastasia R
iw rn n qn m irt.n f
The name of the brave is what he has done
nn Htm
without perishing
(4) m tA pn Dt
in this land eternally.
Dd.f r ntt
He speaks as follows:
Angelika Erhardt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transliteration:
Dd.f Dd.j n.tn rmT nbt d.j rx.tn Hswt xpr(w)t n.j jwa.kwj m nbw sp 7
xft-Hr-n tA r-Dr.f Hmw Hmwt r-mjtt jry sAH.kwj m AHwt aSAw(t) wrt jw rn n qn m jrt.n.f
nn Htm.(w) m tA pn
Dt Dd.f r-ntt
Translation:
Admiral Ahmose, son of Ibana, justified
He says: "I speak to you (pl) all people, I give you knowledge (about) the promotions (which
have) come upon me. I have been rewarded with gold seven times
in front of the whole land, with male and female servants also. I have been endowed with
very many pieces of land.
The name of a brave man is in what he has accomplished, it will not perish in this land". He
says:
Remarks
1) Nederhof translates the name of Ahmose's father or mother as Abana, but according to
http://www.infernaldreams.com/names/Africa/Ancient/Anc%20Egypt%20Names.htm
there is a female AE name Abana and a male AE name Ibana. I have a feeling that in those
days one was the son of the father
if one wanted to be proud of one's ancestors...
2) As usually, the last word gives me the most problems: r-ntt is mentioned in
Loprieno: Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Intoduction" p. 100 with translation "so that", i.e.
"so that he speaks". I chose not to translate it.
Amose 1
Cory
Dagmar
2.- Dd.f Dd.j n Tn rmT nbt dj.j rx Tn Hswt xprt.n.j jwa.kw m nbw sp 7 xft Hr
He says: I speak to you, all people, to let you know the favors granted to me. I have been rewarded
with gold seven times
3.- n tA r Dr.f Hmw Hmwt r mjtt jry sAH.kw m AHwt aSAw wat jw rn.n qn m jrt.n.f nn Htm m tA pn Dt
in the entire land and with male and female slaves alike. I have been endowed with many great
fields. The name of a brave man is in what he has done, without ever perishing in this land.
DANY
page 1 line 16
Hry Xnyt iaH-ms sA ibAnA mAa-xrw Dd.f
Chief of the crew, Ahmose, Ibana's son, says :
page 1 line 17
Dd.i n.tn rmT nb
"I say to you all
page 2 line 1
di.i rx.tn Hswt xprt n.i
I'll manage that you know what happened to me
page 2 line 2
iwa.kw im nbw sp 7 xft-Hr n tA r Dr.f
I was rewarded with gold 7 times befoe the whole Land
page 2 line 3
Hmw Hmwt r-mitt iry
(and with) male and female slaves likewise
page 2 line 4
sAH.kw im AHwt aSA wrt
I was given very numerous fields
page 2 line 5
iw rn n qni m irt.n.f
a brave man's name is in what he has accomplished
page 2 line 6
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
his fame will never be forgotten in this Land
Ahmose 1, Federico
1.16
Notes:
1.17
Notes:
nbt is feminine, so that the noun should be either feminine or collective, therefore rmTt and
not rmT; rmTt, as a collective, has the meaning of “mankind”: Faulkner, CD, 150. Probably
here we have a prospective sDm.f (bare sDm.f at the beginning of the clause).
2.1
Notes:
The singular of Hsw(t) is Hst, probably feminine, hence the (t) in the plural. The general
sense is to be better rendered as “I let you know the honors which were given to me”. These
honors are synthesized in the next lines: gold, servants, land. Probably here we have a
prospective sDm.f (bare sDm.f at the beginning of the clause).
2.2
for I’ve been rewarded with gold seven times in front of the land up to its end;
Notes:
iwa.kwi: first person singular, stative (also called old-perfective or pseudo-participle), of the
transitive verb iwa; in ME the meaning of this form is most often passive; the subject is
pronominal; an unmarked circumstantial use is therefore suggested, since this verb form is
not introduced by iw or other words; this circumstantial is probably linked to the previous
sentence which acts as principal clause; I use “for” as link between them, but also “when”
may work. Another possibility would be to render it as “having been rewarded…”
xt.f-H n tA r Dr.f could be better rendered as “in front of the entire country”; tA is masculine,
hence the suffix f refers to it.
2.3
Notes:
r mitt iry serves to re-concatenate Hmw and Hmwt to nwb, after the pause given by xt.f-Hr n
tA r Dr.f, therefore I render the beginning of this phrase with “and with…”
2.4
and for I’ve been endowed with numerous, large, arable fields.
Notes: see before 2.2 for unmarked, passive, circumstantial verb form with subordinate
meaning.
2.5
iw rn n qn m irt.n.f
2.6
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Notes: the subject of the negative clause is “the name”, being this the subject of the first
sentence. We probably have here an nn+sDm.f form with prospective meaning…
Introduction
1) Hr-xnyt jaH-ms sA jbAnA mAa-xrw
The captain of the sailors Ahmose, son of Ibana, the justified
m jrt.n.f nn Htm
is) in what he has done. Without perishing
4) m tA pn Dt
in this Land forever.
Using Bill Petty’s Ahmose book plus of course Gardiner and Faulkner.
Different translations are offered. Without the transliteration and
translation of sAH, I would never have found it !
Dd.f Dd.i n tn(w) rmT nb.f di.i rx tn(w) Hswt xprt n.i
He says (Ahmose who says) I say to you all mankind (everyone) I would
have you know the honours accruing to me
Hazel
Urk. 1.16
Urk. 1.17
Urk. 2.1
I will let you know the favour that had happened to me.
Urk. 2.2
Urk. 2.3
Urk. 2.4
Urk. 2.5
iw rn.i n qn m irt.n.f
Urk. 2.6
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Ahmose 1
Hazel Gray
Unless otherwise specified, my grammar notes are based on lectures from a course on
Egyptian Language and Beliefs at Birkbeck, University of London, taught by Carol Andrews.
We used both Allen (2nd ed.) and Gardiner (3rd rev. ed.) for readings during the course.
Page 1 Line 16
Hry is derived from the preposition Hr (upon) and means who / which is upon; here
it means one who is in charge of sailors.
Interesting writing of xnyt, showing i-t-i rather than y-t. Presumably this is to make
the writing more attractive – or perhaps a scribal error.
Also interesting that a male determinative is written between the i and b of Ibana’s
name. Should this have come after the sA?
The use of the wording mAa-xrw (justified, true of voice) indicates that Ibana had
died by the time the inscription was written.
Page 1 Line 17
The use of the feminine adjective nbt indicates, according to Faulkner’s dictionary,
that the preceding word is the plural rmTt (mankind) rather than rmT (people)
Page 2 Line 1
Uses the stative to indicate a completed action in the passive mood (“I was
rewarded…”)
I’m not sure whether the n after xft-Hr is redundant, since Faulkner gives the
meaning of xft-Hr as “in front of / before”
“tA r Dr.f” means literally “the land to its limit” but seems better translated as “the
whole land”
Page 2 Line 3
Perhaps better just translated as “and likewise male and female servants”, as this
follows on from the previous line so the m (with) also relates to these servants.
r mitt iry is literally “the like thereof”, with mitt derived from the preposition mi
(like) and iry derived from r (to, at, concerning)
Page 2 Line 4
The stative, sAx.kw, again shows a completed passive occurrence (“I was
endowed…”)
aSA wrt, according to Faulkner translates as “a very great quantity of” but “great
number” seems to work better with “fields”. I noticed that Nederhof transliterates
this as aSAw, but Faulkner shows it as aSA even when the writing displays plural
lines.
Page 2 Line 5
iw rn n qn m irt.n=f
The statement is introduced by the particle iw, and emphasises the truth of the
statement.
I noticed that Faulkner mentions that qn can also be a military title, and that there
was an elite military group called the Braves, so I just wonder if there is a bit more to
this line. Is it “The name of a Brave is in what he has done”?
The m of predication asserts the link between the two parts of the sentence –
literally the man’s good name is his deeds.
irt.n=f is a perfect relative form (“that which he has done”)
Page 2 Line 6
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Literally “not / without perishing in this land forever”. This uses the form nn +
infinitive to indicate an action whose existence is denied (Allen 14.15.1)
Janet
Ahmose 1
Page 1 Line 16 & 17
Page 2 Lines1-6
Introduction
di=i – subjunctive
rx=tn – infinitive
xprt – Faulkner=accrued
iwa.kw – stative
sAH.kw – stative
AHwt – fields, arable land
L5, iw rn n qn m irt.n=f
The name of a brave man is what he has done
qn – infinitive
irt.n=f – perfect
L6, nn Htm m tA pn Dt
without perishing in this land forever.
nn – negative
Htm - infinitive
Jill (Please don’t forget to put your name at the top of your work!)
Ahmose 1
Page 1
Page 2
xprt – Faulkner p189; xpr n = accrue to; Hoch §121, 2b) Perfect passive participle
I was rewarded with gold seven times in front of the land in its entirety (the entire
land)
iwa.kwi = stative
sAH.kwi = stative
Line 6 nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Ahmose 1
Lenka Peacock
Due Feb 11, 2018
Section 1, Intro. p. 1, Line 16 - p. 2 Line 6
iwa.kw m nbw sp 7
iwa - to reward
iwa.kw - stative 1s (Allen 2nd ed. 17.2)
= I was rewarded with gold 7 times
iw rn n qn m irt n.f
qn - adj. + vb. - brave, strong, capable
= my name of a brave (man) is in what he does
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Htm - vb. intrans. - perish, be destroyed
= will not perish in this land for eternity.
LPP
(2, 5) iw rn n qn m jrt.n.f
The name of the valiant is in what he has done
(2, 6) nn Htm m tA pn Dt
that shall never perish from the land
Ahmose 1
Mick T 9/2/18
I speak to you all people. I let you know what favours came to me.
I have been rewarded with gold 7 times in the presence of the whole (lit. 'to the limit') land,
With male and female servants as well, with a great number of fields.
iw rn n qn m irt.n =f
nnrnpn42
I have been rwarded with gold 7 times in front of the entiere land
2.06 nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Ahmose 1 rwf
2. Dd.i n tn rmT nbt di.i rx.tn Hswt xprt n.i iwa.kwi m nbw sp 7
xft-hr-n
He says, " I say to you, all people. I will tell you of the rewards
with many grand settlements. The name of the brave one is what he did
Moderator note: Please don’t translate more text than is due in the assignment. I’ve deleted
the extra lines. Thanks!
RMH
Ahmose 1: Einleitung
may I give you knowledge of praise that happened to me (prospective Hoch p87)
I have been rewarded with gold 7 times in front of (stative Hoch p102)
3. tA Dr=f
I have been endowed with many great fields (stative Hoch p102)
iw rn n(y) qn m irt.n=f
nn Htm
without perishing (negation of the infinitive Hoch p119)
4. m tA pn Dt
TB
References:
Abbreviations:
P.1 Line 16
P.1 Line 17
P.2 line 1
P.2 line 2
P.2 line 3
Hm.w r-mitt-jry
Hm.wt
Subject Adverb
linked, consecutive clause referring back to the preposition m in the previous
line
(and with) male and female slaves likewise;
P.2 line 4
jw rn n kn m jr.t.n=f
NEP Subject adverbial predicate
P.2 line 6
nn Htm m tA pn Dt
Negation nn + infinitive Prep. phrase adverb
Ockinga §136(c)
without ever perishing in this entire land.
Terry Wilson Ahmose 1 Page 1,16 to page 2,6 11th Feb 2018
1.16
1.17
2.1
Verb di.i followed by prospective of verb rx has causative translation. [Hoch $75.1]
xprt ~ perf.act.part.
2.2
iwa.kwi m nb sp7 xft Hr n tA r-Dr.f
I was rewarded with gold on 7 occasions in the presence of the entire land
2.3
2.4
2.5 – 2.6
The name of a brave man is in his deeds, without perishing in this land forever,
irt n.f ~ inf. of 3rd wk followed by n.f as ‘logical indirect object’ the making/doing/carrying
out for him. [Hoch $57.5]
VHP
Although it has become traditional to give Ahmose ('the moon-born") the title of "admiral",
this is really conjecture. Breasted, cautiously but correctly translates Hry Xnyt as "chief of the
sailors" and all it really tells us is that Ahmose was in a position of authority over a bunch of "sailors" - also rendered as a
"team of rowers" (Rudermannschaft) by Hannig, although subsequent events reveal that he was a man of some
consequence. It is noteworthy that he is given a matronymic rather than the more usual patronymic. His mother's name looks
like an example of "group-writing" - using pairs of signs to spell out the syllables of foreign words - which would suggest
that she was not of native Egyptian origin. This non-verbal statement is by way of being a caption to the picture of Ahmose
beside which it stands.
lit. " I will let you know the favors/praise/honors which have happened to me." A literal
translation frequently sounds awkward and un-English. Note the archaic writing of the plural
of Hzwt which lends the inscription a touch of solemnity.
xft Hr n tA r Dr=f lit. "before/in the presence of the entire land" ,= "publicly". This is also Hannig's translation. According
to Allen III 16.2 the reed-leaf in the 1st person stative is not a phonetic, but stands for the usual determinative A1. It is also
reminiscent of the Old Egyptian ending .kj, another archaic touch.
and enfeoffed with very many parcels of land, and likewise (with) male and female servants.
sAH "endow" usually refers to land, cattle and servants and is occasionally written with the N21 determinative. Both of
the statives,being of transitive verbs, are passive in meaning. r mjtt jry lit. "similarly to it/them".
jw rn n qn m jrt.n=f nn Htm m tA pn Dt
The reputation of a brave man is (for) what he has done. (It) will never be forgotten in this land."
Lit. "the name of a brave one is what he has done. (It) will never perish". Taking nn Htm as a subjectless verb is something
of a liberty but translating it as "without perishing" makes little sense in either language, whereas making rn n qn the
subject disobeys the prescribed word order. m here is the "m of predication" i.e. what is being said here is that a brave
man's deeds are his reputation.